Êxodo 30

Êxodo 30

Irving Jensen (Online) - Used by Permission View Chuck Swindoll's chart of Exodus, Summary Chart of The Book of Exodus DELIVERANCE FROM OPPRESSION PREPARATION FOR WORSHIP Redemption from Egypt Ex 1:1-18:27 Revelation from God Ex 19:1-40:38 Getting Israel Out of Egypt Getting Egypt Out of Israel! Narration Legislation Birth of Moses Ex 1-2 Call of Moses Ex 3-6 Conflict with Pharaoh Ex 7-10 Exodus from Egypt Ex 11-12 Red Sea Crossed Ex 13-15 Journey To Sinai Ex 16-18 Law Given Ex 19-24 Tent Plan Ex 25-31 Idol Worship Ex 32-34 Tent Built Ex 35-40 Subjection Redemption Instruction Suffering and Liberation of People of God Guidance of God Worship of God Moses and Burdens of Israel Pharaoh and Plagues Upon Egypt Red Sea Deliverance Wilderness Provision Sinai Instructions Bondage and Oppression Deliverance and Provision Law Pattern and Construction Israel in Egypt Ex 1:1-13:16 Israel to Sinai Ex 13:17-18:27 Israel at Sinai Ex 19:1-40:38 God's People Enduring Bondage God's Grace Revealed in Redemption God's Glory Manifested in Worship Egypt 430 Years (15% of Exodus) Wilderness 2 Months (30% of Exodus) Mt Sinai 10 Months (55% of Exodus) From Groaning To Glory! Jensen's Survey of the Old Testament - online Click for Excellent Map of Route of the Exodus Click another Exodus from Egypt Click for Events during the Sojourn at Kadesh-Barnea GENESIS EXODUS human effort and failure divine power and triumph word of promise work of fulfillment a people chosen a people called God’s electing mercy God’s electing manner revelation of nationality realization of nationality SUMMARY OF THE PENTATEUCH (from Believer's Study Bible) Exodus 30:1 "Moreover, you shall make an altar as a place for burning incense; you shall make it of acacia wood. NET Exodus 30:1 "You are to make an altar for burning incense; you are to make it of acacia wood. NLT Exodus 30:1 "Then make another altar of acacia wood for burning incense. ESV Exodus 30:1 "You shall make an altar on which to burn incense; you shall make it of acacia wood. NIV Exodus 30:1 "Make an altar of acacia wood for burning incense. KJV Exodus 30:1 And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: of shittim wood shalt thou make it. LXE Exodus 30:1 And thou shalt make the altar of incense of incorruptible wood. ASV Exodus 30:1 And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: of acacia wood shalt thou make it. CSB Exodus 30:1 "You are to make an altar for the burning of incense; make it of acacia wood. NKJ Exodus 30:1 "You shall make an altar to burn incense on; you shall make it of acacia wood. NRS Exodus 30:1 You shall make an altar on which to offer incense; you shall make it of acacia wood. YLT Exodus 30:1 'And thou hast made an altar for making perfume; of shittim wood thou dost make it; an altar: Ex 30:7,8,10 37:25-28 40:5 Lev 4:7,18 1Ki 6:20 2Ch 26:16 Rev 8:3 Exodus 30 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries NET Note - Why this section has been held until now is a mystery. One would have expected to find it with the instructions for the other furnishings. The widespread contemporary view that it was composed later does not answer the question, it merely moves the issue to the work of an editor rather than the author. N. M. Sarna notes concerning the items in chapter 30 that “all the materials for these final items were anticipated in the list of invited donations in 25:3–6” and that they were not needed for installing Aaron and his sons (Exodus [JPSTC], 193). NET Note Outline - Verses 1–10 can be divided into three sections: the instructions for building the incense altar (1–5), its placement (6), and its proper use (7–10). Altar of Incense Moreover, you shall make an altar as a place for burning incense; you shall make it of acacia wood - The altar had one purpose - to burn incense. No sacrifices are to be offered on this altar. Currid - Incense altars have a long history in the ancient Near East, and in Palestine in particular. The earliest example in Palestine has been discovered at et-Tell, from the Early Bronze III period (c. 2650–2350 B.C.). And they have been found in specifically Israelite contexts, such as at Iron Age Arad.46 NET Note - The expression is מִזְבֵּחַ מִקְטַר קְטֹרֶת (mizbeakh miqtar qétoret), either “an altar, namely an altar of incense,” or “an altar, [for] burning incense.” The second noun is “altar of incense,” although some suggest it is an active noun meaning “burning.” If the former, then it is in apposition to the word for “altar” (which is not in construct). The last noun is “incense” or “sweet smoke.” It either qualifies the “altar of incense” or serves as the object of the active noun. B. Jacob says that in order to designate that this altar be used only for incense, the Torah prepared the second word for this passage alone. It specifies the kind of altar this is (Exodus, 828). Thompson - The thing that seems somewhat odd about this part of Exodus is that all of the other furniture items have been made and one would think that this piece of furniture would have been designed