Levítico 5

Levítico 5

Chart from recommended resource Jensen's Survey of the OT - used by permission Another Overview Chart of Leviticus - Charles Swindoll A third Overview Chart of Leviticus LEVITICUS THE BOOK OF SANCTIFICATION AND WORSHIP Adapted and modified from C. Swindoll Leviticus 1-17 Leviticus 18-27 The Way to God Access The Walk with God Lifestyle The Approach: Offerings Practical Guidelines The Representative: Priest Chronological Observances The Laws: Cleansing Physically & Spiritually Severe Consequences Verbal promises Ritual for Worship Worshipping a Holy God Practical for Walking Living a Holy Life Location: Mt Sinai for one full year Theme: How sinful humanity can approach and worship a holy God Key Verses: Lev 17:11, 19:2, 20:7-8 Christ in Leviticus: In every sacrifice, every ritual, every feast Time: about 1446BC THE LEVITICAL OFFERINGS SUMMARIZED BURNT OFFERING GRAIN OFFERING PEACE OFFERING SIN OFFERING TRESPASS OFFERING Description 1) Sweet aroma 2) Voluntary Heb = 'olah 1) Sweet aroma 2) Voluntary Heb = minchah 1) Sweet aroma 2) Voluntary Heb = selemim 1) Non-sweet aroma 2) Compulsory Heb = chattath Aka-Purification Offering Atoning sacrifice of animals with no physical defects. The required offering varied with the situation and station of the person receiving its benefits 1) Non-sweet aroma 2) Compulsory Heb = asam Aka - Reparation or Guilt Offering Atoning sacrifice of a ram or lamb with no physical defects Scripture Lv 1:3-17-note Lv 6:8-13-note Cp Nu 15:1-16 Lv 2:1-16-note Lv 6:14-18-note Lv 7:12-13-note Cp Nu 15:17-21 Lv 3:1-17-note Lv 7:11-21-note, Lv 7:28-34-note Cp Deut 12:20-28 Lv 4:1-5:13-note Lv 6:24-30-note Cp Nu 15:22-31 Lv 5:14-6:7-note Lv 7:1-7-note Purpose Summarized IN COMMUNION WITH GOD FOR COMMUNION WITH GOD Purpose Detailed 1) To propitiate for sin in general -Lv 1:4-note 2) To signify complete dedication & consecration to God hence called the whole burnt offering. Acceptance before God for worship & service Maintenance of fellowship with God Recognition of the sovereignty of God This offering accompanied all burnt offerings. Signified homage & thanksgiving to God. Recognition of God's bountiful provision Expression of dedication, praise & thanksgiving to God Acknowledging God as the source of provision and prosperity. Celebration of peace & of God's covenant faithfulness... Generally expressed peace & fellowship between the offerer & God & thus culminated in a community meal. 1) Thank offering: express thanks for unexpected blessing or deliverance 2) Votive Offering: to express gratitude for a blessing or deliverance granted when a vow had accompanied the petition. 3) Freewill Offering: to express gratitude to God without regard to any specific blessing or deliverance. To atone for sins committed unknowingly, especially where no restitution was possible. Note Nu 15:30, 31: The sin offering was of no avail in cases of defiant rebellion against God. Confession to God for impurities and offenses Recognition of the effects of one's sins on others in the covenant community Restoration of fellowship with God To atone for sins committed in ignorance, esp where restitution was possible Confession to men for impurities and deceptions Willingness of the repentant believer to make proper restitution Consists of According to wealth: 1) Bull without blemish-Lv 1:3–9-note 2) Male sheep or goat without blemish-Lv 1:10–13-note); 3 Turtledoves or young pigeons-Lv 1:14–17-note 3) Turtledoves or young pigeons-Lv 1:14–17-note Three Types: 1) Fine flour mixed with oil and frankincense-Lv 2:1–3-note 2) Cakes made of fine flour mixed with oil and and baked an oven Lv 2:4-note, in a pan Lv 2:5-note or in a covered pan Lv 2:7-note 3) Green heads of roasted grain mixed with oil and frankincense-Lv 2:14, 15-note According to wealth: 1) From the herd, a male or female without blemish-Lv 3:1–5-note 2) From the flock, a male or female without blemish-Lv 3:6–11-note 3) From the goats-Lv 3:12–17-note Note: Minor imperfections were permitted when the peace offering was a freewill offering of a bull or a lamb-Lv 22:23 1) For the high priest, a bull without blemish-Lv 4:3–12-note 2) For the congregation, a bull without blemish-Lv 4:13–21-note 3) For a ruler, a male goat without blemish-Lv 4:22–26-note 4) For a