João 21
Bruce Hurt · Citado em PreceptAustin
João 21
(John Commentaries) Charts from Jensen's Survey of the NT - used by permission Another Chart from Charles Swindoll John 21:1 After these things Jesus manifested Himself again to the disciples at the Sea of Tiberias, and He manifested Himself in this way. these: John 20:19-29 Jesus: Mt 26:32 Mt 28:7,16 Mk 16:7 the sea: John 6:1,23 Related Passages: John 6:1; 23+ After these things Jesus went away to the other side of the Sea of Galilee (or Tiberias).....23 There came other small boats from Tiberias near to the place where they ate the bread after the Lord had given thanks. Matthew 26:32+ “But after I have been raised, I will go ahead of you to Galilee.” Matthew 28:7,16+ “Go quickly and tell His disciples that He has risen from the dead; and behold, He is going ahead of you into Galilee, there you will see Him; behold, I have told you.”.....16 But the eleven disciples proceeded to Galilee, to the mountain which Jesus had designated. Mark 16:7+ “But go, tell His disciples and Peter, ‘He is going ahead of you to Galilee; there you will see Him, just as He told you.’” JESUS MANIFESTS HIMSELF AGAIN After these things - What things? The resurrection and post-resurrection appearances of Jesus and the concluding words expressing the purpose of John's Gospel (John 20:31+). NET NOTE - The time reference indicated by μετὰ ταῦτα (meta tauta) is indefinite, in comparison with the specific “after eight days” (μεθʼ ῥμέρας ὀκτώ, meth’ hēmeras oktō) between the two post-resurrection appearances of Jesus in 20:26. Jesus (Iesous) manifested (phaneroo) Himself again to the disciples (mathetes) at the Sea of Tiberias (of Galilee) - Jesus manifested (phaneroo) Himself again as He had manifested Himself in the locked room (Jn 20:19-29). The resurrected Lord became visible and caused Himself to be known to the disciples in Galilee. Note the adverb again (palin) means in this context means "once more," after His appearances to them in John 20. In His previous post-resurrection appearances, human eyesight was insufficient to see the glorious resurrected Lord and He had to supernaturally enable men to see Him (e.g., Jn 20:14, 15,16+, Lk 24:13-15, 16+). Recall that Jesus had told His disciples "after I have been raised, I will go before you to Galilee." (Mt 26:32) And on resurrection day the angel had informed Mary Magdalene to "tell His disciples that He has risen from the dead; and behold, He is going before you into Galilee, there you will see Him." (Mt 28:7). So now we find the disciples (at least 7 of the 11 disciples) in Galilee. However they were on the sea and not on the mountain that Jesus had designated (Mt 28:16). Sea of Tiberias- called also the Sea of Galilee and of Gennesaret. In the Old Testament it is called the Sea of Chinnereth or Chinneroth. John (Jn 21:1) is the only evangelist who so designates this lake. His doing so incidentally confirms the opinion that he wrote after the other evangelists, and at a period subsequent to the taking of Jerusalem (A.D. 70). Tiberias had by this time become an important city, having been spared by the Romans, and made the capital of the province when Jerusalem was destroyed. It thus naturally gave its name to the lake. And He manifested (phaneroo) Himself in this way - John proceeds to tell the way in which the resurrected Christ became known to the 7 disciples who were fishing. Related Resources: What is the significance of the Sea of Galilee in the Bible Manifested (disclosed, revealed) (5319) phaneroo from phanerós = manifest, visible, conspicuous in turn from phaino = give light; become visible in turn from phos = light) is literally "to bring to light" and primarily means "to make visible" or to cause to become visible. The basic meaning of phaneroo is to make known, to clearly reveal, to manifest (see Vine's below), to cause to be seen or to make something clear. BDAG (borrow) summarized - 1, to cause to become visible, reveal, expose publicly (w. relatively more focus on the sensory aspect than on the cognitive 2. to cause to become known, disclose, show, make known Liddell-Scott - to make manifest, N.T. II. to make known or famous:-Pass. to become so, Hdt. The invisible God Who in the Person of His Son was made visible to human eyesight by assuming a human body and human limitations. PHANEROO - 43V - appear(1), appeared(6), appears(3), become visible(1), becomes visible(1), disclose(1), disclosed(1), displayed(1), made...evident(2), made known(1), made