1 Samuel 10

Charles Spurgeon · Citado em PreceptAustin

1 Samuel 10

Spurgeon - He gave Saul some signs by which he could confirm the truth of all that he had spoken to him: “When thou art departed from me to-day,”—It was well for Samuel to send Saul, with brilliant prospects opening before him, to the sepulchre of the mother of his tribe. Oh, that we were all wise enough to think often of our last hours! (SEE ARTICLE BREVITY AND FLEETING NATURE OF OUR LIVES) Communion with the grave might even help us to communion with heaven. Samuel said to Saul, “Thou shalt find two men by Rachel’s sepulchre,”— Robert Bergen - To dispel doubts concerning the Lord’s claim on the young man’s life, Samuel provided Saul with an unprecedented series of validating signs that would be accomplished almost immediately—even before Saul could return to his own home. This early confirmation would in theory help Saul accept his new status immediately and thus prepare him to accept his role as Israel’s king when it was publicly bestowed on him. Robert Bergen - Saul’s first confirmatory sign would authenticate Samuel’s word concerning the issue that had motivated Saul to seek the prophet in the first place; two men near Rachel’s tomb would inform him of the return of the donkeys and the mounting anxiety for Saul’s safety back in his father’s household. (Borrow 1 & 2 Samuel - New American Commentary) THOUGHT - It wasn’t by chance you heard the gospel; It wasn’t an accident certain friends or a family member told you about God’s forgiveness and love; It wasn’t mere luck you were chosen. God arranged it! Eph.1:4-6 Cyril

