Números 28

Números 28

Click for Numbers Chapters 1-36 Numbers: Journey to God's Rest-Land by Irving Jensen- used by permission Source: Ryrie Study Bible THE BOOK OF NUMBERS "Wilderness Wandering" WALKING Numbers 1-12 WANDERING Numbers 13-25 WAITING Numbers 26-36 Counting & Camping Nu 1-4 Cleansing & Congregation Nu 5-8 Carping & Complaining Nu 9-12 12 Spies & Death in Desert Nu 13-16 Aaron & Levites in Wilderness Nu 17-18 Serpent of Brass & Story of Balaam Nu 21-25 Second Census 7 Laws of Israel Nu 26-30 Last Days of Moses as Leader Nu 31-33 Sections, Sanctuaries & Settlements Nu 34-36 Law & Order Rebellion & Disorder New Laws for the New Order Old Generation Tragic Transition New Generation Preparation for the Journey: Moving Out Participation in the Journey: Moving On Prize at end of the Journey: Moving In At Sinai Mt Sinai To Moab Mt Hor At Moab Mt Nebo En Route to Kadesh (Mt Sinai) En Route to Nowhere (Wilderness) En Route to Canaan (Plains of Moab) A Few Weeks to 2 Months 38 years, 3 months, 10 days A Few Months Christ in Numbers = Our "Lifted-up One" (Nu 21:9, cp Jn 3:14-15) Author: Moses Summary of Numbers 28-29 Calendar (Source: Bible Knowledge Commentary) Numbers 28:1 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, The Fall Feasts - Feast of Trumpets (Rosh Hashanah), Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot) - discusses prophetic significance of these feasts The Spring Feasts - Passover (Pesach), Unleavened Bread (Chag HaMatzot), Firstfruits (HaBikkurim) Pentecost (Shavout) - discusses prophetic significance of these feasts Numbers 28 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Numbers 28 and Numbers 29 function as a unit and the offerings can be summarized as follows: Note that the 4 "Spring Feasts" are described in Numbers 28 and the 3 remaining "Fall Feasts" are described in Numbers 29. Daily Offerings (Nu 28:1–8+) Weekly Sabbath (Nu 28:9, 10+) Monthly New moon—“beginnings of your months” (Rosh Chodesh) (Nu 28:11–15+) Annual Passover (Pesach) - Feast of Unleavened Bread (Chag HaMatzot) (Nu 28:16–25+) Annual Feast of Weeks - Pentecost (Shavuot) (Nu 28:26–31+) Annual Feast of Trumpets - New moon of the seventh month—the new year- Rosh Hashanah or Yom Teruah (Nu 29:1–6+) Annual Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) (Nu 29:7–11+) Annual Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot)(Nu 29:12–39+) Summary of The Seven Feasts (Source: The Fall Feasts) Then - Always notice the conjunction then as it marks progression in the story. The LORD spoke to Moses, saying - This refrain occurs 93x in Scripture. HCSB Study Bible - The LORD spoke to Moses introduces the divine instruction about the special fire offering to be presented to the Lord on the various holy days of the Israelite calendar. God would bless the faithful Israelites with abundance in their fields and flocks in the promised land, so they in turn might celebrate His greatness and goodness in rendering the fruits of their labors. Stubb - Numbers 28 & 29 go together, and tell of God's portion from a worshipping host. They contain details as to the seven Feasts of Jehovah. In Leviticus 23 the times when these feasts were to be kept are set out. In Deuteronomy 16 the place where they were to be kept is emphasised, namely the divine centre. But in these chapters here we have their accompanying offerings. These offerings were in addition to those detailed in the early chapters of Leviticus and to the stated daily offerings God required. (What the Bible Teaches) Ronald Allen on Nu 28:1-8 - This paragraph reiterates the laws of sacrificial worship in the daily offerings in their order (see Exod 29:38–41; Lev 1–7). Verses 2–8 speak of the daily offerings; vv.9–10 of the Sabbath offerings; and vv.11–15 of the monthly offerings. The most significant issue for the modern reader, I suspect, is not in the details of each of these sacrifices nearly so much as in the wording of these commandments. The personal involvement of the Lord, the emphasis on his speaking, and the direction of worship are the paramount issues. (EBC) Numbers 28:2 "Command the sons of Israel and say to them, 'You shall be careful to present My offering, My food for My offerings by fire, of a soothing