1 Reis 7

1 Reis 7

1 Kings Commentaries Chart from recommended resource Jensen's Survey of the OT - used by permission 1 Kings Chart from Charles Swindoll THE DOWNWARD SPIRAL 1 Kings 7:1 Now Solomon was building his own house thirteen years, and he finished all his house. thirteen years: 1Ki 9:10 2Ch 8:1 Ec 2:4,5 Mt 6:33 Jerusalem in Solomon's Reign Source: ESV Global Study Bible Now Solomon was building his own house thirteen years, and he finished all his house - The obvious point is that Solomon spent 7.5 years building the Temple for Jehovah and 13 years building his own domicile! Does this suggest Solomon gave more attention to personal property than to the glory of God? Consider three things to answer this. (1) In fairness, Solomon's personal buildings included a number of public and private buildings. (2) In addition, the Temple had been planned and provided for by Solomon's father David which would have expedited the Temple project. (3) The amount of "ink" devoted to Solomon's personal property (1Ki 7:1-12) is considerably less than that devoted to description of the Temple, exterior, interior and furnishings (1Ki 6:1-38, 1Ki 7:13-51). In 1Ki 7:12 we discover that the Temple was included in a complex with Solomon's palace. In 1Ki 9:10 we learn that the building time for Temple and Palace was 20 years, or half of Solomon's 40 year reign. Click the picture above to enlarge the diagram above to see possible locations of Solomon's Palace and the Royal Complex. The ESV Note says "Solomon’s temple was Israel’s first permanent sanctuary. The temple was constructed on the top of Mount Moriah (2 Chron. 3:1+). The royal complex was built to the immediate south of the temple. It consisted of Solomon’s own palace and a smaller house for his Egyptian wife (1 Kings 7:8), an armory called the “House of the Forest of Lebanon” (1Ki 7:2–5), a Hall of Pillars (1Ki 7:6), and a Hall of the Throne (1Ki 7:7). A special “Ascent” connected this complex with the temple. The area between the temple complex and the city of David was called the Ophel." Ligonier has a comment that I am not sure is a fair assessment but it is a consideration - Two details stand out. First, Solomon took seven years to finish the temple in Jerusalem, but he spent thirteen years building his palace, spending nearly twice as long on his own house as he did on the holy sanctuary (1Ki 6:37–7:1). This suggests that for all of Solomon’s devotion to the work of temple building, he was more concerned with the details and size of his palace than with the sanctuary where God would be worshiped. In some ways, Solomon was more devoted to his own glory than he was to the glory of the Lord....Like Solomon, we are apt to get distracted and focus more on our own concerns than on the Lord and His worship. Remaining sin means we will fall short in putting God first until we are glorified, and thanks be to the Lord, Christ atoned for that as well. Still, we should seek to grow in our love for God on a daily basis, and we do that through prayer, repentance, and regular attention to the Word of God, as well as weekly participation in corporate worship. Alfred Hoerth does not agree with Ligonier (or several other sources) writing ‘The temple took seven years to complete, but sometimes Solomon is faulted for spending about twice that much time to build his palace. This is hardly a valid criticism because the Bible makes it quite clear Solomon did his best to make God’s temple the finest structure in the world and that God was pleased with the results (1 Kgs. 8:10–11). Certainly Solomon spared no expense on the precious woods and gold overlay used in building and outfitting the temple. Moreover, the structure was not large (temple size was not necessarily an indication of devotion to deity), the main building measured only ninety feet long by thirty feet wide by forty-five feet high. Seven years seems a generous length of time to build such a small edifice’ (BORROW Archaeology and the Old Testament 282). Dale Ralph Davis adds "Yet there is a matter of emphasis: there is very cursory attention paid to the House of the Forest of Lebanon et al. These government buildings are dwarfed by the massive blocks of temple material on either side of them, as if the writer says, ‘This [vv. 1–12] doesn’t matter too much.’ De-emphasis is a perfectly legitimate ploy. Franklin D. Roosevelt used this technique politically. He told his associates never to mention the name of the opponent. One could call him ‘our opponent’ or ‘the gentleman from Indiana,’ but never mention his name. His rationale was that if people ‘don’t hear the opponent’s name, that is a clear gain for us.’ He didn’t ‘want to do anything to advertise the name of the opposing candidate.’Now I hold that our writer is engaging in de-emphasis here in 1 Kings 6–7. By minimizing the space given the government buildings he magnifies the importance of the temple. Dale Ralph Davis says "Now 1 Kings 7 is mostly concerned with interior decorating i.e. with the furnishings that went into the temple building of chapter 6." ...Since the chapter is lengthy a map of its contents may be useful: 1 Kings 7:1–12 Royal Complex House of the Forest of Lebanon (1 Kings 7:2–5) Hall of Pillars (NIV: colonade; 1 Kings 7:6) Hall of Justice (1 Kings 7:7) House of Solomon (1 Kings 7:8a) House for Pharaoh’s daughter (1 Kings 7:8b) Construction notes (1 Kings 7:9–12) 1 Kings 7:13–51 Temple Furnishings Hiram’s work in bronze (cf. 1 Kings 7:13–14): 2 bronze pillars (1 Kings 7:15–22) the sea (1 Kings 7:23–26) 10 movable stands (1 Kings 7:27–39) summary (1 Kings 7:40–47) Solomon’s provision of gold (1 Kings 7:48–51) Article from ISBE on Solomon's Jerusalem Solomon: With the accession of Solomon, the increased magnificence of the court, the foreign wives and their establishments, the new officials and the great number of work people brought to the city for Solomon's great buildings must necessarily have enormously swelled the resident population, while the recorded buildings of the city, the temple, the king's house, the House of the Daughter of Pharaoh, the House of the Forest of Lebanon, the Throne Hall and the Pillared Hall (1 Ki 7:1-8) must have altered the whole aspect of the site. In consequence of these new buildings, the sanctuary together with the houses of the common folk, a new wall for the city was necessary, and we have a statement twice made that Solomon built "the wall of Jerusalem round about" (1 Ki 3:1; 9:15); it is also recorded that he built Millo (1 Ki 9:15,24; 11:27), and that "he repaired the breach of the city of David his father" (1 Ki 11:27). The question of the Millo is discussed elsewhere (see MILLO); the "breach" referred to may have been the connecting wall needed to include the Millo within the complete circle of fortifications, or else some part of David's fortification which his death had left incomplete. Solomon's City Wall: As regards the "Wall of Jerus" which Solomon built, it is practically certain that it was, on the North and West, that described by Josephus as the First Wall (see VI, 7 above). The vast rock-cut scarps at the southwestern corner testify to the massiveness of the building. Whether the whole of the southwestern hill was included is matter of doubt. Inasmuch as there are indications at Bliss's tower (see VI, 4th above) of an ancient wall running northeasterly, and enclosing the summit of the southwestern hill, it would appear highly probable that Solomon's wall followed that line; in this case this wall must have crossed the Tyropeon at somewhat the line of the existing southern wall, and then have run southeasterly to join the western wall of the old city of the Jebusites. The temple and palace buildings were all enclosed in a wall of finished masonry which made it a fortified place by itself--as it appears to have been through Hebrew history--and these walls, where external to the rest of the city, formed part of the whole circle of fortification. Although Solomon built so magnificent a house for Yahweh, he erected in the neighborhood shrines to other local gods (1 Ki 11:7,8), a lapse ascribed largely to the influence of his foreign wives and consequent foreign alliances. The above note is from the original ISBE. Borrow the Revised International Standard Bible Encyclopedia for a more detailed discussion. 