Êxodo 12
Charles Spurgeon · Citado em PreceptAustin
Êxodo 12
Spurgeon - “Commence a nation’s annals from its evangelization. Begin the chronicle of a people from the day when they bow at the feet of Jesus.” (Would it have been so that this had been true of Israel! For the most part it was not true in the OT, nor in the NT). Month (02320)(hodes/chodes from chadash = renew, make new) has two main meanings - (1) the time when the new moon first appears, the day when the crescent moon reappears and is again visible (2 Ki. 4:23, 1 Sa 20:24). Hodes is used in various phrases in this sense to indicate the day after the new moon (1 Sa 20:27); second day of the new moon (1 Sa 20:34) (2) More commonly hodes refers to a month as the measure of time, specifically the period from one new moon to another (normally 30 days). The idea is hodes was considered a monthly "renewal" of the moon, hence the designation "month." The months are sometimes named (Ex 13:4) and sometimes numbered (Gen. 7:11). The noun can refer specifically to the religious celebrations that occurred at each new moon. These were joyous occasions, observed by the offering of sacrifices as outlined in Nu 28:11-15. They were signaled originally at the central sanctuary by the blowing of trumpets (Nu 10:10; Ps. 81:3). Isaiah observed that Babylonian astrologers made predictions at the time of the new moon (Isa. 47:13). Not all new moon activities were approved by the Lord. Because of their insincere worship, God said to the people of Judah, "The new moons and sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot do away with" (Isa. 1:13f; cf. Hos. 2:11). Baker adds "A full month is a ḥōdeš yāmîm (Gen. 29:14). Idioms are formed that mean month by (be) month, that is, an entire month (Num. 28:14); the day of the month is indicated by the preposition le. A child who is ben-ḥod̠eš is one month old (Lev. 27:6). It is used to indicate the time when a wild donkey is in heat, literally, in her month (heat) (Jer. 2:24). It is used with specific names of months, such as the month of Abib (Ex. 13:4; 23:15; 34:18; Neh. 2:1; Zech. 7:1)." (Complete Word Study Dictionary – Old Testament) Hodes - 266x in 223v - month(204), month and months(1), month throughout the months(2), months(33), new moon(17), new moons(9). Gen. 7:11; Gen. 8:4; Gen. 8:5; Gen. 8:13; Gen. 8:14; Gen. 29:14; Gen. 38:24; Exod. 12:2; Exod. 12:3; Exod. 12:6; Exod. 12:18; Exod. 13:4; Exod. 13:5; Exod. 16:1; Exod. 19:1; Exod. 23:15; Exod. 34:18; Exod. 40:2; Exod. 40:17; Lev. 16:29; Lev. 23:5; Lev. 23:6; Lev. 23:24; Lev. 23:27; Lev. 23:32; Lev. 23:34; Lev. 23:39; Lev. 23:41; Lev. 25:9; Lev. 27:6; Num. 1:18; Num. 3:15; Num. 3:22; Num. 3:28; Num. 3:34; Num. 3:39; Num. 3:40; Num. 3:43; Num. 9:1; Num. 9:3; Num. 9:5; Num. 9:11; Num. 9:22; Num. 10:10; Num. 10:11; Num. 