1 Crônicas 19

1 Crônicas 19

TIMELINE OF THE BOOKS OF SAMUEL, KINGS & CHRONICLES 1107 1011 971 931 853 722 586 1 Samuel 2 Samuel 1 Kings 1 Kings 2 Kings 31 1-4 5-10 11-20 21-24 1-11 12-22 1-17 18-25 1 Chronicles 10 1Chr 11-19 1Chr 20-29 2 Chronicles 1-9 2 Chronicles 10-20 2 Chronicles 21-36 Legend: B.C. dates at top of timeline are approximate. Note that 931 BC marks the division of the Kingdom into Southern Tribes (Judah and Benjamin) and Ten Northern Tribes. To avoid confusion be aware that after the division of the Kingdom in 931 BC, the Southern Kingdom is most often designated in Scripture as "Judah" and the Northern Kingdom as "Israel." Finally, note that 1 Chronicles 1-9 is not identified on the timeline because these chapters are records of genealogy. THE DOWNWARD SPIRAL Comparison of 1 Samuel thru 2 Chronicles FIRST CHRONICLES SUMMARY CHART 1 Chronicles 1-9:44 1 Chronicles 10:1-39:30 Royal Line of David Reign of David 12 Tribes of David's Reign Highlights of David's Reign Genealogies History Ancestry Activity 1000's of Years Circa 33 Years Map of David's Kingdom-ESV Global Map of Cities in 2 Samuel 1 Chronicles 19:1 Now it came about after this, that Nahash the king of the sons of Ammon died, and his son became king in his place. Nahash: 1Sa 11:1,2 12:12 2Sa 10:1-3 NEW KING OF AMMONITES This chapter contains the account of David’s wars against potential invaders of his territory. It further illustrates the fact that David was a man of war and thus disqualified from building the temple. But once again just as he had been successful in campaigns against the Philistines, Moab, Aram, and Edom, Yahweh also helped him (cf 2Sa 8:6, 14+) and granted him success in his war against Ammon. August Konkel: When David came to power, he negotiated terms of agreement with Nahash that were successful in maintaining peace. As was the case with treaties, this probably included taxation revenues from the Ammonites. Nahash was succeeded by his son Hanun (2 Sam 10:1; 1 Chron 19:2). The death of a king could trigger instability, as treaties were made between individuals. Even though an heir was appointed before the king’s death, the previous agreement could be challenged. David hoped to renew a covenantal agreement (ḥesed) with the ascension of the new king. Now it came about after this - After what? If you compare the parallel passages in 2 Samuel, this was after David had shown lovingkindness to Mephibosheth in 2 Samuel 9, but we cannot be certain if that is what the writer of Chronicles intends since he (surprisingly) does not include the great story of Mephibosheth. Mark Boda: Chapter 19 begins with the second of three appearances of the phrase wayehi ‘akhareken (some time after this), which introduces three of the four sections in chapters 18-20 (18:1; 19:1; 20:4; so Japhet 1993:344). Chapters 18 and 19 contain two key contrasts. First, chapter 18 presents David on the offensive, moving out to exert his power, while chapter 19 presents David on the defensive, drawn into war by the arrogant Ammonite and fearful Arameans. Second, while chapter 18 reads more like annals of the exploits of David with shorter descriptions of various battles unrelated to one another, chapter 19 contains a narrative with its own integrity. The original tension is produced by the folly of King Hanun’s rebuff of David’s sympathy at the death of Hanun’s father, the Ammonite king Nahash. This led to a battle between Israel and Ammon that also involved the Arameans. that Nahash the king of the sons of Ammon died, and his son became king in his place Ammon came from one of Lot's daughters (Ge 19:30-38). J.A. Thompson: This section contains the account of David's wars against potential invaders of his territory. It further illustrates the fact that David was a man of war and thus disqualified from building the temple. Nevertheless, just as he was successful in campaigns against the Philistines, Moab, Aram, and Edom, so also in his war against Ammon he was granted victory and success, enjoying Yahweh's further blessing on his enterprises. The Chronicler devoted considerable space to the Ammonite campaigns. The account is based on 2 Sam 10:1–11:1; 12:26, 30–31 although it omits the disgraceful affair of David's seduction of Bathsheba. We are not able to place the Ammonite campaign into a chronological perspective although it would seem that David had taken care of Moab and Edom before this so as to obviate any attacks on his southern flank. Perhaps also a secure southern flank would give him confidence to undertake his Aramean campaigns. Perhaps Ammon was also well in control before he embarked on his Aramean adventure. 1 Chronicles 19:2 Then David said, "I will show kindness to Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me." So David sent messengers to console him concerning his father. And David's servants came into the land of the sons of Ammon to Hanun to console him. I will show: 1Sa 30:26 2Sa 9:1,7 2Ki 4:13 Es 6:3 Ec 9:15 the children: Ge 19:37,38 De 23:3-6 Ne 4:3,7 13:1 DAVID'S DESIRE TO DEMONSTRATE HESED Then David said, "I will show kindness (hesed; Heb “do loyalty”) to Hanun the son of Nahash,, because his father showed kindness (hesed) to me." During David’s fugitive period he not only spent time as a Philistine mercenary but also sought out help from Saul’s enemy Nahash of Ammon. This explains David's desire to show kindness in the form of consolation. Hanun means "gracious" or "favored." Nahash was defeated by Saul earlier (1 Samuel 11:1-15+). To repay kindness is a characteristic of a man after God's own heart! And he was extending an olive branch (so to speak) to Ammon. Andrew Hill: The parallel account of the Ammonite war is found in 2 Samuel 10:1–19. The biblical record yields no account of an event or events resulting in a pact of friendship between David and the Ammonite king Nahash (1 Chron. 19:1–2). Selman has suggested the relationship may be “best explained by their common hostility toward Saul” (cf. 1 Sam. 11:1–2; 14:47). The use of the word “kindness” (Heb. ḥesed) has covenant connotations and may imply some sort of informal treaty between David and Nahash. Hanun’s treatment of David’s entourage is interpreted as an annulling of the treaty and an act of belligerence threatening war. So - For this reason. What reason? To demonstrate kindness tangibly to Hanun. David is showing us that ultimately kindness is (like agape love) is an "action verb," not simply an emotional response! David sent messengers to console him concerning his father. And David's servants came into the land of the sons of Ammon to Hanun to console him. What David meant for good (console) evil men saw as bad (conflict).