1 Kings 7:2 He built the house of the forest of Lebanon; its length was 100 cubits and its width 50 cubits and its height 30 cubits, on four rows of cedar pillars with cedar beams on the pillars. NET 1 Kings 7:2 He named it "The Palace of the Lebanon Forest"; it was 150 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. It had four rows of cedar pillars and cedar beams above the pillars. CSB 1 Kings 7:2 He built the House of the Forest of Lebanon. It was 150 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high on four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams on top of the pillars. ESV 1 Kings 7:2 He built the House of the Forest of Lebanon. Its length was a hundred cubits and its breadth fifty cubits and its height thirty cubits, and it was built on four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams on the pillars. NIV 1 Kings 7:2 He built the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon a hundred cubits long, fifty wide and thirty high, with four rows of cedar columns supporting trimmed cedar beams. NLT 1 Kings 7:2 One of Solomon's buildings was called the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon. It was 150 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. There were four rows of cedar pillars, and great cedar beams rested on the pillars. NRS 1 Kings 7:2 He built the House of the Forest of the Lebanon one hundred cubits long, fifty cubits wide, and thirty cubits high, built on four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams on the pillars. 1Ki 9:19 10:17 2Ch 9:16 Song 7:4 HOUSE OF LEBANON He built the house of the forest of Lebanon; its length was 100 cubits and its width 50 cubits and its height 30 cubits, on four rows of cedar pillars with cedar beams on the pillars - NET - "He named it "The Palace of the Lebanon Forest"; it was 150 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. It had four rows of cedar pillars and cedar beams above the pillars." 1 Kings 10:16-17 mentions 500 gold shields that were hung in the House of the Forest of Lebanon. Isaiah specifically called this building an armory in Isaiah 22:8. NOTE: At the outset of the discussion of Solomon's building projects it needs to be understood that the relationship of the location of the palace complex to the Temple is not clear. The diagram above is one individual's reconstruction of what it may have looked like, but we cannot be dogmatic. If you compare this diagram with the diagram of Jerusalem in Solomon's Reign, you will note differences, such as the "House of Lebanon", etc. R D Patterson comments on house of the forest of Lebanon that "Its exact function is not perfectly clear, though it is referred to in 1Ki 10:17 as the repository of three hundred shields of gold. Isaiah 22:8 also speaks of armor placed in the “Palace of the Forest.” This latter passage is in a context of warfare; so real weapons, not ceremonial shields, are involved. This indicates that the building was at least in part an armory." (See 1 Samuel - 2 Kings - Volume 3 - Page 689) ISBE - House of the Forest of Lebanon This building was so named because of the use of cedar beams made from trees imported from Lebanon. The port at which these huge tree trunks were landed is the modern Tell el-Qasîleh, N of Tel Aviv, by the Yarkon River. The site was excavated by B. Maisler (Mazar). Cedar was used for pillars, beams, roofing, ceilings, and paneling (1 Kings 6:15, 18; 7:2–5). It is a reasonable assumption that this house was part of the royal palace (“his entire house,” 1 Kings 7:1–5). The most probable location of the royal house was South of the temple area. (BORROW The International standard Bible encyclopedia page 1008) 1 Kings 7:3 It was paneled with cedar above the side chambers which were on the 45 pillars, 15 in each row. NET 1 Kings 7:3 The roof above the beams supported by the pillars was also made of cedar; there were forty-five beams, fifteen per row. CSB 1 Kings 7:3 It was paneled above with cedar at the top of the chambers that rested on 45 pillars, 15 per row. ESV 1 Kings 7:3 And it was covered with cedar above the chambers that were on the forty-five pillars, fifteen in each row. NIV 1 Kings 7:3 It was roofed with cedar above the beams that rested on the columns--forty-five beams, fifteen to a row. NLT 1 Kings 7:3 The hall had a cedar roof. Above the beams on the pillars were forty-five side rooms, arranged in three tiers of fifteen each. NRS 1 Kings 7:3 It was roofed with cedar on the forty-five rafters, fifteen in each row, which were on the pillars. 