Deuteronômio 24

Deuteronômio 24

Moses on Mt Nebo (Deuteronomy 34:1+) Listen to Mt Nebo as you Ponder How Moses' May Have Felt Deuteronomy by Irving Jensen- used by permission Source: Ryrie Study Bible Deuteronomy Dt 1:1-4:43 Dt 4:44-26:19 Dt 27:1-34:12 Moses' First Discourse Moses' Second Discourse Moses' Third Discourse Historical Review Legal Exposition Prophetical Promises Looking Back 40 Years Looking Up What God Expected of Israel Looking Ahead What God Will Do for Israel Recapitulation of Wanderings Rehearsal of Israel's Law Ratification of Israel's Covenant Historical Appendices Remembrance of the past Commandments for the Present Dt 27:1-30:20 Blessing and Cursing Dt 31:1-34:12 Death of Moses Take Heed Don't forget Ten Commands Related Commands Two Choices Affecting the Future Moses' Parting Words Dt 1:1-4:43 Looking Back Dt 4:44-11:32 Exposition of Decalogue Dt 12:1-16:17 Ceremonial Laws Dt 16:18-20:20 Civil Laws Dt 21:1-26:19 Social Laws Dt 27:1-28:68 Ratification of Covenant Dt 29:1-30:20 Terms of Covenant Dt 31:1-34:12 Moses' Song, Blessing, Death Plains of Moab ca. 2 Months Moses: Author (Except Dt 34) Deuteronomy 24:1 "When a man takes a wife and marries her, and it happens that she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some indecency in her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce and puts it in her hand and sends her out from his house, takes: De 21:15 Dt 22:13 Ex 21:10 then let him: De 24:3 Jer 3:8 Mt 5:31,32 Mt 19:7-9 Mk 10:4-12 send her: De 22:19,29 Mal 2:16 Mt 1:19 Lu 16:18 1Co 7:11,12 Deuteronomy 24 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Deuteronomy 21:14 “It shall be, if you are not pleased with her, then you shall let her go wherever she wishes; but you shall certainly not sell her for money, you shall not mistreat her, because you have humbled her. Matthew 19:7-9 They said to Him, “Why then did Moses command to GIVE HER A CERTIFICATE OF DIVORCE AND SEND her AWAY?” 8 He *said to them, “Because of your hardness of heart Moses permitted you to divorce your wives; but from the beginning it has not been this way. 9 “And I say to you, whoever divorces his wife, except for immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.” Mark 10:4-12+ They said, “Moses permitted a man TO WRITE A CERTIFICATE OF DIVORCE AND SEND her AWAY.” 5 But Jesus said to them, “Because of your hardness of heart he wrote you this commandment. 6“But from the beginning of creation, God MADE THEM MALE AND FEMALE. 7 “FOR THIS REASON A MAN SHALL LEAVE HIS FATHER AND MOTHER, 8 AND THE TWO SHALL BECOME ONE FLESH; so they are no longer two, but one flesh. 9“What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate.” 10In the house the disciples began questioning Him about this again. 11 And He *said to them, “Whoever divorces his wife and marries another woman commits adultery against her; 12 and if she herself divorces her husband and marries another man, she is committing adultery.” Malachi 2:16+ “For I hate divorce,” says the LORD, the God of Israel, “and him who covers his garment with wrong,” says the LORD of hosts. “So take heed to your spirit, that you do not deal treacherously.” DIVORCE OF A WIFE BECAUSE OF INDECENCY Note that Dt 24:1-4 is not a general discussion on divorce, but a special case of divorce, remarriage, and divorce/death and remarriage to the original partner. Note also that Dt 24:1 begins with WHEN which is picked up again with THEN in Dt 24:4. This is not so much about divorce as it is an example of a "case law," which forbids the first husband from remarrying his former wife. The issue here is not divorce per se but remarriage following divorce. Pulpit Commentary suggests "These verses should be read as one continuous sentence, of which the protasis is in vers. 1-3, and the apodosis in ver. 4." When a man takes a wife and marries her, and it happens that she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some indecency (NRSV- “something objectionable" - not adultery or she would be stoned!) in her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce (lit = "letter of cutting off") and puts it in her hand and sends her out from his house - NET = "IF a man marries a woman and she does not please him because he has found something offensive in her, THEN he may draw up a divorce document, give it to her, and evict her from his house." Note the progression - marries, finds no favor, found some indecency, writes certificate of divorce, puts in her hand, sends her out. Send out means divorce, formally to her send away and no longer be in a socially recognized marriage relationship (Dt 21:14) Note this is a conditional statement that begins with IF and continues with THEN. The idea of finds no favor (Heb = chen/hen - includes ideas of grace, charm, Lxx = charis - grace) relates to the husband recognizing some existing condition as in Dt 22:14, 17 where "shameful deeds" speaks of her not being found a virgin. This passage does not institute divorce, but assumes it. As Keil says "In these verses, however, divorce is not established as a right; all that is done is, that in case of a divorce a reunion with the divorced wife is forbidden, if in the meantime she had married another man, even though the second husband had also put her away, or had died." ESVSB has an interesting note (not all commentaries agree with this and say the remarriage is forbidden to the first husband as it would constitute adultery - see Mt 5:32+ Mk 10:11+ -- Be a Berean on ESV's interesting comment) - By charging his wife with some indecency, the first husband acquired her dowry—her father’s marriage present to her—when he divorced her. Remarrying, she was given a second dowry. This example then implies that, when her second marriage ended (either through death or through more trivial grounds of divorce), she was able to keep her second dowry. The first husband is forbidden to remarry her to acquire her second dowry. This law protects the woman from exploitation by her first husband. This is the only OT law about divorce. Elsewhere divorce is presupposed (e.g., Lev. 21:7, 14; Nu 30:9). See Jesus’ comments on this law in Matt. 5:31–32. In Matt. 19:7, Pharisees defend their position on divorce by appeal to this law; Jesus, however, appeals to the creation account (Ge 1:27; 2:24) to show God’s ethical ideal. This law is a concession to hardness of hearts, preserving a minimum level of civility for the theocracy. NET NOTE on indecency - Heb “nakedness of a thing.” The Hebrew phrase עֶרְוַת דָּבָר (’ervat davar) refers here to some gross sexual impropriety (see note on “indecent” in Dt 23:14). Though the term usually has to do only with indecent exposure of the genitals, it can also include such behavior as adultery (cf. Lev 18:6–18; 20:11, 17, 20–21; Ezek 22:10; 23:29; Hos 2:10). (Deuteronomy 24)