and made along with the others before the ordaining of the priests. However, there can be no denying the fact that until you have everything in place, including the priests, the whole operation is lacking as being a beautiful, fragrant, sweet smelling offering to God. So what that would suggest is until you have all of the parts in place, the operation is not a sweet smelling fragrance to God. Until everything is in place in the way it should be, it is not sweet smelling to the Lord. Now we know from Scripture that this fragrant smoke that is coming from this burning of incense is that which symbolizes prayer (Ps. 141:2; Rev. 5:8; Rev 8:3-4). Any who carefully study the Bible may observe that. We may assume that as the incense was being offered, prayers were being offered to the Lord. It is very possible that when this incense was being offered, Moses and the priests and people in Israel realized this did symbolize prayer because David certainly understood this in Psalm 141:2. We know from Hebrews that the earthly tabernacle reflected God’s heavenly sanctuary (Heb. 8:2-5; 9:24). We may assume that Moses had some perspective of the fact that this incense altar did have a purpose of symbolizing the prayers of the people that would be offered day and night. Criswell - The incense altar was smaller in size (1-1/2 feet square, 3 feet high) and made from richer material than the altar of burnt offering. The former was to be located in the larger chamber of the tabernacle, the holy place, just in front of the veil (cf. Heb. 9:4, note). George Bush - Thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon. Heb. מזבח מקטר קטרת mizbëah miktar ketoreth, an incense-altar of incense; or, an altar, a perfumatory of perfume. Gr. θυσιαστηριον θυμίαματος, an altar of incense. Chal. ‘Thou shalt make an altar to offer upon it incense of sweet spices.’ The original implies an altar on which odorous substances were to be burnt and resolved into a fragrant and grateful fume. In the subsequent account of its construction, Ex. 37:25, it is called simply an ‘altar of incense’ as rendered by the Greek here, and in Num. 4:11, ‘the golden altar,’ as the other covered with brass was called ‘the brazen altar.’ But as the Hebrew term for altar (מזבח mizbëah, from זבח zabah, to slay), legitimately carries with it the idea of slain sacrifices, and as no such service was performed upon this, it is for distinction sake termed מקטר miktar, from קטר katar, to fume, to fumigate, to make to smoke. The practice of burning incense upon altars as a religious rite is to be traced to a very remote antiquity; but we have nothing more ancient in the way of historic record relative to this custom than what the present chapter contains. It seems scarcely probable, however, that the custom originated on this occasion in the order here prescribed. Incense altars appear in the most ancient Egyptian paintings, and when it was required to be compounded ‘after the art of the apothecary (perfumer),’ It would seem to be implied that this was an art which was practised, and which the Israelites had learned, in Egypt. Plutarch moreover assures us, that the Egyptians offered incense to the sun—resin in the morning, myrrh at noon, and about sunset an aromatic compound which they called kypi. But the custom was in ancient times by no means confined to Egypt. It pervaded all the religions of antiquity, and like many other features of the Hebrew worship may have been derived from an antediluvian origin. Nor are we disposed to overlook the circumstance in this connexion of incense being burnt among the Orientals by way of honorary tribute to kings, princes, and persons of distinction. It is one of the usages peculiar to palaces, and the houses of the wealthy and great, and as God in the character of Theocratic Ruler of Israel saw fit to be honored in modes analogous to those which were common in reference to eastern sovereigns, so he would not have his palace, the Sanctuary, to be lacking in a usage of such striking significancy. But we shall hope to evince in the sequel that this came far short of fulfilling all the symbolical purposes which were answered by this remarkable portion of the furniture of the Tabernacle. Of the remark of Maimonides that incense was burnt in the Tabernacle to counteract the offensive smell of the sacrifices, we can only say, that although this may have been to a very limitted degree the effect of the ordinance, it fell altogether short of being its main object. As to its materials and form this Altar was made like the Ark of shittim-wood overlaid with plates of gold. When it is said to have been ‘four-square,’ the meaning is, not that it was, as a whole, of a cubical form, but that upon its upper and under surface it showed four equal sides. It was, however, twice as high as it was broad, being twenty-one inches broad, and three feet six inches high. From the four corner posts arose four horns or pinnacles, doubtless of similar form to those of the altar of sacrifice, which were covered with gold like the rest, and its top