manifest(2), make...clear(1), manifested(18), manifests(1), revealed(7), show(1), shown(1). Mk. 4:22; Mk. 16:12; Mk. 16:14; Jn. 1:31; Jn. 2:11; Jn. 3:21; Jn. 7:4; Jn. 9:3; Jn. 17:6; Jn. 21:1; Jn. 21:14; Rom. 1:19; Rom. 3:21; Rom. 16:26; 1 Co. 4:5; 2 Co. 2:14; 2 Co. 3:3; 2 Co. 4:10; 2 Co. 4:11; 2 Co. 5:10; 2 Co. 5:11; 2 Co. 7:12; 2 Co. 11:6; Eph. 5:13; Col. 1:26; Col. 3:4; Col. 4:4; 1 Tim. 3:16; 2 Tim. 1:10; Tit. 1:3; Heb. 9:8; Heb. 9:26; 1 Pet. 1:20; 1 Pet. 5:4; 1 Jn. 1:2; 1 Jn. 2:19; 1 Jn. 2:28; 1 Jn. 3:2; 1 Jn. 3:5; 1 Jn. 3:8; 1 Jn. 4:9; Rev. 3:18; Rev. 15:4 Disciples (3101) mathetes from manthano = to learn which Vine says is "from a root math, indicating thought accompanied by endeavor". Gives us our English = "mathematics" - see matheteuo) describes a person who learns from another by instruction, whether formal or informal. Another sources says mathetes is from from math- which speaks of "mental effort that thinks something through" and thus describes is a learner; a follower who learns the doctrines and the lifestyle of the one they follow. Discipleship includes the idea of one who intentionally learns by inquiry and observation (cf inductive Bible study) and thus mathetes is more than a mere pupil. A mathetes describes an adherent of a teacher. As discussed below mathetes itself has no spiritual connotation, and it is used of superficial followers of Jesus as well as of genuine believers. The Lord calls everyone to grow as a disciple (a learner of Christ; cf. also Mt 11:29,30+), one who lives in faith, who lives in and by His Word in the power of the Holy Spirit. Note in the Great Commission that the implication is that the disciple is not just a hearer and a learner from another, but is a doer of what he learns for Mt 28:20+ says "teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” As followers of Jesus we are to be, first of all, learners. We are to learn from Him by listening to Him, learn the truth that will set us free (John 8:32+) and keep us from error.
João 21:15-25
John 21:15 So when they had finished breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon, son of John, do you love Me more than these?" He said to Him, "Yes, Lord; You know that I love You." He *said to him, "Tend My lambs." 16 He said to him again a second time, "Simon, son of John, do you love Me?" He said to Him, "Yes, Lord; You know that I love You." He *said to him, "Shepherd My sheep ." 17 He said to him the third time, "Simon, son of John, do you love Me?" Peter was grieved because He said to him the third time, "Do you love Me?" And he said to Him, "Lord, You know all things; You know that I love You." Jesus *said to him, "Tend My sheep . 18 "Truly, truly, I say to you, when you were younger, you used to gird yourself and walk wherever you wished; but when you grow old, you will stretch out your hands and someone else will gird you, and bring you where you do not wish to go." 19 Now this He said, signifying by what kind of death he would glorify God. And when He had spoken this, He *said to him, "Follow Me!" 20 Peter, turning around, saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following them; the one who also had leaned back on His bosom at the supper and said, "Lord, who is the one who betrays You?" 21 So Peter seeing him said to Jesus, "Lord, and what about this man?" 22 Jesus said to him, "If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you? You follow Me!" 23 Therefore this saying went out among the brethren that that disciple would not die; yet Jesus did not say to him that he would not die, but only, "If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you?" 24 This is the disciple who is testifying to these things and wrote these things, and we know that his testimony is true. 25 And there are also many other things which Jesus did, which if they were written in detail, I suppose that even the world itself would not contain the books that would be written. (NASB: Lockman) **Note: Verbs in red are imperative (all are present imperative = make this your habitual practice; your lifestyle) John 21:15 So when they had finished breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon, son of John, do you love Me more than these?" He said to Him, "Yes, Lord; You know that I love You." He said to him, " Tend My lambs.": son of: Jn 21:16,17 1:42, Jona, Mt 16:17, Bar-jona Do you love: Jn 8:42 14:15-24 16:27 Mt 10:37 25:34-45 1Co 16:21,22 2Co 5:14,15 Ga 5:6 Eph 6:24 1Pe 1:8 1Jn 4:19 5:1 more: Jn 21:7 Mt 26:33,35 Mk 14:29 You know: Jn 21:17 2Sa 7:20 2Ki 20:3 Heb 4:13 