aroma to Me, at their appointed time.' my food: Lev 3:11 21:6,8 Mal 1:7,12 soothing aroma: Heb. savour of my rest, Nu 15:3,7,24 Ge 8:21 Ex 29:18 Lev 1:9,13,17 3:11 Eze 16:19 Eze 20:41 *marg: 2Co 2:15 Eph 5:2 Php 4:18 at their appointed time Nu 9:2,3,7,13 Ex 23:15 Ps 81:3 Numbers 28 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries COMMANDMENTS CONCERNING OFFERINGS Believer's Study Bible - Chapters 28; 29 repeat some of the information on offerings found in Ex. 23:10-19; Ex 34:18-26; Lev. 23:1-44; Dt. 16:1-17. The purpose of this section is to give the priests a ritual calendar of the minimum sacrifices they would be offering in the course of a year. Like Balaam's prophecy (Nu 23; 24), the new census (Nu 26), the faith of the daughters of Zelophehad, and the appointment of Joshua in the book of Numbers (Nu 27), these chapters regarding offerings (Nu 28; 29) and vows (Nu 30) herald a new beginning (cf. Lam. 3:21-23). The offerings are presented in descending order of frequency and emphasize that God should be worshipped regularly -- daily (Nu 28:1-8), weekly (Nu 28:9-10), monthly (Nu 28:11-15), and seasonally (Nu 28:16-29:38)-as well as spontaneously (Nu 29:39). Jensen sums up Numbers 28-29 writing "The laws of offerings presented in these chapters formed a fitting bond between Sinai and Canaan. In between the two lands was a dark wilderness, where a disobedient generation perished. Now the laws of fellowship by offering recorded here set in motion again the communion which God once had with Israel and now hoped to enjoy again." Merrill points out aht "No guilt offerings were included in any of these regularly scheduled calendrical offerings. On guilt offerings see Leviticus 5:14–6:7" (BKC) Command the sons of Israel and say to them, 'You shall be careful to present My offering, My food for My offerings by fire, of a soothing aroma (see nihoah) to Me - Notice the emphasis - MY...MY...MY...ME. God is making it clear that these offerings are for HIM! Notice that the importance of the offerings is that they were commanded by Yahweh, they were to be at very specific times (God's way) and were to be done for God's good pleasure (soothing aroma). God commands and here demands His portion. Indeed, we are all debtors to His mercy and still owe Him His offerings, albeit now under grace not law! A Debtor to Mercy Augustus Toplady and Bob Kauflin A debtor to mercy alone Of covenant mercy I sing I come with Your righteousness on My humble offering to bring The judgments of Your holy law With me can have nothing to do My Savior’s obedience and blood Hide all my transgressions From view The work which Your goodness began The arm of Your strength will complete Your promise is yes and amen And never was forfeited yet The future or things that are now No power below or above Can make You Your purpose forego Or sever my soul from Your love My name from the palms of Your hands Eternity will not erase Impressed on Your heart it remains In marks of indelible grace Yes I, to the end will endure Until I bow down at Your throne Forever and always secure Forever and always secure Forever and always secure A debtor to mercy alone Jensen comments that "By bringing the offerings to God the people were symbolically yielding themselves to Him." (EvBC-Nu) THOUGHT: New Testament believers do well to remember that all these OT "soothing aromas" pointed to Christ Who "loved you and gave Himself up for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God as a fragrant aroma." (Ephesians 5:2+) This is the only "soothing aroma" that God will fully accept and which will truly propitiate Him (see propitiation). And now because Christ was a "fragrant aroma" believers have the incredible privilege to be pleasing aromas (albeit to some an aroma of death) in this crooked and perverse generation. Thus Paul writes But thanks be to God, who always leads us in triumph in Christ, and manifests through us the sweet aroma of the knowledge of Him in every place. 