was surrounded with an ornamental ledge or border of solid gold, here called ‘a crown,’ like that which adorned the upper edges of the Ark of the Covenant and of the Table of Shew-bread. Beneath this were placed two golden rings, probably on the opposite corners, for the conveniency of carrying it on staves during the marches of Israel in the wilderness, and afterwards when removed to different places in Canaan. Exodus 30:2 "Its length shall be a cubit, and its width a cubit, it shall be square, and its height shall be two cubits; its horns shall be of one piece with it. NET Exodus 30:2 Its length is to be a foot and a half and its width a foot and a half; it will be square. Its height is to be three feet, with its horns of one piece with it. NLT Exodus 30:2 Make it 18 inches square and 36 inches high, with horns at the corners carved from the same piece of wood as the altar itself. ESV Exodus 30:2 A cubit shall be its length, and a cubit its breadth. It shall be square, and two cubits shall be its height. Its horns shall be of one piece with it. NIV Exodus 30:2 It is to be square, a cubit long and a cubit wide, and two cubits high--its horns of one piece with it. KJV Exodus 30:2 A cubit shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof; foursquare shall it be: and two cubits shall be the height thereof: the horns thereof shall be of the same. LXE Exodus 30:2 And thou shalt make it a cubit in length, and a cubit in breadth: it shall be square; and the height of it shall be of two cubits, its horns shall be of the same piece. ASV Exodus 30:2 A cubit shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof; foursquare shall it be; and two cubits shall be the height thereof: the horns thereof shall be of one piece with it. CSB Exodus 30:2 It must be square, 18 inches long and 18 inches wide; it must be 36 inches high. Its horns must be of one piece. NKJ Exodus 30:2 "A cubit shall be its length and a cubit its width-- it shall be square-- and two cubits shall be its height. Its horns shall be of one piece with it. NRS Exodus 30:2 It shall be one cubit long, and one cubit wide; it shall be square, and shall be two cubits high; its horns shall be of one piece with it. YLT Exodus 30:2 a cubit its length, and a cubit its breadth, (it is square), and two cubits its height; its horns are of the same. Its length shall be a cubit, and its width a cubit, it shall be square, and its height shall be two cubits - "18 inches square and 36 inches high." its horns shall be of one piece with it - This is the same description as the horns on the bronze altar in Ex 27:2 "its horns shall be of one piece with it." Exodus 30:3 "You shall overlay it with pure gold, its top and its sides all around, and its horns; and you shall make a gold molding all around for it. NET Exodus 30:3 You are to overlay it with pure gold– its top, its four walls, and its horns– and make a surrounding border of gold for it. NLT Exodus 30:3 Overlay the top, sides, and horns of the altar with pure gold, and run a gold molding around the entire altar. ESV Exodus 30:3 You shall overlay it with pure gold, its top and around its sides and its horns. And you shall make a molding of gold around it. NIV Exodus 30:3 Overlay the top and all the sides and the horns with pure gold, and make a gold molding around it. KJV Exodus 30:3 And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt make unto it a crown of gold round about. LXE Exodus 30:3 And thou shalt gild its grate with pure gold, and its sides round about, and its horns; and thou shalt make for it a wreathen border of gold round-about. ASV Exodus 30:3 And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt make unto it a crown of gold round about. CSB Exodus 30:3 Overlay its top, all around its sides, and its horns with pure gold; make a gold molding all around it. NKJ Exodus 30:3 "And you shall overlay its top, its sides all around, and its horns with pure gold; and you shall make for it a molding of gold all around. NRS Exodus 30:3 You shall overlay it with pure gold, its top, and its sides all around and its horns; and you shall make for it a molding of gold all around. YLT Exodus 30:3 'And thou hast ove overlay it: Ex 25:11,24 top: Heb. roof sides: Heb. walls Exodus 30 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries You shall overlay it with pure gold, its top and its sides all around, and its horns - Recall that items near the Ark were covered with the most precious metal gold. Some consider the altar of incense to be a smaller version, in gold, of the bronze altar in the court, complete with the horns on each corner. and you shall make a gold molding all around for it - NET "Heb "and make for it border gold around." The verb is a consecutive perfect. See Exod 25:11, where the ark also has such a molding." Exodus 30:4 "You shall make two gold rings for it under its molding; you shall make them on its two side walls--on opposite sides--and they shall be holders for poles with which to carry it. NET Exodus 30:4 You are to make two gold rings for it under its