Rev 2:23 Feed: Ps 78:70-72 Jer 3:15 23:4 Eze 34:2-10,23 Ac 20:28 1Ti 4:15,16 Heb 13:20 1Pe 2:25 5:1-4 lambs: Ge 33:13 Isa 40:11 Mt 18:10,11 Lk 22:32 Ro 14:1 15:1 1Co 3:1-3 8:11 Eph 4:14 Heb 12:12,13 1Pe 2:2 John 21 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries PETER'S RESTORATION John MacArthur gives us the context for the following dialogue between Jesus and Peter… since his denials were public knowledge, he needed to be publicly restored. The other disciples needed to hear Peter’s reaffirmation of his love for Christ and Christ’s recommissioning of him, so they would be willing to loyally support his leadership. As soon as they had finished breakfast (cf. Jn 21:12,13), Jesus initiated the restoration by confronting Peter. (MacArthur, J: John 12-21. Chicago: Moody Press) John Montgomery Boice (source of the "title" above) has a superb, practical introduction to this concluding section of John's Gospel… If each of us knew how sinful we really are, we would not be so shocked or subdued by our failures. But most of us do not know the depths of our own depravity. So we are shocked, particularly by a fall into serious moral sin or by our surprising ability to deny Jesus Christ. When we sin in such ways, it is a tactic of the devil to argue that, having sinned, we have forfeited our chance for a successful and happy Christian life and that we might as well go on sinning. Like most of the devil’s statements this is untrue. Though we sin, we have nevertheless not forfeited our chances for a full Christian life, nor dare we go on sinning. Instead, the Christian way is that of repentance and restoration. This is the point of the story of Peter’s restoration by Jesus in John 21. Peter had failed the Lord in his hour of apparent need. He had abandoned him and had compounded his cowardice by a threefold denial that he had ever known him. Yet Jesus loved Peter, and Peter knew that he loved Jesus. To understand the story of Peter’s restoration we need to understand something about Peter’s fall. Its cause was self-confidence… (Boice, J. M. The Gospel of John: An Expositional Commentary. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books) Ed: See Jesus' command to the 12 - Jn 13:34, prompting Peter to declare Jn 13:37 to which Jesus replied Jn 13:38, and on the way to the Garden of Gethsemane Peter's self-confidence again came through - Mt 26:33 rebutted by Jesus Mt 26:34 prompting Peter to respond Mt 26:35! APPLICATION QUESTIONS Note: These application points are not in order (they don't necessarily go from verse 15 to verse 25). Some of the points of application overlap. • Peter was grieved by the Lord's third question - Have you ever felt grief and pain like Peter felt, a pain directed by the Lord to the very core of your being, deep down in the most sensitive area of your life? • How does Jesus speak to our heart today? The Word of God ("reproof, correction," etc) • The probable meaning of what Jesus meant by “more than these” is discussed below. We could apply this question by personalizing it and asking “Who (what) do I love more than Jesus?” • One lesson which our Lord teaches us here by His own example is, that we ought to take great pains in rebuking a friend for his fault (referring to Peter's denial). (Broadus) • Jesus' piercing questions to Peter's surely are applicable to each of us today -- Jesus might ask this same question of each of us. Simply put, do you love the Lord Jesus Christ? Do you love Him? How do you know? Jesus said "if you love (agapao) Me, you will (not "might") keep My commandments" (Jn 14:15) Those who claim assurance yet have no desire to go on in obedience to the command of Christ are still dead in their sins. "He who has My commandments and keeps them, he it is who loves Me; and he who loves Me shall be loved by My Father, and I will love him, and will disclose (emphanizo = manifest openly, allowing Himself to be intimately known and understood) Myself to him." (Jn 14:21 cp Jn 14:23, 24, Jn 15:10) • Have you like Peter "failed to stand by your Lord" at some moment of crisis? Perhaps you think you have sinned against Him so horribly that He would never forgive you. Are you in need of restoration of fellowship with Jesus? Then Peter's story in John 21 is your story. Observe the Master's restoring touch in this section. Note especially the absence of harsh censure (Words like "I told you so!", "How could you do that to Me Peter?", etc). • Beware of spiritual self-confidence; self-righteous; believing you’re spiritually stronger