1Ki 6:5 It was paneled with cedar above the side chambers which were on the 45 pillars, 15 in each row. 1 Kings 7:4 There were artistic window frames in three rows, and window was opposite window in three ranks. NET 1 Kings 7:4 There were three rows of windows arranged in sets of three. CSB 1 Kings 7:4 There were three rows of window frames, facing each other in three tiers. ESV 1 Kings 7:4 There were window frames in three rows, and window opposite window in three tiers. NIV 1 Kings 7:4 Its windows were placed high in sets of three, facing each other. NLT 1 Kings 7:4 On each end of the long hall were three rows of windows facing each other. NRS 1 Kings 7:4 There were window frames in the three rows, facing each other in the three rows. window: 1Ki 7:5 6:4 Isa 54:12 Eze 40:16,22,25,29,33,36 41:26 There were artistic window frames in three rows, and window was opposite window in three ranks NET NOTE - Heb "and framed [windows in] three rows, and opening to opening three times." The precise meaning of this description is uncertain. Another option might be, "overhung [in] three rows." This might mean they were positioned high on the walls. 1 Kings 7:5 All the doorways and doorposts had squared artistic frames, and window was opposite window in three ranks. NET 1 Kings 7:5 All of the entrances were rectangular in shape and they were arranged in sets of three. CSB 1 Kings 7:5 All the doors and doorposts had rectangular frames, the openings facing each other in three tiers. ESV 1 Kings 7:5 All the doorways and windows had square frames, and window was opposite window in three tiers. NIV 1 Kings 7:5 All the doorways had rectangular frames; they were in the front part in sets of three, facing each other. NLT 1 Kings 7:5 All the doorways and doorposts had rectangular frames and were arranged in sets of three, facing each other. NRS 1 Kings 7:5 All the doorways and doorposts had four-sided frames, opposite, facing each other in the three rows. All the doorways and doorposts had squared artistic frames, and window was opposite window in three ranks. 1 Kings 7:6 Then he made the hall of pillars; its length was 50 cubits and its width 30 cubits, and a porch was in front of them and pillars and a threshold in front of them. NET 1 Kings 7:6 He made a colonnade 75 feet long and 45 feet wide. There was a porch in front of this and pillars and a roof in front of the porch. CSB 1 Kings 7:6 He made the hall of pillars 75 feet long and 45 feet wide. A portico was in front of the pillars, and a canopy with pillars was in front of them. ESV 1 Kings 7:6 And he made the Hall of Pillars; its length was fifty cubits, and its breadth thirty cubits. There was a porch in front with pillars, and a canopy in front of them. NIV 1 Kings 7:6 He made a colonnade fifty cubits long and thirty wide. In front of it was a portico, and in front of that were pillars and an overhanging roof. NLT 1 Kings 7:6 Solomon also built the Hall of Pillars, which was 75 feet long and 45 feet wide. There was a porch in front, along with a canopy supported by pillars. NRS 1 Kings 7:6 He made the Hall of Pillars fifty cubits long and thirty cubits wide. There was a porch in front with pillars, and a canopy in front of them. 1Ki 7:6 Then he made the hall of pillars; its length was 50 cubits (75 feet) and its width 30 cubits (45 feet) , and a porch was in front of them and pillars and a threshold in front of them. ISBE - Hall of Pillars The term should perhaps be emended to “Audience Hall,” reading hʿwmdym instead of hʿmwdym (1 Ki 7:6). It was part of the royal palace, as was “the Hall of the Throne,” or “the Hall of Judgment” (1Ki 7:7). The king’s private quarters were “in the outer court back of the wall” (v 8), and Pharaoh’s daughter had a similar house. Some idea of the size and splendor of the royal palace complex may be seen in the fact that it took seven years to build the Lord’s house, and thirteen to build Solomon’s (1 Ki 6:38–7:1). (BORROW The International standard Bible encyclopedia page 1008) 1 Kings 7:7 He made the hall of