Levítico 8

Levítico 8

Chart from recommended resource Jensen's Survey of the OT - used by permission Another Overview Chart of Leviticus - Charles Swindoll A third Overview Chart of Leviticus LEVITICUS THE BOOK OF SANCTIFICATION AND WORSHIP Adapted and modified from C. Swindoll Leviticus 1-17 Leviticus 18-27 The Way to God Access The Walk with God Lifestyle The Approach: Offerings Practical Guidelines The Representative: Priest Chronological Observances The Laws: Cleansing Physically & Spiritually Severe Consequences Verbal promises Ritual for Worship Worshipping a Holy God Practical for Walking Living a Holy Life Location: Mt Sinai for one full year Theme: How sinful humanity can approach and worship a holy God Key Verses: Lev 17:11, 19:2, 20:7-8 Christ in Leviticus: In every sacrifice, every ritual, every feast Time: about 1446BC THE LEVITICAL OFFERINGS SUMMARIZED BURNT OFFERING GRAIN OFFERING PEACE OFFERING SIN OFFERING TRESPASS OFFERING Description 1) Sweet aroma 2) Voluntary Heb = 'olah 1) Sweet aroma 2) Voluntary Heb = minchah 1) Sweet aroma 2) Voluntary Heb = selemim 1) Non-sweet aroma 2) Compulsory Heb = chattath Aka-Purification Offering Atoning sacrifice of animals with no physical defects. The required offering varied with the situation and station of the person receiving its benefits 1) Non-sweet aroma 2) Compulsory Heb = asam Aka - Reparation or Guilt Offering Atoning sacrifice of a ram or lamb with no physical defects Scripture Lv 1:3-17-note Lv 6:8-13-note Cp Nu 15:1-16 Lv 2:1-16-note Lv 6:14-18-note Lv 7:12-13-note Cp Nu 15:17-21 Lv 3:1-17-note Lv 7:11-21-note, Lv 7:28-34-note Cp Deut 12:20-28 Lv 4:1-5:13-note Lv 6:24-30-note Cp Nu 15:22-31 Lv 5:14-6:7-note Lv 7:1-7-note Purpose Summarized IN COMMUNION WITH GOD FOR COMMUNION WITH GOD Purpose Detailed 1) To propitiate for sin in general -Lv 1:4-note 2) To signify complete dedication & consecration to God hence called the whole burnt offering. Acceptance before God for worship & service Maintenance of fellowship with God Recognition of the sovereignty of God This offering accompanied all burnt offerings. Signified homage & thanksgiving to God. Recognition of God's bountiful provision Expression of dedication, praise & thanksgiving to God Acknowledging God as the source of provision and prosperity. Celebration of peace & of God's covenant faithfulness... Generally expressed peace & fellowship between the offerer & God & thus culminated in a community meal. 1) Thank offering: express thanks for unexpected blessing or deliverance 2) Votive Offering: to express gratitude for a blessing or deliverance granted when a vow had accompanied the petition. 3) Freewill Offering: to express gratitude to God without regard to any specific blessing or deliverance. To atone for sins committed unknowingly, especially where no restitution was possible. Note Nu 15:30, 31: The sin offering was of no avail in cases of defiant rebellion against God. Confession to God for impurities and offenses Recognition of the effects of one's sins on others in the covenant community Restoration of fellowship with God To atone for sins committed in ignorance, esp where restitution was possible Confession to men for impurities and deceptions Willingness of the repentant believer to make proper restitution Consists of According to wealth: 1) Bull without blemish-Lv 1:3–9-note 2) Male sheep or goat without blemish-Lv 1:10–13-note); 3 Turtledoves or young pigeons-Lv 1:14–17-note 3) Turtledoves or young pigeons-Lv 1:14–17-note Three Types: 1) Fine flour mixed with oil and frankincense-Lv 2:1–3-note 2) Cakes made of fine flour mixed with oil and and baked an oven Lv 2:4-note, in a pan Lv 2:5-note or in a covered pan Lv 2:7-note 3) Green heads of roasted grain mixed with oil and frankincense-Lv 2:14, 15-note According to wealth: 1) From the herd, a male or female without blemish-Lv 3:1–5-note 2) From the flock, a male or female without blemish-Lv 3:6–11-note 3) From the goats-Lv 3:12–17-note Note: Minor imperfections were permitted when the peace offering was a freewill offering of a bull or a lamb-Lv 22:23 1) For the high priest, a bull without blemish-Lv 4:3–12-note 2) For the congregation, a bull without blemish-Lv 