or more devoted. Or because you’ve been on a missions trip; because you go door to door and evangelize; because you don’t own a TV set; because you drive a “humble mobile” Beware! (Brian Bell) • Before we are sent for service, the Lord Jesus wants to ask us one question "Do you love Me?" When we can answer this question affirmatively without hesitation or equivocation, we are ready to hear His call to service. • Are you motivated by love for Christ? What will keep you serving the Lord when the going gets tough? Although you may be sensitive to the needs of others, that alone isn’t enough. Nor should we be driven by a need that we have—a desire to be appreciated or loved by others. Our needs are deep, and only God can satisfy them. The more we try to satisfy them with anything else—even God’s work—the more dissatisfied we will become. In short, even love for God’s people, His sheep, won’t keep us going, because "sheep" can often be unlovable and insufferable and we may come to resent them. Oswald Chambers wrote “If we are devoted to the cause of humanity, we shall soon be crushed and brokenhearted,… but if our motive is to love of Christ, no ingratitude can hinder us from serving our fellowmen.” (Cp Paul's great motive for service - 2Co 5:14-note ) • Do you have John's way of viewing your Christian life? John 21:20 gives us one of the deepest truths of Christian life, one of the great secrets of Christian peace, an essential quality of faith: that our hope does not rest in our love for Christ--but in His love for us. People are often discouraged when they find in themselves so little that is good and beautiful. They cannot see that they love Christ any more this year, than they did last. They do not find in themselves the beautiful fruits of the Spirit which they wish they could find. But there is another way to look at our lives, which gives us more hope. It is John's way--not our love for Christ--but Christ's love for us! (J. R. Miller) • We too like the early disciples are to be fishers of men - Are you engaged in winsome evangelism with friends, family, co-workers? If some have become believers (little lambs), are you seeking to shepherd them - feeding, guiding, protecting, as they take their first steps on yet slightly wobbly spiritual legs? While doubtless this charge speaks primarily to pastors, there is surely personal application for all followers of Christ, because Jesus' last command was to make disciples (learners) (Mt 28:18, 19, 20). Are you heeding our Chief Shepherd's call? • Does your spiritual service proceed from your love and devotion to Christ? Love of Christ should always be the primary motivation for our service. Or are you placing service to Christ ahead of love to Christ? (See Oswald Chambers Devotional) • Aren't we all a lot like Peter in Jn 21:21 asking "What about this man?" It is so easy to let our relationship with the Lord be overly influenced by the behavior and experiences of others. But we must not be concerned with what God has planned for anyone else. Through the conflicting voices that surround us, we must keep hearing the Savior’s clear command: “You follow Me.” Are you fixing your eyes on Jesus or on His work in and through other saints? The former focus will assure a race well done, while the latter focus often leads to frustration, envy, jealousy and failure to finish your (own, not someone else's) race. • Take a moment to express your love to Jesus by playing (and singing) the beautiful old Maranatha chorus I Love You Lord • Lesson from Jn 21:21, 22 - Resentment comes from looking at others. Contentment comes from looking to Jesus. • What is the word for the church from Jn 21:15-17? Love Christ! We, as a church, must move beyond the phileo love that says, "I am fond of you, I live you like a brother", and must come to the place where we love the Lord with a genuine agape love. That is, we need a self-sacrificing, self-denying, unconditional, unchanging, unending love for Christ that pervades every area of our lives. When we come to this point, Mt 22:39 will pose no problems for us. Then we will be in a place to demonstrate to the lost world around us that Jesus is all that He claims to be - John 13:35 (Alan Carr) • When you read the Words of Jesus and hear Him asking "Do you love Me?" how do you answer? 