11:20; Num. 11:21; Num. 18:16; Num. 20:1; Num. 26:62; Num. 28:11; Num. 28:14; Num. 28:16; Num. 28:17; Num. 29:1; Num. 29:6; Num. 29:7; Num. 29:12; Num. 33:3; Num. 33:38; Deut. 1:3; Deut. 16:1; Jos. 4:19; Jos. 5:10; Jdg. 11:37; Jdg. 11:38; Jdg. 11:39; Jdg. 19:2; Jdg. 20:47; 1 Sam. 6:1; 1 Sam. 20:5; 1 Sam. 20:18; 1 Sam. 20:24; 1 Sam. 20:27; 1 Sam. 20:34; 1 Sam. 27:7; 2 Sam. 2:11; 2 Sam. 5:5; 2 Sam. 6:11; 2 Sam. 24:8; 2 Sam. 24:13; 1 Ki. 4:7; 1 Ki. 4:27; 1 Ki. 5:14; 1 Ki. 6:1; 1 Ki. 6:38; 1 Ki. 8:2; 1 Ki. 11:16; 1 Ki. 12:32; 1 Ki. 12:33; 2 Ki. 4:23; 2 Ki. 15:8; 2 Ki. 23:31; 2 Ki. 24:8; 2 Ki. 25:1; 2 Ki. 25:3; 2 Ki. 25:8; 2 Ki. 25:25; 2 Ki. 25:27; 1 Chr. 3:4; 1 Chr. 12:15; 1 Chr. 13:14; 1 Chr. 21:12; 1 Chr. 23:31; 1 Chr. 27:1; 1 Chr. 27:2; 1 Chr. 27:3; 1 Chr. 27:4; 1 Chr. 27:5; 1 Chr. 27:7; 1 Chr. 27:8; 1 Chr. 27:9; 1 Chr. 27:10; 1 Chr. 27:11; 1 Chr. 27:12; 1 Chr. 27:13; 1 Chr. 27:14; 1 Chr. 27:15; 2 Chr. 2:4; 2 Chr. 3:2; 2 Chr. 5:3; 2 Chr. 7:10; 2 Chr. 8:13; 2 Chr. 15:10; 2 Chr. 29:3; 2 Chr. 29:17; 2 Chr. 30:2; 2 Chr. 30:13; 2 Chr. 30:15; 2 Chr. 31:3; 2 Chr. 31:7; 2 Chr. 35:1; 2 Chr. 36:2; 2 Chr. 36:9; Ezr. 3:1; Ezr. 3:5; Ezr. 3:6; Ezr. 3:8; Ezr. 6:19; Ezr. 7:8; Ezr. 7:9; Ezr. 8:31; Ezr. 10:9; Ezr. 10:16; Ezr. 10:17; Neh. 1:1; Neh. 2:1; Neh. 7:73; Neh. 8:2; Neh. 8:14; Neh. 9:1; Neh. 10:33; Est. 2:12; Est. 2:16; Est. 3:7; Est. 3:12; Est. 3:13; Est. 8:9; Est. 8:12; Est. 9:1; Est. 9:15; Est. 9:17; Est. 9:19; Est. 9:21; Est. 9:22; Job 14:5; Job 21:21; Ps. 81:3; Isa. 1:13; Isa. 1:14; Isa. 47:13; Isa. 66:23; Jer. 1:3; Jer. 2:24; Jer. 28:1; Jer. 28:17; Jer. 36:9; Jer. 36:22; Jer. 39:1; Jer. 39:2; Jer. 41:1; Jer. 52:4; Jer. 52:6; Jer. 52:12; Jer. 52:31; Ezek. 1:1; Ezek. 1:2; Ezek. 8:1; Ezek. 20:1; Ezek. 24:1; Ezek. 26:1; Ezek. 29:1; Ezek. 29:17; Ezek. 30:20; Ezek. 31:1; Ezek. 32:1; Ezek. 32:17; Ezek. 33:21; Ezek. 39:12; Ezek. 39:14; Ezek. 40:1; Ezek. 45:17; Ezek. 45:18; Ezek. 45:20; Ezek. 45:21; Ezek. 45:25; Ezek. 46:1; Ezek. 46:3; Ezek. 46:6; Ezek. 47:12; Dan. 10:4; Hos. 2:11; Hos. 5:7; Amos 4:7; Amos 8:5; Hag. 1:1; Hag. 1:15; Hag. 2:1; Hag. 2:20; Zech. 1:1; Zech. 1:7; Zech. 7:1; Zech. 7:3 G Campbell
Êxodo 12
Spurgeon commented that "The paschal lamb was not killed in order to be looked at only, but to be eaten; and our Lord Jesus Christ has not been slain merely that we may hear about Him and talk about Him, and think about Him, but that we may feed upon Him.” And they shall eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs (see Nu 9:11) - Unleavened bread had not been allowed to rise (which takes time, usually hours) (cf Ex 12:34). The rabbinic tradition identified varieties of bitter () herbs including lettuce, dandelion, and chicory. People today often use horseradish. Eating these herbs was a reminder that their lives had been “bitter (marar) with hard labor” (Ex 1:14+).