commoner, a female goat or lamb without blemish-Lv 4:27–35-note 5) In cases of poverty, two turtledoves or two young pigeons (one for a sin offering, the other for a burnt offering) could be substituted-Lv 5:7–10-note 6) In cases of extreme poverty, fine flour could be substituted-Lv 5:11–13-note; cp Heb. 9:22-note 1) If the offense was against the Lord (tithes, offerings, etc), a ram w/o blemish was offered; restitution was reckoned according to the priest's estimate of the value of the trespass + 20% (Lv 5:15-16-note) 2) If the offense were against man, a ram w/o blemish was offered, restitution reckoned according to the priest's estimate + 20% (Lv 6:4-6-note) God's Portion Entirety burned on the altar of burnt offering-Lv 1:9-note except the skin-Lv 7:8-note Memorial portion burned on the altar of burnt offering-Lv 2:2, 9, 16-note Fatty portions burned on the altar of burnt offering-Lv 3:3–5-note 1) Fatty portions to be burned on the altar of burnt offering Lv 4:8–10-note, Lv 4:19. 26-note, Lev 4:31, 35-note 2) When the sin offering was for the high priest or congregation, the remainder of the bull was to be burned outside the camp-Lv 4:11, 12-note, Lev 4:20, 21-note Fat burned on altar of burnt offering-Lev 7:3-5-note Priests Portion Skin only-Lv 7:8-note Remainder eaten in court of tabernacle-Lv 2:3, 10-note, Lev 6:16-18-note, Lv 7:14-15-note Breast (wave offering) & right thigh (heave offering)-Lv 7:30-34-note Remainder eaten in holy place-Lv 7:6-7-note Offerer's Portion None None Remainder to be eaten in the court by the offerer & family 1) Thank offering = eaten same day-Lv 7:15-note None None The Christian Consecration Service Fellowship Redemption for the sinner that he is Redemption for the sinner he commits Christ He presented Himself to the Father to do His will He served His Father and men as Son of Man He is the common bond of fellowship between God & man He atoned for the guilt of sin He atoned for the damage of sin. Prophetic Significance Signifies complete dedication of life to God 1) On part of Christ-Mt 26:39-44, Mk 14:36, Lk 22:42, Php 2:5-11-note 2) On part of believer-Ro 12:1-2-note, Heb 13:15-note Signifies perfect humanity of Christ: 1) Absence of leaven ~ sinlessness of Christ-He 4:15-note, 1Jn 3:5 2) The presence of oil is emblematic of the Holy Spirit-Lk 4:18; 1Jn 2:20-note, 1Jn 2:27-note Shadow of the peace believer has through Christ-Ro 5:1-2-note, 1Cor 10:16-18, 11:17-34, Col 1:20-note NB: Only offering in which offerer shared Thank Offering: 1Th 5:18-note Heb 13:15-note Prefigures fact that Christ's death... 1) Was made sin for us - 2Cor 5:20-21-note 2) He suffered outside the gate - Heb 13:11-13-note Cp Lv 4:3-note, 1Ti 5:20 Cp Lv 4:27-note, 1Cor 8:9-13 Cp Lv 5:5-note, 1Jn 1:9-note See Heb 9:22-note Shadow of Christ as our Trespass offering - Col 2:13-note Cp Lv 5:15-note, Lv 22:14-16 Cp Lv 6:2-5-note, Eph 4:25-32, Jas 5:16 Adapted from Believer's Bible Commentary & Irving Jensen OUTLINE OF THE SIN OFFERING 1. The second utterance of Jehovah (Leviticus 4:1-2) 2. The sin offering for the high priest (Leviticus 4:3-12) 3. The sin offering for the congregation (Leviticus 4:13-21) 4. The sin offering for the ruler (Leviticus 4:22-26) 5. The sin offering for one of the common people (Leviticus 4:27-35) 6. The sin offering for special inadvertent offences (Leviticus 5:1-13) (A C Gaebelein) OUTLINE OF THE SIN OFFERING Introduction to Sin Offering (Lev 4:1–2), Sin Offering for Inadvertent Sin of High Priest (Lev 4:3–12), Sin Offering for Inadvertent Sin of Congregation (Lev 4:13–21), Sin Offering for Inadvertent Sin of Ruler (Lev 4:22–26), Sin Offering for Inadvertent Sin of Individual (Lev 4:27–35), Sin Offering for Specific Inadvertent Offenses (Lev 5:1–13). (Rooker) SIN OFFERINGS FOR INADVERTENT SIN (Lev 4) and SINS OF OMISSION (Lev 5:1-13) Inadvertent sin Leviticus 4 Blood sprinkled in the holy place Leviticus 4:3-21 Blood smeared on the brazen altar Leviticus 4:22-35 For the ordinary Israelite offering a goat Leviticus 4:27-31 For the ordinary Israelite offering a lamb Leviticus 4:32-35 A flour offering Leviticus 5:11-13 (Constable) Purification Offerings Lev 4:1-35 for inadvertent sin Lev 4:2 general introduction (introductory words) Lev 4:3-21 blood sprinkled in the holy place Lev 4:3-12 