'Jesus, I admire You. Jesus, I think you are fascinating. Jesus, I have a great respect for You'? Or can you say with Peter, 'Lord, you know what is in my heart, You know that I love You'? • Many can identify with Peter over their own sense of spiritual faltering and falling. How many have made good confessions, committed to firm resolutions of faithfulness, then have fallen into sin, spiritual coldness, and barrenness? How often have we done the very thing we said that we would not do in terms of spiritual commitment? The encouragement for all of us in this passage is that there is mercy with the Lord! He alone can restore the fallen to usefulness… The most striking element of this whole scene is that we see Jesus Christ pursuing the fallen. You make think "He would never pursue me." Then you don't understand the loving heart of Jesus to continually seek those who deny Him with their thoughts, words and actions… people just like Peter! (Phil Newton - The Fallen Restored) • To follow (akoloutheo Jn 21:19, 20) is intimately linked to the life and ministry of Jesus. Indeed, He is the only One we should follow. Who are you following? A pastor, a sports hero, a famous writer, a successful relative, etc? May God grant us wisdom and grace that by His Spirit we may follow Jesus all the days of our life and unto a death that glorifies His Holy Name. Amen • Have you heard and heeded Jesus' command "Follow Me?" Do you understand what it means to follow Jesus? Jesus' call to follow Him is in essence His call to be His disciple. (Study the verb "follow" in the Gospels - Mt 4:19, Mk 1:17, Mt 8:19, 20, 21, Mt 9:9, Lk 5:27, 28, Mt 10:37, 38, 39; Mt 16:24, 25, 26; Mk 8:34, 35, 36, 37, 38; Mt 19:21, 22, 23, 24; Lk 9:23, 24, 25, 26; Lk 9:59, 60, 61, 62; Lk 18:22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27; Jn 10:4, 5, 27; Jn 12:26 • "Follow Me" are not the last words of Jesus before His ascension (see Acts 1:7, 8) but they are Jesus' last words in the Gospel of John (Jn 21:22). It is interesting that Jesus issued the same command (Follow Me) at the beginning of this Gospel (Jn 1:43). Clearly Jesus wants us to remember that being a Christian is not just believing in Him in an abstract sense, but that it constitutes believing in the Person of Jesus to the point that we turn our back on all else and choose to follow Him all the days of our life! Feed My Sheep (click to enlarge) Background: Matthew records Simon Peter's first sea side encounter with Jesus, a memory which Peter surely must have recollected… And walking by the Sea of Galilee, He saw two brothers, Simon who was called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea; for they were fishermen. And He said to them, "Follow Me, and I will make you fishers of men. And they immediately left the nets, and followed Him. (Mt 4:18, 19, 20) Comment: Imagine Peter's thoughts - This same seaside is where Jesus called Peter to follow Him. And he had left all to follow Him. And then he had declared his "unshakeable" loyalty. But then he failed and denied Him three times. And now he was back where he had began the journey with Jesus. Was this the end of the journey for Peter? Would He ever accept Peter? Would He ever forgive Peter? Could He ever use a failure like Peter? If we have followed Jesus for more than a few years, these are questions we've all probably mulled over in our mind at one time or another, which is why this personal, poignant interaction between Jesus and Peter is so powerful and so pertinent to our lives -- because we have all failed our Lord in one way or another and our failure has left us downcast and grieved in spirit. Go back and read the questions in green, this time substituting your name for Peter's! Son of the living God! Oh, call us Once and again to follow Thee; And give us strength, whate’er befall us, Thy true disciples still to be. —Martin Jesus calls us to follow Him— and repeats His call when necessary! PROPHECY & PRAYER FOR PETER'S FAITH Recall that Jesus had prophesied of Peter's fall in Luke 22, but He also prophesied His return and that is part of what Jesus is doing now in this interchange with Peter… Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has demanded permission to sift you like wheat; 32 but I have prayed for you (singular pronoun), that your faith may not fail; and you, when once you have turned again, strengthen (sterizo in the aorist imperative = command issued with a sense of urgency) your brothers (Note: Once he had been emptied of his self-confidence)." (Lk 22:31, 32) Luke records Peter's denial of Christ… And having arrested Him (Jesus), they led Him away, and brought Him to the house of the high priest (Caiaphas); but Peter was following at a distance (Ed: All backsliding