the throne where he was to judge, the hall of judgment, and it was paneled with cedar from floor to floor. NET 1 Kings 7:7 He also made a throne room, called "The Hall of Judgment," where he made judicial decisions. It was paneled with cedar from the floor to the rafters. CSB 1 Kings 7:7 He made the Hall of the Throne where he would judge-- the Hall of Judgment. It was paneled with cedar from the floor to the rafters. ESV 1 Kings 7:7 And he made the Hall of the Throne where he was to pronounce judgment, even the Hall of Judgment. It was finished with cedar from floor to rafters. NIV 1 Kings 7:7 He built the throne hall, the Hall of Justice, where he was to judge, and he covered it with cedar from floor to ceiling. NLT 1 Kings 7:7 Solomon also built the throne room, known as the Hall of Justice, where he sat to hear legal matters. It was paneled with cedar from floor to ceiling. NRS 1 Kings 7:7 He made the Hall of the Throne where he was to pronounce judgment, the Hall of Justice, covered with cedar from floor to floor. a porch: 1Ki 6:3 for the throne: 1Ki 10:18-20 Ps 122:5 Isa 9:7 of judgment: 1Ki 3:9,28 Pr 20:8 from one side of the floor to the other: Heb. from floor to floor THE HALL OF JUDGMENT He made the hall of the throne where he was to judge, the hall of judgment, and it was paneled with cedar from floor to floor. 1 Kings 7:8 His house where he was to live, the other court inward from the hall, was of the same workmanship. He also made a house like this hall for Pharaoh's daughter, whom Solomon had married. NET 1 Kings 7:8 The palace where he lived was constructed in a similar way. He also constructed a palace like this hall for Pharaoh's daughter, whom he had married. CSB 1 Kings 7:8 Solomon's own palace where he would live, in the other courtyard behind the hall, was of similar construction. And he made a house like this hall for Pharaoh's daughter, his wife. ESV 1 Kings 7:8 His own house where he was to dwell, in the other court back of the hall, was of like workmanship. Solomon also made a house like this hall for Pharaoh's daughter whom he had taken in marriage. NIV 1 Kings 7:8 And the palace in which he was to live, set farther back, was similar in design. Solomon also made a palace like this hall for Pharaoh's daughter, whom he had married. NLT 1 Kings 7:8 Solomon's living quarters surrounded a courtyard behind this hall, and they were constructed the same way. He also built similar living quarters for Pharaoh's daughter, whom he had married. another court: 2Ki 20:4 an house: 1Ki 3:1 9:24 2Ch 8:11 His house where he was to live, the other court inward from the hall, was of the same workmanship. He also made a house like this hall for Pharaoh's daughter, whom Solomon had married. NET NOTE - Heb "and his house where he lived, the other court [i.e., as opposed to the great court], separated from the house belonging to the hall, was like this work [i.e., this style of architecture]." 1 Kings 7:9 All these were of costly stones, of stone cut according to measure, sawed with saws, inside and outside; even from the foundation to the coping, and so on the outside to the great court. NET 1 Kings 7:9 All of these were built with the best stones, chiseled to the right size and cut with a saw on all sides, from the foundation to the edge of the roof and from the outside to the great courtyard. CSB 1 Kings 7:9 All of these buildings were of costly stones, cut to size and sawed with saws on the inner and outer surfaces, from foundation to coping and from the outside to the great courtyard. ESV 1 Kings 7:9 All these were made of costly stones, cut according to measure, sawed with saws, back and front, even from the foundation to the coping, and from the outside to the great court. NIV 1 Kings 7:9 All these structures, from the outside to the great courtyard and from foundation to eaves, were made of blocks of high-grade stone cut to size and trimmed with a saw on their inner and outer faces. NLT 1 Kings 7:9 From foundation to eaves, all these buildings were built from huge blocks of high-quality stone, cut with saws and trimmed to exact measure on all sides. costly stones: 1Ki 7:10,11 5:17 All these were of costly stones, of stone cut according to measure, sawed with saws, inside and outside; even from the foundation to the coping, and so on the outside to the great court. 