15 For we are a fragrance of Christ to God among those who are being saved and among those who are perishing; 16 to the one an aroma from death to death, to the other an aroma from life to life. And who is adequate for these things? (ANWER? ONLY CHRIST!) (2 Cor 2:14-17) (DO YOU/I MANIFEST HIS SWEET AROMA IN OUR SPHERES OF INFLUENCE?) Allen adds that "There is a sense in which these sacrifices bring pleasure to the Lord. Yet as we reflect on them, we realize that it is not the sacrifice that brings him pleasure; it is the offerers who obey him in these demands who please him! This is the clear teaching of Psalm 40:6–8 and Micah 6:6–8. The acrid odor of the burning flesh and attendant grain, oil, and wine are the physical symbols of the spiritual reality; obedient people bring pleasure to the Lord. To bring oneself as a living sacrifice (Rom 12:1–2) is not a distinctly NT teaching, as often averred. It is the clearer statement of that which had always been the major issue in sacrifice from Abel until Christ (see the words of Ps 40:6–8 quoted in Heb 10:5–7). God looks first on the one who brings the sacrifice (notice the word order in Gen 4:4–5) and then on the sacrifice that person brings. But when all is as it should be, person and sacrifice, then there is a “pleasing aroma” that ascends to the Lord." (EBC) Romans 12:1-2+ Therefore I urge you, brethren, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies a living and holy sacrifice, acceptable to God, which is your spiritual service of worship. 2 And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may prove what the will of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. Pfeiffer has an interesting thought - God’s food here referred to was not that which the priests received as their due, but rather the food that went up in smoke at the fire offerings. The thought is that God eats and drinks with his worshipers, which, far from being a primitive notion, is carried over into the NT in the parallel ordinance of the Lord’s table, the Communion. (Wycliffe Bible Commentary) Matthew Henry makes the point that the appointed times were… 1. Many and returned frequently, which was intended to preserve in them a deep sense of God and religion, and to prevent their inclining to the superstitions of the heathen. God kept them fully employed in his service, that they might not have time to hearken to the temptations of the idolatrous neighborhood they lived in. 2. They were most of them times of joy and rejoicing. The weekly sabbath is so, and all their yearly solemnities, except the day of atonement. Seven days were days of strict rest and holy convocations; the first day and the seventh of the feast of unleavened bread, the day of Pentecost, the day of the feast of trumpets, the first day and the eighth of the feast of tabernacles, and the day of atonement: here were six for holy joy and one only for holy mourning. At their appointed time - This speaks of the necessity and the "rhythm" of these sacrifices, so we never lose track of our sin and need for sacrifice in order to worship a holy God. He will proceed to describe daily, weekly, monthly, yearly and continual sacrifices. The message is clear that Israel needed to be continually reminded that to approach a thrice Holy God they could only come with their sins atoned by the sacrificial substitutionary death of an animal all of these sacrifices being but a shadow pointing to the ultimate sacrifice of the Lamb of God Who takes away the sins of the world (Jn 1:29+). Their appointed time - Don't miss this point - these festival times were God's idea, God's agenda, His "appointment calendar" so to speak. He is explicitly describing how He is to be worshiped in these festivals, all of which were practical in nature, in that they brought the Israelites together for rest, worship, praise, and thanksgiving; and prophetic in nature, in that they were a "shadow" (Col 2:17+) of God's divine plan of redemption. They all pointed a "divine finger" to the Messiah, the Christ, the Holy One of Israel! THOUGHT - While there are appointed times, the time is always appropriate for offerings to God. The writer of Hebrews says "Through Him (JESUS) then, let us continually (THE "APPOINTED" TIME!) offer up a sacrifice of praise to God, that is, the fruit of lips that give thanks to His name. 16 And do not neglect doing good and sharing, for with such sacrifices God is pleased." (Hebrews 13:15-16+) Offering by fire (0801)(ishsheh from esh = a