for the high priest Lev 4:13-21 for the whole congregation Lev 4:22-35 blood smeared on the main altar Lev 4:22-26 for the tribal leader Lev 4:27-31 for an ordinary person offering a goat Lev 4:32-35 for an ordinary person offering a lamb Lev 5:1-13 for sins of omission Lev 5:1-6 offering—lamb or goat Lev 5:7-10 offering—birds Lev 5:11-13 offering—flour (Wenham) William Barrick - Section Outline I. Sacrificial System (Leviticus 1–7) A. Prescript (Lev 1:1-2) B. The Burnt Offerings (Lev 1:3-17; 6:8-13) C. The Grain Offerings (Lev 2:1-16; 6:14-23) D. The Peace Offerings (Lev 3:1-17; 7:11-36) E. The Sin Offerings (Lev 4:1–5:13; 6:24-30) F. The Guilt Offerings (Lev 5:14–6:7; 7:1-10) G. Postscript (Lev 7:37-38) Message of Leviticus 1–7: Good news! God has provided a means for sinners to be accepted and to enter His presence. 1. The Burnt Offering: 'olah (Lev 1:3-17; 6:8-13; cf. Nu 15:1-16) ♦ Acceptance before God for worship and service. ♦ Maintenance of fellowship with God. ♦ Recognition of the sovereignty of God.  See Psalm 40:6-8-note (cf. Hebrews 10:6-8-note).  See Psalm 50:7-23-note.  See Romans 3:25-note.  See 1 John 1:6-7-note. 2. The Grain/Non-Meat Offering: minchah (Lev 2:1-16; 6:14-23; cf. Nu 15:17-21) ♦ Recognition of God's bountiful provision. ♦ Expression of dedication, praise, and thanksgiving to God.  See Romans 12:1-2-note.  See Philippians 4:18-note.  See Hebrews 13:15-16-note. 3. The Peace/Fellowship Offering: selamim (Lev 3:1-17; 7:11-18; cf. Dt 12:20-28) ♦ Celebration of peace with God. ♦ Celebration of God's covenant faithfulness. ♦ Participation in the communion/fellowship of the covenant community (fellow believers).  See Romans 5:1-8-note.  See 1 Corinthians 10:16-18; 11:17-34.  See Hebrews 13:15-16-note. 4. The Sin/Purification Offering: chattat/chattath (Lev 4:1–5:13; 6:24-30; cf. Nu 15:22-31) ♦ Confession to God for impurities and offenses. ♦ Recognition of the effects of one's sins might have on others in the covenant community. ♦ Restoration to fellowship with God.  Compare Leviticus 4:3 with 1 Timothy 5:20.  Compare Leviticus 4:27 with 1 Corinthians 8:9-13.  Compare Leviticus 5:5 with 1 John 1:9-note.  See Hebrews 9:22-note.  See 1Peter 1:2-note.  See 2Corinthians 5:20-21-note.  See Hebrews 13:11-12-note. 5. The Guilt/Restitution Offering: asam (Lev 5:14–6:7; 7:1-10) ♦ Confession to men for impurities and deceptions. ♦ Willingness of the repentant believer to make proper restitution.  Compare Leviticus 5:15 with Lev 22:14-16.  Compare Leviticus 6:2-5 with Eph 4:25-32-note, James 5:16.  See Isaiah 53:10. (Source: Summary Notes from Dr William Barrick) Leviticus 5:1 'Now if a person sins after he hears a public adjuration to testify when he is a witness, whether he has seen or otherwise known, if he does not tell it, then he will bear his guilt. person - Lev 5:15,17 4:2 Eze 18:4,20 hears: Ex 22:11 Jdg 17:2 1Ki 8:31, 22:16 2Ch 18:15 Pr 29:24, 30:9 Mt 26:63 bear: Lev 5:17 7:18 17:16 19:8 20:17 Nu 9:13 Ps 38:4 Isa 53:11 1Pe 2:24 Leviticus 5 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries NET "'When a person sins in that he hears a public curse [against one who fails to testify] (these words are not in the Hebrew text but supplied to make sense of the remark about the "curse') and he is a witness (he either saw or knew what had happened) and he does not make it known, then he will bear his punishment for iniquity. NLT "If you are called to testify about something you have seen or that you know about, it is sinful to refuse to testify, and you will be punished for your sin. SIN OFFERING: SPECIFIC UNINTENTIONAL SINS (Lev 5:1-13) NET Note - Lev 5:1–13 is an additional section of sin offering regulations directed at violations other than those referred to by this expression in Lev 4:2 (see esp. Lev 5:1–6), and expanding on the offering regulations for the common person in Lev 4:27–35 with concessions to the poor common person (5:7–13). Henrietta Mears has this simple outline... Leviticus 1—Burnt Offering: "Surrender" of Christ for the world Leviticus 2—Grain Offering: "Service" of Christ in life Leviticus 3—Fellowship Offering: "Serenity" of Christ in life Leviticus 4-5:13—Sin Offering: "Substitute" of Christ for sin Leviticus 5:14-6:7—Guilt Offering: "Satisfaction" by Christ for demands of God Rob