1 Kings 7:10 The foundation was of costly stones, even large stones, stones of ten cubits and stones of eight cubits. NET 1 Kings 7:10 The foundation was made of large valuable stones, measuring either 15 feet or 12 feet. CSB 1 Kings 7:10 The foundation was made of large, costly stones 12 and 15 feet long. ESV 1 Kings 7:10 The foundation was of costly stones, huge stones, stones of eight and ten cubits. NIV 1 Kings 7:10 The foundations were laid with large stones of good quality, some measuring ten cubits and some eight. NLT 1 Kings 7:10 Some of the huge foundation stones were 15 feet long, and some were 12 feet long. the foundation: Isa 28:16 54:11 1Co 3:10,11 Rev 21:19,20 The foundation was of costly stones, even large stones, stones of ten cubits (15 feet) and stones of eight cubits (12 feet ). NET NOTE - Heb "stones of ten cubits and stones of eight cubits" (it is unclear exactly what dimension is being measured). If both numbers refer to the length of the stones (cf. NCV, CEV, NLT), then perhaps stones of two different sizes were used in some alternating pattern. 1 Kings 7:11 And above were costly stones, stone cut according to measure, and cedar. KJV 1 Kings 7:11 And above were costly stones, after the measures of hewed stones, and cedars. BGT 1 Kings 7:48 καὶ ἐπάνωθεν τιμίοις κατὰ τὸ μέτρον ἀπελεκήτων καὶ κέδροις LXE 1 Kings 7:11 And above with costly stones, according to the measure of hewn stones, and with cedars. NET 1 Kings 7:11 Above the foundation the best stones, chiseled to the right size, were used along with cedar. CSB 1 Kings 7:11 Above were also costly stones, cut to size, as well as cedar wood. ESV 1 Kings 7:11 And above were costly stones, cut according to measurement, and cedar. NIV 1 Kings 7:11 Above were high-grade stones, cut to size, and cedar beams. NLT 1 Kings 7:11 The blocks of high-quality stone used in the walls were also cut to measure, and cedar beams were also used. Eph 2:20-22 1Pe 2:5 And above were costly stones, stone cut according to measure, and cedar. 1 Kings 7:12 So the great court all around had three rows of cut stone and a row of cedar beams even as the inner court of the house of the LORD, and the porch of the house. KJV 1 Kings 7:12 And the great court round about was with three rows of hewed stones, and a row of cedar beams, both for the inner court of the house of the LORD, and for the porch of the house. BGT 1 Kings 7:49 τῆς αὐλῆς τῆς μεγάλης κύκλῳ τρεῖς στίχοι ἀπελεκήτων καὶ στίχος κεκολαμμένης κέδρου LXE 1 Kings 7:12 There were three rows of hewn stones round about the great hall, and a row of sculptured cedar: and Solomon finished all his house. NET 1 Kings 7:12 Around the great courtyard were three rows of chiseled stones and one row of cedar beams, like the inner courtyard of the LORD's temple and the hall of the palace. CSB 1 Kings 7:12 Around the great courtyard, as well as the inner courtyard of the LORD's temple and the portico of the temple, were three rows of dressed stone and a row of trimmed cedar beams. ESV 1 Kings 7:12 The great court had three courses of cut stone all around, and a course of cedar beams; so had the inner court of the house of the LORD and the vestibule of the house. NIV 1 Kings 7:12 The great courtyard was surrounded by a wall of three courses of dressed stone and one course of trimmed cedar beams, as was the inner courtyard of the temple of the LORD with its portico. NLT 1 Kings 7:12 The walls of the great courtyard were built so that there was one layer of cedar beams between every three layers of finished stone, just like the walls of the inner courtyard of the LORD's Temple with its entry room. three rows: 1Ki 6:36 the porch: Joh 10:23 Ac 3:11 5:12 THE COURT ENCLOSED THE TEMPLE AND SOLOMON'S PALACE So the great court all around had three rows of cut stone and a row of cedar beams even as the inner court of the house of the LORD, and the porch of the house - This completes the description of Solomon's personal house and adjacent buildings. R D Patterson comments that the enclosure of the palace and the Temple "was no doubt intended to give visual expression to the fact that the