1 Samuel 10

Spurgeon - Going to offer to God a meat offering and a thank offering. How could Samuel have known all this if God had not anointed his eyes, and made him a seer who could see what others saw not? Cyril Barber The second sign occurred by the oak of Tabor (probably a large tree that had become a landmark). There Saul and his servant met three men going to worship God at Bethel. This meeting of these two parties previously unknown to each other at the junction of two particular roads was an incident no uninspired man could have foreseen. The supernatural character of Samuel’s knowledge of the group of three men was evident because he had predicted not only the number of men, but also their destination, their greeting, their burden, and their gift. Samuel had specifically mentioned that the gift would be two loaves of bread. Originally intended for an offering (Exodus 29:23–25; Leviticus 8:26–29) the loaves were given spontaneously to Saul, who accepted the gift as he had been told he would do. Robert Bergen - The second sign would confirm the authenticity and legitimacy of Samuel’s act of anointing Saul: three men on their way to a Yahwistic worship center in Bethel (cf. Judg 20:18, 26; 21:2) would present Saul with food designated for use by one who was anointed. Though “the two loaves of bread” (v. 4) were originally intended by the pilgrims as a gift for an anointed Aaronic priest, Saul’s acceptance of the food would require him to accept the legitimacy of his own anointing. (Borrow 1 & 2 Samuel - New American Commentary) 1 Samuel 10:4 and they will greet you and give you two loaves of bread, which you will accept from their hand. greet, Jdg 18:15 1 Samuel 10 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries SAMUEL'S CONTINUED INSTRUCTION TO SAUL and they will greet you (Heb. ask thee of peace, have asked of thee of welfare) and give you two loaves of bread, which you will accept from their hand - Notice that the 3 men had 3 loaves but here only give 2 loaves. More "wills" which are part of the second sign referred to in 1Sa 10:7. Spurgeon makes a great point - “Thou shalt take from them thy first tribute as a king. They shall give thee two loaves of bread, to teach thee to avoid all luxury, and not to be a king who delighteth in delicate and dainty fare. Thou shalt fare as the people do.” 1 Samuel 10:5 "Afterward you will come to the hill (GIBEAH,) of God where the Philistine garrison is; and it shall be as soon as you have come there to the city, that you will meet a group of prophets coming down from the high place with harp, tambourine, flute, and a lyre before them, and they will be prophesying. BGT 1 Samuel 10:5 καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσελεύσῃ εἰς τὸν βουνὸν τοῦ θεοῦ οὗ ἐστιν ἐκεῖ τὸ ἀνάστημα τῶν ἀλλοφύλων ἐκεῖ Νασιβ ὁ ἀλλόφυλος καὶ ἔσται ὡς ἂν εἰσέλθητε ἐκεῖ εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ ἀπαντήσεις χορῷ προφητῶν καταβαινόντων ἐκ τῆς Βαμα καὶ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν νάβλα καὶ τύμπανον καὶ αὐλὸς καὶ κινύρα καὶ αὐτοὶ προφητεύοντες KJV 1 Samuel 10:5 After that thou shalt come to the hill of God, where is the garrison of the Philistines: and it shall come to pass, when thou art come thither to the city, that thou shalt meet a company of prophets coming down from the high place with a psaltery, and a tabret, and a pipe, and a harp, before them; and they shall prophesy: NET 1 Samuel 10:5 Afterward you will go to Gibeah of God, where there are Philistine officials. When you enter the town, you will meet a company of prophets coming down from the high place. They will have harps, tambourines, flutes, and lyres, and they will be prophesying. CSB 1 Samuel 10:5 "After that you will come to the Hill of God where there are Philistine garrisons. When you arrive at the city, you will meet a group of prophets coming down from the high place prophesying. They will be preceded by harps, tambourines, flutes, and lyres. ESV 1 Samuel 10:5 After that you shall come to Gibeath-elohim, where there is a garrison of the Philistines. And there, as soon as you come to the city, you will meet a group of prophets coming down from the high place with harp, tambourine, flute, and