fire) means an offering made by fire. It refers to any offering or portion of an offering that is wholly or partially consumed by fire -- burnt offering (Lev 1:9, 13); the cereal/grain offering (Lev 2:3); peace offering (Lev 3:3); the guilt offering (Lev 7:5); the consecration offering (Lev 8:28) Clearly this offering stresses the death of the sacrifice. Notice all uses except Josh 13:14 and 1Sa 2:28 are in the Pentateuch. All of these offerings were the Lord’s (Nu 28:2), and the phrase “to the Lord” is explicitly stated most of the time. The first use is in Ex 29:18 in Yahweh’s instruction to Moses regarding the ordination of priests "And you shall offer up in smoke the whole ram on the altar; it is a burnt offering to the LORD: it is a soothing aroma, an offering by fire to the LORD." The phrase "soothing aroma" is usually associated with the offerings by fire, this phrase signifying that Jehovah had accepted the offerer's offering. Baker adds that ishsheh "describes how the various offerings were presented to the Lord; that is, they were offerings made by means of fire. This practice gave rise to referring to all the offerings the priests presented as fire offerings; hence, some consider this term a general term that applied to all the sacrifices of the Israelites (Dt. 18:1; 1Sa 2:28). The fire was actually not offered. Instead, it was the means by which the various offerings were presented to God. The fire caused the offering to go up in smoke, a fact indicated by the causative form of the Hebrew verb, and that created a pleasant aroma to the Lord. The fire also purified what was offered. In this sense, the offerings could be called fire offerings or offerings made by fire. The Levites were put in charge of all the offerings by fire to the Lord (Josh. 13:14). (The Complete Word Study Dictionary: Old Testament) Soothing (sweet) (05207)(nihoah rom nuach = to rest) means a quieting, soothing, tranquilizing. In 20 of the 43 uses of nichoach, this noun (usually with the sense of an adjective) is used with the phrase "burnt offering." Almost all uses describe the odor of a sacrifice as pleasing or acceptable to God. Sadly, we see this word used to describe Israel's offering to idols (Ezek 6:13+, Ezek 15:19, Ezek 20:28), which is in stark contrast with Jehovah's assessment of His rebellious people in Ezek 20:14 where they are described as a soothing aroma! - “As a soothing aroma I shall accept you, when I bring you out from the peoples (Gentiles) and gather you from the lands where you are scattered (A prophecy that is unfulfilled, but which will be when Messiah returns and all Israel is saved - Ro 11:26-27+); and I shall prove Myself holy among you in the sight of the nations." The Septuagint (Lxx) translates nihoah with the noun euodia = fragrance, sweet odor, aroma, used to describe the sacrifices that were pleasing to God. It is used figuratively in 2Cor 2:15 of those who serve God sacrificially, of a gift given sacrificially (Phil 4:18+) and of Christ's sacrifice of Himself (Eph 5:2+) Aroma (fragrance) (07381)(reah from ruach = breath, wind) means scent or odor. Reah refers to the “scent or smell” of a person or thing as when Isaac smelled Jacob's garments and concluded (falsely) that they had the aroma of Esau (Ge 27:27 where reah is used 3x). In Lev 26:31 God is warning if Israel disobeyed (see Lev 26:14-16) "I will not smell your soothing aromas." In Ezekiel 6:13 God said He would punish Judah because "they offered soothing aroma (reah) to all their idols." In Ezekiel 16:19 God accused Judah of making and offering sacrifices to idolatrous images (Ezek 16:17-18) = "offer before them [their idols] for a soothing aroma." (cp similar accusation in Ezek 20:28) The first use is the soothing aroma (reah) given off by Noah's burnt offerings (Ge 8:20-21) where "soothing" (hannihoah) reflects a play on the name "Noah" which means "rest"! An interesting cluster of uses of reah is found in the intimate love story described in Song of Solomon, where pleasant smells play a major role in the intimate relationship (Song 1:3, 12; Song 2:13; Song 4:10-11; Song 7:8, 13) Appointed times (04150) (moed from the verb ya'ad meaning to appoint or fix) can refer to either a time or place of meeting (eg, in "tent of meeting" the word for "meeting" in Lev 1:1 is moed). Appointed sign, appointed time, appointed season, place of assembly, set feast. An appointed meeting time in general (Gen. 18:14; Ex. 13:10). Moed often designates a determined time or place without any regard for the purpose. Since the Jewish festivals occurred at regular intervals, this word becomes closely identified with them. Thus moed is a common term for the worshiping assembly of God's people. A specific appointed time, usually for a sacred feast or festival (Hos. 9:5; 12:9). Moed as in the present context is used of those places where God’s people were to focus on God and their relationship with Him, which would include: the tent of meeting (Ex. 33:7); the Temple (Lam. 2:6); the synagogues (Ps. 74:8). POSB entitles this chapter "The Offerings and Sacrifices Commanded by the Lord: The Picture of Man’s Need to Continually Approach and Worship God through the Atonement Secured by the Sacrifice (a Symbol of God’s Dear Son, the Lord Jesus Christ)" TSK - The stated sacrifices and service of the tabernacle having, probably, been greatly interrupted for several years, and a new generation having arisen, who were children or minors when the law was given respecting these ordinances; and as they were now about to enter into the promised land, where they must be established and constantly observed; God commands Moses to repeat them to the people in the following order:-- Daily: the morning and evening sacrifices; a lamb each time. (Nu 28:3, 4) Weekly: the sabbath offerings; two lambs of a year old. (Nu 28:9, 10.) Monthly: at the beginning of each month, two young bullocks, one ram, and seven lambs of a year old, and a kid for a sin offering. (Nu 28:11-15.) Annual: (1) the Passover to last seven days; the offerings, two young bullocks, one ram, seven lambs of a year old, and a he-goat. (Nu 28:16-25.) (2) First-fruits: the sacrifices the same as on the beginning of the month. (Nu 28:6-31.) Brian Bell - What do we as Christians celebrate: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly? Daily? - Celebrate our personal relationship with Jesus via our devotions. Weekly? - Celebrate the Lords Day by gathering/worshiping together. (or Wed) Monthly? - Celebration of Communion together 1st Sun; Potluck Fellowship. (in our Calv Mur culture) Yearly? - Celebration of Jesus birth, death, & res. We don’t bring animal sacrifices anymore, instead we present our bodies to the Lord as living sacrifices. Rom.12:1,2+ NLT - And so, dear brothers and sisters, I plead with you to give your bodies to God because of all he has done for you. Let them be a living and holy sacrifice - the kind he will find acceptable. This is truly the way to worship him. It was easy for these sacrifices to become mere ritual. See Amos 5:21-24 (Is. 1:11-18) The prophets condemned their misuse. They give us a clue to there purpose & God’s real requirements. hey were playing Church! [Hypocrites in their finest hour!] Religious activities + generous gifts to God = A happy God? (Nope!) b) Don’t seek religious services…seek the Lord! The special annual feasts could not take the place of the regular offerings. And neither can ours!!! Example: one whom I’ll call, “Easter man” - only comes on Easter. The way to become more spiritual is to strengthen the regular worship day after day, & then the special times of worship, will do us more good. Never neglect the regular burnt offering. The word regular is use 17x’s in Num 28,29. A reminder that the daily routine is important to God & to us. [Are you regular?] :) It’s His Food! Continual in Numbers 28-29 (Key Word = 17x but only 11x in rest of the Bible!!!) - Num. 28:3; Num. 28:6; Num. 28:10; Num. 28:15; Num. 28:23; Num. 28:24; Num. 28:31; Num. 29:6; Num. 29:11; Num. 29:16; Num. 29:19; Num. 29:22; Num. 29:25; Num. 29:28; Num. 29:31; Num. 29:34; Num. 29:38 “Will you please tell me in a word,” said a Christian woman to a minister, “what your idea of consecration is?” Holding out a blank sheet of paper the pastor replied, “It is to sign your name at the bottom of this blank sheet, and to let God fill it in as He will.” The Scriptures were not given for our information, but for our transformation. G Campbell