Deuteronômio 30

Deuteronômio 30

Moses on Mt Nebo (Deuteronomy 34:1+) Listen to Mt Nebo as you Ponder How Moses' May Have Felt Deuteronomy by Irving Jensen- used by permission Source: Ryrie Study Bible Deuteronomy Dt 1:1-4:43 Dt 4:44-26:19 Dt 27:1-34:12 Moses' First Discourse Moses' Second Discourse Moses' Third Discourse Historical Review Legal Exposition Prophetical Promises Looking Back 40 Years Looking Up What God Expected of Israel Looking Ahead What God Will Do for Israel Recapitulation of Wanderings Rehearsal of Israel's Law Ratification of Israel's Covenant Historical Appendices Remembrance of the past Commandments for the Present Dt 27:1-30:20 Blessing and Cursing Dt 31:1-34:12 Death of Moses Take Heed Don't forget Ten Commands Related Commands Two Choices Affecting the Future Moses' Parting Words Dt 1:1-4:43 Looking Back Dt 4:44-11:32 Exposition of Decalogue Dt 12:1-16:17 Ceremonial Laws Dt 16:18-20:20 Civil Laws Dt 21:1-26:19 Social Laws Dt 27:1-28:68 Ratification of Covenant Dt 29:1-30:20 Terms of Covenant Dt 31:1-34:12 Moses' Song, Blessing, Death Plains of Moab ca. 2 Months Moses: Author (Except Dt 34) Deuteronomy 30:1 "So it shall be when all of these things have come upon you, the blessing and the curse which I have set before you, and you call them to mind in all nations where the LORD your God has banished you, KJV - And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thee, and thou shalt call them to mind among all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath driven thee, So it shall be Dt 4:30; Leviticus 26:40-46 he blessing and the curse Dt 30:15,19; 11:26-28; 27:1-28; 29:18-23; Leviticus 26:1-46 you call them to mind Dt 4:29; 1 Kings 8:47,48; Isaiah 46:8; Ezekiel 18:28; Luke 15:17 where Genesis 4:14; Jeremiah 8:3 Deuteronomy 30 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries The Strong Appeal and Hope of the Covenant: Restoration—Repentance and Forgiveness, Deut 30:1-20. The conditions of the covenant (Deut 30:1-2). The promises of the covenant: restoration—forgiveness and acceptance (Deut 30:3-10). The appeal of the covenant: the call to love and obey the Lord (Deut 30:11-16). The final warning against breaking the covenant (Deut 30:17-18). The final appeal to accept the covenant (Deut 30:19-20). (Preacher's Outline and Sermon Bible) Jack Deere's outline of Deuteronomy 30 Promised blessings after Israel’s repentance (Dt 30:1–10) RESTORATION TO THE PROMISED LAND (Dt 30:1–5) THE PROMISE OF A NEW HEART AND ABUNDANT PROSPERITY (Dt 30:6–10) A concluding charge to choose life (Dt 30:11–20) THE CLARITY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF THE LAW (Dt 30:11–14) OBEDIENCE BRINGS LIFE (Dt 30:15–20) (See Bible Knowledge Commentary for all comments on Deuteronomy). John Hannah's Outline: (excellent resource) The third discourse: ratification of the covenant (Deut 27:1-30:20) The establishment of the law (Deut 27:1-26) The setting up of the law in the land (Deut 27:1-8) The benefit of covenant relationship (Deut 27:9-10) The declaration of Israel's commitment (Deut 27:11-26) The responsibility of keeping the law (Deut 28:1-68) The blessings for obedience (Deut 28:1-14) The curses for disobedience (Deut 28:15-68) The renewal of the covenant (Deut 29:1-30:20) Introduction (Deut 29:1-9) The summons to enter into the covenant (Deut 29:10-13) The seriousness of adherence to the covenant (Deut 29:14-29) The ultimate fulfillment of the covenant (Deut 30:1-10) The promise of dispersion (Deut 30:1) The promise of national repentance (Deut 30:2) The promise of return to the land (Deut 30:3-5) The promise of conversion (Deut 30:6) The promise of judgment on Israel's enemies (Deut 30:7) The promise of blessing (Deut 30:8-10) The appeal of commitment to the covenant (Deut 30:11-20) CHOICE SET BEFORE ISRAEL AND EVERYONE! Eugene Merrill has an interesting thought regarding the context of the truth in Dt 30:1-10 - The previous passage (Dt 29:16–29) ended with the proverbial aphorism about the secret things of the Lord (Dt 29:29), a secret about to be clarified in the present text. How Israel could be deported from the land and the very earth itself left desiccated and barren, on the one hand, and how the promises of God for Israel's eternal ongoing could continue in effect, on the other hand, now finds resolution. It lies in Israel's repentance and restoration. It was in this sense that “the things revealed belong to us and to our children forever” (Dt 29:29). What the nations could not understand on the basis of empirical historical evidence Israel could understand on the basis of God's covenant promises. (New American Commentary – Volume 4: Deuteronomy.) Cornerstone Biblical Commentary – The "secrets" of the previous verse (Dt 29:29) will remain so no longer, because in Dt 30:1-10 Moses reconciles the apparent contradiction between God's unconditional promise that Israel will forever be his people with the possibility that its favored status can be