king was to act on behalf of God. He himself was to walk in God’s ways and, as shepherd of the people, lead them and direct them to God. As such he was a type of Christ, the Son of David, who will rule the earth from Jerusalem and who even now is seated at the right hand of God." (See 1 and 2 Kings) 1 Kings 7:13 Now King Solomon sent and brought Hiram from Tyre. KJV 1 Kings 7:13 And king Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre. BGT 1 Kings 7:1 καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμων καὶ ἔλαβεν τὸν Χιραμ ἐκ Τύρου LXE 1 Kings 7:13 And king Solomon sent, and took Chiram out of Tyre, NET 1 Kings 7:13 King Solomon sent for Hiram of Tyre. CSB 1 Kings 7:13 King Solomon had Hiram brought from Tyre. ESV 1 Kings 7:13 And King Solomon sent and brought Hiram from Tyre. NIV 1 Kings 7:13 King Solomon sent to Tyre and brought Huram, NLT 1 Kings 7:13 King Solomon then asked for a man named Huram to come from Tyre. Hiram: 1Ki 7:40 2Ch 2:13 2Ch 4:11 Related Passages: 2 Chronicles 2:13 “Now I am sending Huram-abi, a skilled man, endowed with understanding, 2 Chronicles 4:11 Huram also made the pails, the shovels and the bowls. So Huram finished doing the work which he performed for King Solomon in the house of God: HIRAM OF TYRE FROM KING HIRAM OF TYRE Now King Solomon sent and brought Hiram from Tyre - This is not King Hiram of Tyre but an artisan from Tyre by the same name. Hiram/Huram - The name of a skillful Tyrian artisan in brass and other substances, whom Solomon secured from Hiram king of Tyre to do work on the Temple. His father was a brass-worker of Tyre, and his mother was a woman of the tribe of Naphtali (1 Ki 7:14), "a woman of the daughters of Dan" (2 Ch 2:14; 1Ki 7:13ff; 2Ch 2:13f. He is also called Huram in 2 Ch 2:13, 4:11,16. Gleason Archer - How can the second commandment be reconciled with God’s directions for pictorial ornamentation in the tabernacle (Exod. 25–27) and the temple (1 Kings 6:1–38; 7:13–51)? The second commandment (Exod. 20:4–5) deals with the sin of idolatry and concerns itself, therefore, with the fashioning of carved images or other representations of “any likeness of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth” (NASB) for the purposes of worshiping them as numinous powers or deities. The connection between the first commandment, “You shall have no other gods before Me” (v.3, NASB), and the second commandment is very close, and furnishes a setting in which to understand the true, full intent of this prohibition. Verse 5 continues this commandment by specifying, “You shall not worship them or serve them” (NASB). In other words, there are to be no material likenesses made of persons or things that are likely to be worshiped as supernatural or divine. That this is God’s intention is clearly brought out by the passages cited in the question. Exodus 25:18, 20 specifies: “You shall make two cherubim of gold, make them of hammered work at the two ends of the mercy seat.… And the cherubim shall have their wings spread upwards, covering the mercy seat with their wings and facing one another” (NASB). In the great temple of Solomon, the inner sanctum was to be guarded by two images of cherubim at least fifteen or eighteen feet tall (“ten cubits”), with a wing span of ten cubits as well (1 Kings 6:23–27). These cherubim would of course be invisible to the general public because of their location in the Holy of Holies, protected from view by worshipers outside by its drape or hanging. As such they could not become objects of worship. But there were also figures of cherubim that were carved into the wall of the “Holy Place,” along with palm trees and open flowers (6:29, 32). Apparently they were hardly susceptible of be coming cult objects when they were used as ornamentation along the walls in a recurring pattern of this sort. Therefore they were not considered objectionable or contrary to the mandate of the second commandment. 