4:13–21-note 3) For a ruler, a male goat without blemish-Lv 4:22–26-note 4) For a commoner, a female goat or lamb without blemish-Lv 4:27–35-note 5) In cases of poverty, two turtledoves or two young pigeons (one for a sin offering, the other for a burnt offering) could be substituted-Lv 5:7–10-note 6) In cases of extreme poverty, fine flour could be substituted-Lv 5:11–13-note; cp Heb. 9:22-note 1) If the offense was against the Lord (tithes, offerings, etc), a ram w/o blemish was offered; restitution was reckoned according to the priest's estimate of the value of the trespass + 20% (Lv 5:15-16-note) 2) If the offense were against man, a ram w/o blemish was offered, restitution reckoned according to the priest's estimate + 20% (Lv 6:4-6-note) God's Portion Entirety burned on the altar of burnt offering-Lv 1:9-note except the skin-Lv 7:8-note Memorial portion burned on the altar of burnt offering-Lv 2:2, 9, 16-note Fatty portions burned on the altar of burnt offering-Lv 3:3–5-note 1) Fatty portions to be burned on the altar of burnt offering Lv 4:8–10-note, Lv 4:19. 26-note, Lev 4:31, 35-note 2) When the sin offering was for the high priest or congregation, the remainder of the bull was to be burned outside the camp-Lv 4:11, 12-note, Lev 4:20, 21-note Fat burned on altar of burnt offering-Lev 7:3-5-note Priests Portion Skin only-Lv 7:8-note Remainder eaten in court of tabernacle-Lv 2:3, 10-note, Lev 6:16-18-note, Lv 7:14-15-note Breast (wave offering) & right thigh (heave offering)-Lv 7:30-34-note Remainder eaten in holy place-Lv 7:6-7-note Offerer's Portion None None Remainder to be eaten in the court by the offerer & family 1) Thank offering = eaten same day-Lv 7:15-note None None The Christian Consecration Service Fellowship Redemption for the sinner that he is Redemption for the sinner he commits Christ He presented Himself to the Father to do His will He served His Father and men as Son of Man He is the common bond of fellowship between God & man He atoned for the guilt of sin He atoned for the damage of sin. Prophetic Significance Signifies complete dedication of life to God 1) On part of Christ-Mt 26:39-44, Mk 14:36, Lk 22:42, Php 2:5-11-note 2) On part of believer-Ro 12:1-2-note, Heb 13:15-note Signifies perfect humanity of Christ: 1) Absence of leaven ~ sinlessness of Christ-He 4:15-note, 1Jn 3:5 2) The presence of oil is emblematic of the Holy Spirit-Lk 4:18; 1Jn 2:20-note, 1Jn 2:27-note Shadow of the peace believer has through Christ-Ro 5:1-2-note, 1Cor 10:16-18, 11:17-34, Col 1:20-note NB: Only offering in which offerer shared Thank Offering: 1Th 5:18-note Heb 13:15-note Prefigures fact that Christ's death... 1) Was made sin for us - 2Cor 5:20-21-note 2) He suffered outside the gate - Heb 13:11-13-note Cp Lv 4:3-note, 1Ti 5:20 Cp Lv 4:27-note, 1Cor 8:9-13 Cp Lv 5:5-note, 1Jn 1:9-note See Heb 9:22-note Shadow of Christ as our Trespass offering - Col 2:13-note Cp Lv 5:15-note, Lv 22:14-16 Cp Lv 6:2-5-note, Eph 4:25-32, Jas 5:16 Adapted from Believer's Bible Commentary & Irving Jensen Comparative Study of Three Biblical Priesthoods Old Testament Levites Christ Great High Priest New Testament Believers APPOINTMENT Divinely Chosen Heb 5:4+ Heb 5:5-6+ 1 Pet 2:9*+ Anointed Ex 29:7+ Ex 40:12-15+ Lev 8:12+ Isaiah 61:1+ Acts 10:38+ 1 Jn 2:20, 27+ Sanctified Set Apart Ex 28:36+ Lev 8:30+ Heb 10:14+ 1 Pet 1:2+ MINISTRY Receiving Keeping Revelation Deut 33:8, 10 Phil 2:15-16+ 1 Thes 2:13+ Teaching † Lev 10:11+ Deut 33:10a Mt 5:2+ Mt 7:29+ John 3:2+ Col 3:16+ Heb 5:12+ Offering Sacrifices Levi 9:7+ Deut 33:10b Heb 5:1+ Heb 9:11-10:18+ Heb 13:15-16+ 1 Pe 2:5+ Interceding Ex 28:12, 29**+ 1Sa 7:5, 12:23 Ro 8:34+ Heb 7:25+ Judging Controversies John 5:22+ Acts 10:42+ 2 Ti 4:8+ Entering the Holy Place Ex 30:7-10+ Heb 9:1-7+ Heb 9:12, 24+ Heb 4:16+ Heb 10:19-22+ SOURCE: CHART FROM DR WILLIAM BARRICK * With regard to the change over of the priesthoods and their relationship to God’s program, compare Exodus 19:6+ and Hosea 4:6+ with 1 Peter 2:9-10+. †“Law” (tôrâ) = “instruction.” It is interesting to note Aaron’s relationship to God’s instruction in Leviticus. Compare “And the LORD called/spoke to Moses” (Lev 1:1; 4:1; 6:1; 8:1) with “And the LORD