forfeited by her covenant defection. Should that defection occur and the nation experience God's curses—including deportation—they will be able to return (shub/sub, "repent") to Yahweh in full and complete renewal of faith and commitment (Dt 30:1-2). Reformation Study Bible - Anticipating the real possibility of judgment and exile for Israel, Moses looks beyond the time of judgment to Israel’s future repentance, restoration, and divine blessing. Significantly, this future blessing will include deliverance from slavery to sin. Moses’ reference to the circumcision of the “heart” (v. 6; cf. 10:16) is foundational for the later prophetic expectation (Jer. 31:31–34; Ezek. 36:25–27), and finds fulfillment in the New Testament (Rom. 2:29). COMMENT - I disagree that this prophecy finds complete fulfillment in Ro 2:29 -- context is king in interpretation and the question posed by the context is has Israel returned to the LORD to obey Him with all their heart and soul? That is almost a rhetorical question because clearly the nation continues for the most part to exist in unbelief in their Messiah. I do however joyfully concur with the statement "Israel’s future repentance, restoration, and divine blessing" The point is that it is just that YET FUTURE as even this resource recognizes! So it shall be when all of these things have come upon you - Note not "IF" but "WHEN" so this is a prophecy and it is related to obedience. The NET Bible has "When you have experienced all these things, both the blessings and the curses I have set before you, you will reflect upon them in all the nations where the LORD your God has banished you." Notice that this statement by Moses clearly anticipates (? prophesies) that Israel will indeed break her covenant with Yahweh, and this is indeed what came to pass. In other words it does not say IF but WHEN, for these things will transpire in God's perfect timing. This (when all of these things) is a very important expression of time. Clearly it begs the question "When is WHEN?" Moses explains that this time is when ALL THESE THINGS have come about, and then explains that all these things are "the blessing and the curse which I have set before you.' NLT In the future, when you experience all these blessings and curses I have listed for you, and when you are living among the nations to which the LORD your God has exiled you, take to heart all these instructions. While one might propose that there was a partial fulfillment when the remnant of Judah returned after 70 years of exile in Babylon, this would not fulfill Moses' description, for even after 70 years of discipline from God, Israel still did not not obey Him with a whole heart. And so this prophecy awaits a final fulfillment that is yet future and will occur at the end of this age, at the terminus of the Great Tribulation (cf Mt 24:15+ and Mt 24:21+), the time of Jacob's trouble described in the book of Jeremiah, in the section often referred to as "The Book of Consolation" (Jeremiah 30-33), where we see God's promises of consolation and comfort to the disobedient nation... Alas! for that day is great, There is none like it; And it is the time of Jacob’s distress, BUT (A CRUCIAL TERM OF CONTRAST!) he will be saved from it. (Jer 30:7-commentary) You - Who is you? Clearly Moses is speaking directly to the nation of Israel, not to Gentiles and not to the Church. Don't miss that truth, or you risk misinterpreting what Moses is actually saying. Now do not misunderstand. While God is speaking to Israel through Moses, the principles regarding repentance and the need for a circumcised heart (Dt 30:6) clearly are applicable to sinners of every age whether Jew or Gentile (cf Ro 2:28-29+, Col 2:11+). Moses' earlier gave a prophecy that parallels this prophecy: WHEN (expression of time) you are in distress (Lxx = thlipsis; KJV, ESV = in tribulation) and all these things have come upon you, in the latter days (see Last Days) you will return to the LORD your God and listen to His voice. (Dt 4:30+, cf notes on Dt 4) Comment: Thlipsis is the same Greek word used by Jesus to describe the Great Tribulation in Mt 24:21+ (thlipsis megale) where Jesus warned His Jewish audience "For then there will be a great tribulation, such as has not occurred since the beginning of the world until now, nor ever will." (See Daniel's seventieth week where the last half or 3.5 years represents the Great Tribulation). The question is "When is then?" When does the alarm go off marking the beginning of this never seen before and never to be seen after Great Tribulation? As usual, it pays to check the context, and in the preceding passages (Mt 24:16-20) Jesus clearly describes a situation demanding a sense of urgency. So what is the sign that marks the beginning of this horrible time? In Mt 24:15 Jesus declared "Therefore WHEN (not IF but WHEN!) you see the ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION which was spoken of through Daniel the prophet (Da 