begins this way - instead of staying close to Jesus, we begin to follow from afar! We don't read the Word as often we once did. We seldom pray, etc. Do you need to rekindle the flame?) And after they had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and had sat down together, Peter was sitting among them. And a certain servant-girl, seeing him as he sat in the firelight, and looking intently at him, said, "This man was with Him too." But he denied it, saying, "Woman, I do not know Him." And a little later, another saw him and said, "You are one of them too!" But Peter said, "Man, I am not!" And after about an hour had passed, another man began to insist, saying, "Certainly this man also was with Him, for he is a Galilean too." But Peter said, "Man, I do not know what you are talking about." And immediately, while he was still speaking, a cock crowed. And the Lord turned and looked (Not just a passing, chance look for the Greek verb = emblepo = to turn one's eyes on, to look straight at someone, to look in the face, to fix one's gaze upon, to look at someone directly and intently) at Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how He had told him, "Before a cock crows today, you will deny Me three times." And he went out and wept bitterly (Ed: And so it is with every true child of God who walks away from the perfect will of God. Gone is the sense of God's presence, the peace of God and the power of God! Sin will make you miserable, and if it doesn’t, then you probably aren’t saved, Heb. 12:8-note!) (Lk 22:54, 55, 60, 61,62) Comment: So Peter who had claimed extreme devotion to Jesus (Jn 13:36, 37), denies Him when the "chips were down." Peter's failure emphasizes that the best marker of genuine love is not our words but our obedience (cp Jn 14:15, 2Jn 1:6). Peter's weeping marks the beginning of his return to restoration. The way back to God begins with a broken heart. God's forgiveness always comes with another chance. Preacher George Duncan said, “I don’t think many church-vacancy committees would have considered Peter a suitable candidate for a church!” Duncan pointed out that at Pentecost, however, God chose Peter to deliver the most vital sermon in church history. “It would seem,” Duncan said, “that some Christians have a message of forgiveness for the unbeliever, but no message of forgiveness for the believer. I’m glad that God does!” Because of that forgiveness, a new day of service dawned for Peter. We’re thankful, Lord, that when we fall We can begin anew If humbly we confess our sin, Then turn and follow You. —Sper In this last half of John 21, Jesus changes His metaphorical (figurative) description of His disciples from fishermen (think evangelism) to shepherds (think pastor/equipper/teacher) Alan Carr describes Jn 21:15-17… In these verses, we find the Lord Jesus re-commissioning Simon Peter for service. I am sure that Peter felt that his work and ministry was forever gone, but Jesus came to call him back into the fight! This was a time of unique fellowship and restoration between Jesus and Simon Peter. In these few verses, Jesus freed Peter from the bondage of his sin and failure and set him back about the business of serving the Lord and His church. The same will be true for every backslidden child of God who returns to the Father’s house today. Not only will He forgive your sins, but He can restore you to a place of service for His glory. He will put you back on the battle field. He longs to meet with you today and to put you back into that place of service. You still have a Friend in Jesus regardless of how far you have fallen! (Tender Moment) G Campbell Morgan… Feed My Lambs… Tend My sheep… Feed My sheep. John 21:15, 16, 17 These words constitute our Lord's final commission to Peter, and as Peter stands ever before us as the representative man, the words were spoken through him to the Church. We need to rescue these words from an altogether too narrow interpretation. It has been said that, on the shores of the lake in the flush of the early morning, Jesus handed Peter the crozier, the staff of the pastoral office, and thus entrusted to him the oversight of the saints of God. This is undoubtedly true, but the whole truth is more than this. That narrow view of our Lord's meaning is due largely to the fact that our minds are obsessed almost by one particular utterance of our Lord, in which He drew a clear and sharp distinction between sheep and goats. It is well to remember that Christ only once made such distinction. (G. Campbell