lyre before them, prophesying. NIV 1 Samuel 10:5 "After that you will go to Gibeah of God, where there is a Philistine outpost. As you approach the town, you will meet a procession of prophets coming down from the high place with lyres, tambourines, flutes and harps being played before them, and they will be prophesying. NLT 1 Samuel 10:5 "When you arrive at Gibeah of God, where the garrison of the Philistines is located, you will meet a band of prophets coming down from the place of worship. They will be playing a harp, a tambourine, a flute, and a lyre, and they will be prophesying. NRS 1 Samuel 10:5 After that you shall come to Gibeath-elohim, at the place where the Philistine garrison is; there, as you come to the town, you will meet a band of prophets coming down from the shrine with harp, tambourine, flute, and lyre playing in front of them; they will be in a prophetic frenzy. hill of God: 1Sa 10:10 13:3 garrison 1Sa 19:20 2Ki 2:3,5,15 4:38 6:1 a psaltery: Ex 15:20,21 2Ki 3:15 1Ch 13:8 15:19-21,27,28 16:5,42 25:1-6 2Ch 29:25-27 Ps 49:4 150:3-6 1 Samuel 10 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries PROPHET PREDICTS MORE PROPHET ENCOUNTERS FOR SAUL Afterward - Time phrase, also marking progress in the narrative. As discussed below this was one of the signs that Saul now had the authority to act as king as the situation would require (1Sa 10:7). You will come to the hill of God (Gibeath-elohim) where the Philistine garrison (outpost, officials) is - NET on garrison - Or "sentries." Some translate "outpost" (NIV) or "garrison" (NAB, NRSV, NLT) here (see 1 Sam 13:3). The noun is plural in the Hebrew text, but the LXX and other ancient witnesses read a singular noun here. Cyril Barber The third sign took place at the “hill of God,” identified as Tell el-Ful. Some translators add, “where the Philistine garrison is” (1 Samuel 10:5), but this addition appears to be strangely in conflict with the evidence of 7:13–14. If there were a garrison of the Philistines in Saul’s hometown, why would he need to be told of their presence? The Septuagint translates the word for hill as “height” or “erection,” leading some scholars to adopt the idea of a “pillar”—part of a cultic shrine on the summit of the hill. Still others believe the word should be translated “prefect” or “governor.” And then there are those who claim that the place had at one time been occupied by a garrison of Philistines but, as there is no verb in the original, there is no necessity for supposing that the place was then the residence of a garrison. Finally, certain scholars seek to avoid the problem by changing Gibeah to Geba. and it shall be as soon as you have come there to the city, that you will meet a group of prophets coming down from the high place (bamah) with harp, tambourine, flute, and a lyre before them, and they will be prophesying - Here is third specific predictive sign of prophets prophesying (cf 1Sa 10:7). Regarding high place see note below by Homer Heater. Related Resources: For discussion of musical instruments borrow Zondervan Encyclopedia of the Bible, Volume 4, page 311. For discussion of prophets prophesying see L. J. Wood, ECSTASY AND ISRAEL'S EARLY PROPHETS in Bulletin of the Evangelical Theological Society 9 (1966) 125–137 Robert L. Alden, "Ecstasy and the prophets," Bulletin of the Evangelical Theological Society 9.3 (Summer 1966): 149-156 Robert Bergen - The third encounter would confirm Samuel’s assertion that the Lord had also anointed Saul (v. 1). In the presence of a group of prophets, “the Spirit of the Lord will come upon you in power and you will prophesy with them” (v. 6). (Borrow 1 & 2 Samuel - New American Commentary) ESV Study Bible Note (borrow) - Though music may have been used in pagan worship to induce trances, these prophets were still able to walk and play instruments while prophesying. No practices such as self-flagellation or laceration are mentioned here, and the music was probably used to focus attention on the Lord. These same four instruments are mentioned as providing music for feasting in Isa. 5:12. The “harp” was similar to today’s concert harp. The “tambourine” was similar to the modern tambourine, but