9:27+), standing in the holy place (let the reader understand)" (Mt 24:15-see in depth analysis and commentary). Then Jesus calls for an urgent response upon seeing this sign because it was the beginning of the distress, the Great Tribulation, the "time of Jacob's trouble" (Jer 30:7+), "a time of distress such as never occurred since there was a nation until that time" (Da 12:1+). The blessing and the curse which I have set before you - Set before you is a key phrase and truth in chapter 30 (Dt 30:1, 15, 19). It is notable that the blessing and the curse are analogous to the TWO WAYS in the great opening Psalm 1:1-6+ (cf Jesus' "two ways" in Mt 7:13-14+ and Mt 7:24-27+). The context refers to the choice before Israel, but the application is that this is the choice of every person ever born - either to bear the curse ourselves or let Christ bear the curse as our Substitutionary Sacrifice! (see Gal 3:13-14+) The literal Hebrew is striking "set before your face." Imagine looking in a mirror and seeing your face disfigured and gnarled by the wages of sin! That's the picture Moses is painting (or better contrasting) - a pretty face with an ugly face so to speak! The implication is that Israel was without excuse because the contrast was striking and it was clearly revealed (cf Dt 30:11-14). They could not claim that God had never warned them. He had set it right in front of their faces! This is a picture of willful rebellion, stubborn disobedience and wanton transgression. THOUGHT - Israel knew the truth (which sets one free - cf Jn 8:32, 36 -- at least they HEARD the truth - they may not have UNDERSTOOD the truth because of their hardened heart - see Dt 29:4+) and they knew (or should have known) the reward for keeping it and the penalty for not keeping it! And yet they still did not keep it! Let's not be too hard on Israel! Is not OT Israel a picture of our fallen flesh (still present of course in believers), for we know the truth and yet we still choose to disobey! You call (shub/sub) them to mind - Literally "bring back to your heart." This refers to that future day when Israel reads (and recalls) these words and their eyes are opened (by the Spirit) to perceive and understand (contrast Dt 29:4+) what Moses was saying to Israel centuries before! Has this happened to the nation of Israel yet? There is not evidence this has yet been fulfilled. Yes, individual Jews have believed but they are only a small minority of the nation which continues in unbelief in their Messiah! Deuteronomy 4:29+ says "from there you will seek the LORD your God, and you will find Him if you search for Him with all your heart and all your soul." Israel's coming to their sense and calling these things to mind is like an answer to Habakkuk's prayer that in the midst of wrath Yahweh would remember mercy (Hab 3:2+)! And here we read of the prophetic mercy He will pour out on His "Estranged Wife" (see explanation) Israel. MacArthur on call them to mind - Literally the Hebrew reads "you bring back to your heart" or "cause to return to your heart." (cf Dt 4:39YLT = turned it back unto thy heart;" 1 Ki 8:47 = "return to their heart;" Isa 44:19 - literally - "no one returns to his heart;" Isa 46:8 "recall it to mind" is literally "return it to your heart") Moses moved to the future when curses would be over and blessings would come. At some future time, after disobedience to the Lord brought upon Israel the curses of the covenant, the people will remember that the circumstances in which they found themselves were the inevitable consequence of their disobedience, and in repentance they will return to the Lord. This repentance will lead to a wholehearted commitment of obedience to God's commandments (Dt 30:8) and the consequent end of Israel's distress (Dt 30:3). This is the ultimate salvation of Israel by faith in Christ, spoken of by Isaiah (Isa 54:4-8), Jeremiah (Jer 31:31-34+; Jer 32:37-42+), Ezekiel (Ezek 36:23-38+), Hosea (Hos 14:1-9), Joel (Joel 3:16-21+), Amos (Amos 9:11-15+), Zephaniah (Zeph 3:14-20+), Zechariah (Zech 12:10-13:9+), Malachi (Malachi 3:16-4:4+), and Paul (Ro 11:25-27). (MacArthur Study Bible) In all nations where the LORD your God has banished you - This speaks of Israel's exile from the promised land, first partially fulfilled in 722 BC (exile to Assyria) and 586 BC (exile to Babylon). Then Dt 4:27+ and Dt 28:64+ prophesy of a more widespread, global dispersion of Israel. The LORD your God - Notice that despite Israel's disobedience Yahweh continues to refer to Israel as His possession as demonstrated by the repeated refrain "the LORD YOUR God" which occurs 15 times in 11 verses in chapter 30 - Deut. 30:1; Deut. 30:2; Deut. 30:3; Deut. 30:4; Deut. 30:5; Deut. 30:6; Deut. 30:7; Deut. 30:9; Deut. 30:10; Deut. 30:16; Deut. 30:20 (compare 13x in 12v in Dt 28, 4x in 3v in Dt 29, and 6x in 6v in Dt 31) (LORD your God occurs 279 times in 239 verses in Deuteronomy, by far the most frequent use of this phrase in the Bible)