spoke to Aaron/to Moses and Aaron” (Lev 10:8; 11:1; 13:1; 14:33; 15:1). However, note that “after the death of the two sons of Aaron” (16:1) the remainder of Leviticus employs the formula, “And the LORD spoke to Moses” (Lev 16:2; 17:1; 18:1; 19:1; 20:1; etc.) ** Israel’s high priest bore the names of the tribes of Israel on his garments as a “memorial.” In other words, he represented the people. Such representation was part of his intercessory ministry. Leviticus 8:1 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, Leviticus 8 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries This phrase is used to introduce sections 23x in Leviticus -Lev 4:1; 5:14; 6:1, 8, 19, 24; 7:22, 28; 8:1; 12:1; 13:1; 14:1; 17:1; 18:1; 19:1; 20:1; 21:16; 22:1, 17, 26; 23:9; 24:1, 13 CONSECRATION TO SERVICE Then Jehovah spoke - The spiritual and moral authority of the consecration ceremony is from God and is to be carefully heeded, which Moses did to a "T", giving us all a great example to emulate. What follows looks back to Ex 29:4–37, describing how those instructions were to be implemented. Note that literary genre changes from legal (sacred things) to narrative (sacred persons) in Lev 8-10. In Leviticus 8 Moses fits Aaron (and his sons) for the holy priesthood. One scholar, Paul Kiene, wrote: “The details of the high priest’s garments speak of the Lord Jesus in His glory. They help us better recognize His incomparable qualities and the worth of His person, in order that we will love and honor our Lord more.” A C Gaebelein's Outline of Leviticus 8 1. Aaron (Leviticus 8:1-12) 2. Aaron and his sons (Leviticus 8:13-21) 3. The consecration (Leviticus 8:22-30) 4. The sacrificial feast (Leviticus 8:31-36) Allen Ross on Leviticus 8 1. the congregation assembled with the materials (Lev 8:1–4) 2. the priests were washed and clothed (Lev 8:5–9) 3. the sacred objects and personages were anointed (Lev 8:10–13) 4. the purification offering was made (Lev 8:14–17) 5. the burnt offering was made (Lev 8:18–21) 6. the ram was sacrificed for the ordination; blood was applied to the ear, thumb, and toe; and the hands were filled for a wave offering (Lev 8:22–29) 7. the blood and oil were sprinkled on the priests (Lev 8:30) 8. the priests ate and endured the seven-day rite of passage (Lev 8:31–36) (Ibid) Hess - The Levitical performance naturally divides into several sections: Public presentation of the priests and the items (Lev 8: 2–4), Priestly robing and anointing (Lev 8: 5–13), Purification offering (Lev 8: 14–17), Burnt offering (Lev 8: 18–21), Ordination offering (Lev 8: 22–29), Consecration (Lev 8: 30–35), Conclusion (Lev 8:36). Baker - Following the general instructions on how the ritual system of sacrifice and offering was to work (chs 1–7), there comes a section on how to prepare the personnel who would make it all happen. The best-laid plans in business or the church cannot come to adequate fruition without someone prepared and equipped to carry it all out. In the case of Israel, these trained people were the priests, the descendants of Aaron, whom God had already set aside for this job....Early in human history, people were able to bring their own gifts and offerings directly to God, building their own altars and performing the rituals themselves (e.g., Cain and Abel, Gen 4:3–4; Noah, Gen 8:20–21; Abraham, Gen 12:7–8; 22:9; Isaac, Gen 26:25; Jacob, Gen 33:20; 35:1, 3), a practice that never completely disappeared (e.g., Gideon, Jdg 6:25–27; David, 2 Sam 6:13; Elijah, 1 Kgs 18:30–38). While the involvement of individuals in the ritual process never disappeared, a special, skilled class, consisting of the priests and their assistants the Levites, took over the formal functions of the sacrificial system. Their official involvement was particularly associated with Israelite shrines, which were frequented by many worshipers and so involved numerous sacrifices (e.g., the Tabernacle in Exodus and Leviticus; Shiloh, 1 Sam 2:12–14; the Temple in Jerusalem, 2 Chr 29:20–24; DOTP 646–655; cf. 1 Kgs 12:31–32). (Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy Cornerstone Biblical Commentary- David W. Baker, Dale A. Brueggemann, Eugene H. Merrill, Philip W. Comfort)