1 Kings 7:14 He was a widow's son from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze; and he was filled with wisdom and understanding and skill for doing any work in bronze. So he came to King Solomon and performed all his work. KJV 1 Kings 7:14 He was a widow's son of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in brass: and he was filled with wisdom, and understanding, and cunning to work all works in brass. And he came to king Solomon, and wrought all his work. BGT 1 Kings 7:2 υἱὸν γυναικὸς χήρας καὶ οὗτος ἀπὸ τῆς φυλῆς Νεφθαλι καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἀνὴρ Τύριος τέκτων χαλκοῦ καὶ πεπληρωμένος τῆς τέχνης καὶ συνέσεως καὶ ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ ποιεῖν πᾶν ἔργον ἐν χαλκῷ καὶ εἰσήχθη πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Σαλωμων καὶ ἐποίησεν πάντα τὰ ἔργα LXE 1 Kings 7:14 the son of a widow woman; and he was of the tribe of Nephthalim, and his father was a Tyrian; a worker in brass, and accomplished in art and skill and knowledge to work every work in brass: and he was brought in to king Solomon, and he wrought all the works. NET 1 Kings 7:14 He was the son of a widow from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a craftsman in bronze from Tyre. He had the skill and knowledge to make all kinds of works of bronze. He reported to King Solomon and did all the work he was assigned. CSB 1 Kings 7:14 He was a widow's son from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a bronze craftsman. Hiram had great skill, understanding, and knowledge to do every kind of bronze work. So he came to King Solomon and carried out all his work. ESV 1 Kings 7:14 He was the son of a widow of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze. And he was full of wisdom, understanding, and skill for making any work in bronze. He came to King Solomon and did all his work. NIV 1 Kings 7:14 whose mother was a widow from the tribe of Naphtali and whose father was a man of Tyre and a craftsman in bronze. Huram was highly skilled and experienced in all kinds of bronze work. He came to King Solomon and did all the work assigned to him. NLT 1 Kings 7:14 He was half Israelite, since his mother was a widow from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father had been a craftsman in bronze from Tyre. Huram was extremely skillful and talented in any work in bronze, and he came to do all the metal work for King Solomon. Naphtali: 2Ch 2:14 his father: 2Ch 4:16 filled: Ex 31:2-6 Ex 35:30-35 Ex 36:1,2,8 Isa 28:26 Related Passages: Exodus 35:30-35+ Then Moses said to the sons of Israel, “See, the LORD has called by name Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. 31 “And He has filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding and in knowledge and in all craftsmanship; 32 to make designs for working in gold and in silver and in bronze, 33 and in the cutting of stones for settings and in the carving of wood, so as to perform in every inventive work. 34 “He also has put in his heart to teach, both he and Oholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan. 35 “He has filled them with skill to perform every work of an engraver and of a designer and of an embroiderer, in blue and in purple and in scarlet material, and in fine linen, and of a weaver, as performers of every work and makers of designs. Exodus 36:1; 2; 8+ “Now Bezalel and Oholiab, and every skillful person in whom the LORD has put skill and understanding to know how to perform all the work in the construction of the sanctuary, shall perform in accordance with all that the LORD has commanded.” 2 Then Moses called Bezalel and Oholiab and every skillful person in whom the LORD had put skill, everyone whose heart stirred him, to come to the work to perform it.....8 All the skillful men among those who were performing the work made the tabernacle with ten curtains; of fine twisted linen and blue and purple and scarlet material, with cherubim, the work of a skillful workman, Bezalel made them. HIRAM FILLED WITH WISDOM & UNDERSTANDING He was a widow's son from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre - The mother of Hiram in Chronicles, is said to have been of "the daughters of Dan;" and she might have been of Naphtali by her father, and of Dan by her mother; or she might originally be of the tribe of Dan, and have been first married to a man of the tribe of Naphtali; and, in either case, she might be indifferently called "of the tribe of Naphtali," or of "the daughters of Dan." John