without the small cymbals. The precise nature of the “flute” is unknown. Various types of wind instruments are known from pictures. Most depict pipes being played vertically, more like a recorder than today’s concert flute. Examples of metal and bone flutes have been found; wood and reed were probably also common. The lyre was basically a sound box, with arms in a U-shape supporting a bar across the top. Depictions of musicians playing the lyre in the ancient Near East are common, and some specimens of the instrument itself have been excavated. The lyre seems to have been considered the premier instrument. In 1 Sam. 16:16, Saul’s servants suggest seeking out a lyre player. High places (01116) bamah Six activities seem to be related to high places -- burning of incense, sacrificing, eating of sacrificial meals, praying, prostitution, child sacrifice (cf. bama in the valley, Je7:31). The first use in Lev 26:30 is God's declaration to Israel "I will destroy your high places." In Dt 32:13 speaking of Jacob (Israel) He declared "He made him ride on the high places of the earth," so clearly some uses of bamah are not negative. In a similar use God says Israel "you will tread upon their (Israel's enemies') high places." Another positive use is Psalm 18:33 where David declared Jehovah "makes my feet like hinds' feet, And sets me upon my high places." (cp Hab 3:19 - NET Note = David "compares his agility in battle to the ability of a deer to negotiate rugged, high terrain without falling or being injured.", cp Isa 58:14) We see he effect of Israel's high places on Jehovah in Ps 78:58 = "For they provoked Him with their high places and aroused His jealousy with their graven images." 1 Samuel 10:6 "Then the Spirit of the LORD will come upon you mightily, and you shall prophesy with them and be changed into another man. Spirit: 1Sa 10:10 16:13 19:23,24 Nu 11:25 Jdg 3:10 Mt 7:22 another man: 1Sa 10:9-12 1 Samuel 10 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: 1 Samuel 10:10 When they came to the hill there, behold, a group of prophets met him; and the Spirit of God came upon him mightily, so that he prophesied among them. 1 Samuel 11:6 Then the Spirit of God came upon Saul mightily when he heard these words, and he became very angry (RIGHTEOUS ANGER). 1 Samuel 16:13 Then Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the midst of his brothers; and the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon David from that day forward. And Samuel arose and went to Ramah. 1 Samuel 18:10 Now it came about on the next day that an evil spirit from God came mightily upon Saul, and he raved in the midst of the house, while David was playing the harp with his hand, as usual; and a spear was in Saul’s hand. (UNRIGHTEOUS "ANGER") 1 Chronicles 12:18 Then the Spirit came upon Amasai, who was the chief of the thirty, and he said, “We are yours, O David, And with you, O son of Jesse! Peace, peace to you, And peace to him who helps you; Indeed, your God helps you!” Then David received them and made them captains of the band. 2 Chronicles 24:20 Then the Spirit of God came on Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest; and he stood above the people and said to them, “Thus God has said, ‘Why do you transgress the commandments of the LORD and do not prosper? Because you have forsaken the LORD, He has also forsaken you.’” PREDICTION OF SAUL CHANGED BY THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD Then - Marks progression in the narrative describing this great supernatural event and the fourth sign (1Sa 10:7). The Spirit of the LORD will come upon you mightily (tsalach; Lxx - ephallomai) - Come upon mightily is same Hebrew verb used in 1Sa 10:10, 1Sa 11:6. We have seen this pattern of God providing a deliver for Israel by dispensing His Spirit upon them. For example, Jdg 6:34+ So the Spirit of the LORD came upon Gideon; and he blew a trumpet, and the Abiezrites were called together to follow him. Jdg 11:29+ Now the Spirit of the LORD came upon Jephthah, so that he passed through Gilead and Manasseh; then he passed through Mizpah of Gilead, and from Mizpah of Gilead he went on to the sons of Ammon. (See also Jdg 14:6, 14:19, Jdg 15:14, 1Ch 12:18)

1 Samuel 10

Spurgeon - “Thou shalt speak with enthusiasm about God; moved with a holy passion, thou shalt speak like a man inspired.” I do not think that Saul ever did really in his inmost soul know the Lord. After Samuel anointed him, he was "turned into another man," but he never became a new man, and the sense of God's presence that he had was not comparable to that presence of God which a true saint enjoys. Matthew Poole on will come upon you "is literally “will leap or rush upon thee, to wit [namely], for a season. So it may be opposed to the Spirit’s resting upon a man, as in Numbers 11:25; Isaiah 11:2.” And you shall prophesy with them and be changed into another man - The Spirit would empower prophetic words from Saul, but even more would empower him to fulfill his role as king. This prophecy is fulfilled in 1Sa 10:9. Cyril

1 Samuel 10

Spurgeon - Note that Samuel did not say to Saul, “Thou shalt be turned into a new man,” for that is what he never was. He became, for a while, another man, a different man from what he had been before, but he never became a gracious man. Eugene Merrill on changed to another man - This is frequently taken to mean that Saul was converted or spiritually regenerated. However, such language for spiritual renewal is foreign to the Old Testament, and Saul's subsequent attitudes and behavior do not bear out that this was his experience (1Sa 16:14; 18:12; 28:15-16). Actually the Spirit made the inexperienced and unlettered Saul able to assume kingly responsibilities in much the same way as the judges before him were blessed (Judges 6:34; 11:29; 13:25; 14:6, 19; 15:14). (Borrow the Bible Knowledge Commentary - Old Testament). Life Application Study Note (borrow) - How could Saul be so filled with the Spirit and yet later commit such evil acts? Throughout the Old Testament, God's Spirit "came upon" a person temporarily so that God could use him or her for great acts. This happened frequently to Israel's judges when they were called by God to rescue the nation (Judges 3:8-10). This was not always a permanent, abiding influence, but sometimes a temporary manifestation of the Holy Spirit. Yet, at times in the Old Testament, the Spirit even came upon unbelievers to enable them to do unusual tasks (Balaam in Numbers 24; 2Ch 36:22-23). The Holy Spirit gave the person power to do what God asked, but it did not always produce the other fruits of the Spirit, such as self-control. Saul, in his early years as king, was a different person (1Sa 10:1-10) as a result of the Holy Spirit's work in him. But as Saul's power grew, so did his pride. After a while he refused to seek God; the Spirit left him (1Sa 16:14), and his good attitude melted away. Related Resource: Empowered by the Spirit of God- Holy Spirit in the Histographic Writings of the OT -- D. Block Come upon mightily (06743) tsalach means to rush or rush upon, to break forth, to come mightily. As discussed below this verb describes the Holy Spirit’s affect on persons, making them powerful (Jdg. 14:6, 9; 15:14; 1 Sa 16:13); or causing persons to prophesy (1 Sam. 10:6, 10; 11:6). It indicates the effect of an evil spirit as well (1 Sa 18:10). It has the sense of persons breaking out, rushing forward in battle (2 Sam. 19:17); and of God breaking out in acts of judgment (Amos 5:6). The Septuagint gives us a vivid word picture of the Spirit's coming upon someone mightily! In 1 Sa 10:6 (and 1Sa 11:6, 1 Sa 16:13) the Greek verb used to translate tsalach is ephallomai which means to leap or jump upon and was the verb used by Luke in Acts 19:16 to describe the evil spirit leaping upon "sons of one Sceva"! In 1 Sa 10:10 the verb is allomai meaning to leap or spring up (used in Acts 3:8, Jn 4:14). Tsalach - 10x - Usage: break forth(1), came upon him mightily(4), came upon mightily(1), came mightily(2), come upon you mightily(1), rushed(1). Jdg. 14:6; Jdg. 14:19; Jdg. 15:14; 1Sa 10:6; 1Sa 10:10; 1Sa 11:6; 1Sa 16:13; 1Sa 18:10; 2Sa 19:17; Amos 5:6. 1 Samuel 10:7 "It shall be when these signs come to you, do for yourself what the occasion requires, for God is with you. BGT 1 Samuel 10:7 καὶ ἔσται ὅταν ἥξει τὰ σημεῖα ταῦτα ἐπὶ σέ ποίει πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν εὕρῃ ἡ χείρ σου ὅτι θεὸς μετὰ σοῦ KJV 1 Samuel 10:7 And let it be, when these signs are come unto thee, that thou do as occasion serve thee; for God is with thee. NET 1 Samuel 10:7 "When these signs have taken place, do whatever your hand finds to do, for God will be with you. CSB 1 Samuel 10:7 When these signs have happened to you, do whatever your circumstances require because God is with you. ESV 1 Samuel 10:7 Now when these signs meet you, do what your hand finds to do, for God is with you. NIV 1 Samuel 10:7 Once these signs are fulfilled, do whatever your hand finds to do, for God is with you. NLT 1 Samuel 10:7 After these signs take place, do what must be done, for God is with you. NRS 1 Samuel 10:7 Now when these signs meet you, do whatever you see fit to do, for God is with you. RSV 1 Samuel 10:7 Now when these signs meet you, do whatever your hand finds to do, for God is with you. YLT 1 Samuel 10:7 and it hath been, when these signs come to thee -- do for thyself as thy hand findeth, for God is with thee. NKJ 1 Samuel 10:7 "And let it be, when these signs come to you, that you do as the occasion demands; for God is with you. NJB 1 Samuel 10:7 When these signs have occurred, act as occasion serves, for God is with you. signs: Ex 4:8 Lu 2:12 Joh 6:14 do what the occasion , Jdg 9:33 God: Ge 21:20 De 20:1 Jdg 6:12 Isa 7:14 45:1,2 Mt 1:23 28:20 1 Samuel 10 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries SIGNS SIGNAL TO SAUL TO "JUST DO IT" Just do it is the idea of doing what his hand found to do It shall be when these signs come to you, do for yourself what the occasion requires (Literally - do for thee as thine hand shall find), for God is with you - NET - "do whatever your hand finds to do, for God will be with you." NKJ = "do as the occasion demands; for God is with you." NLT = "do what must be done, for God is with you." What are the signs? (1) Report of found donkeys (1Sa 10:2), (2) meeting of 3 men, (1Sa 10:3-4) (3) profitable, prophet encounter (1Sa 10:5), (4) Saul himself would begin prophesying (1Sa 10:6). F B