border, on its two flanks; you are to make them on its two sides. The rings will be places for poles to carry it with. NLT Exodus 30:4 Make two gold rings, and attach them on opposite sides of the altar below the gold molding to hold the carrying poles. ESV Exodus 30:4 And you shall make two golden rings for it. Under its molding on two opposite sides of it you shall make them, and they shall be holders for poles with which to carry it. NIV Exodus 30:4 Make two gold rings for the altar below the molding--two on opposite sides--to hold the poles used to carry it. KJV Exodus 30:4 And two golden rings shalt thou make to it under the crown of it, by the two corners thereof, upon the two sides of it shalt thou make it; and they shall be for places for the staves to bear it withal. LXE Exodus 30:4 And thou shalt make under its wreathen border two rings of pure gold; thou shalt make it to the two corners on the two sides, and they shall be bearings for the staves, so as to bear it with them. ASV Exodus 30:4 And two golden rings shalt thou make for it under the crown thereof; upon the two ribs thereof, upon the two sides of it shalt thou make them; and they shall be for places for staves wherewith to bear it. CSB Exodus 30:4 Make two gold rings for it under the molding on two of its sides; put these on opposite sides of it to be holders for the poles to carry it with. NKJ Exodus 30:4 "Two gold rings you shall make for it, under the molding on both its sides. You shall place them on its two sides, and they will be holders for the poles with which to bear it. NRS Exodus 30:4 And you shall make two golden rings for it; under its molding on two opposite sides of it you shall make them, and they shall hold the poles with which to carry it. YLT Exodus 30:4 and two rings of gold thou dost make to it under its crown; on its two ribs thou dost make them, on its two sides, and they have become places for staves, to bear it with them. rings: Ex 25:12,14,27 26:29 27:4,7 Exodus 30 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries You shall make two gold rings for it under its molding - The altar of incense was also carried by the system of rings and poles, just like the Ark of the Covenant, the table of showbread, and the brazen altar but the latter was bronze not gold. "Since it was a small altar, it needed only two rings, one on either side, in order to be carried. The second clause clarifies that the rings should be on the sides, the right and the left, as you approach the altar." (NET) you shall make them on its two side walls--on opposite sides--and they shall be holders for poles with which to carry it - "On two of the sides of the altar, at opposite ends, there will be a gold ring through which a pole may be inserted. The altar, like the ark, is not to be touched by human hands." (Currid) Exodus 30:5 "You shall make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold. NET Exodus 30:5 You are to make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold. NLT Exodus 30:5 Make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold. ESV Exodus 30:5 You shall make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold. NIV Exodus 30:5 Make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold. KJV Exodus 30:5 And thou shalt make the staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold. LXE Exodus 30:5 And thou shalt make the staves of incorruptible wood, and shalt gild them with gold. ASV Exodus 30:5 And thou shalt make the staves of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold. CSB Exodus 30:5 Make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold. NKJ Exodus 30:5 "You shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold. NRS Exodus 30:5 You shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold. YLT Exodus 30:5 'And thou hast made the staves of shittim wood, and hast overlaid them with gold; Ex 25:13,27 Exodus 30 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries You shall make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold - Poles were overlain with gold just as were the poles used to transport the Ark (Ex 25:13). These poles are not stated as remaining in place like the poles of the Ark. (Ex 25:15). Exodus 30:6 "You shall put this altar in front of the veil that is near the ark of the testimony, in front of the mercy seat that is over the ark of the testimony, where I will meet with you. NET Exodus 30:6 "You are to put it in front of the curtain that is before the ark of the testimony (before the atonement lid that is over the testimony), where I will meet you. NLT Exodus 30:6 Place the incense altar just outside the inner curtain that shields the Ark of the Covenant, in front of the Ark's cover-- the place of atonement-- that covers the tablets inscribed with the terms of the covenant. I will meet with you there. ESV Exodus 30:6 And you shall put it in front of the veil that is above the ark of the testimony, in front of the mercy seat that is above the testimony, where I will meet with you. NIV Exodus 30:6 Put the altar in front of the curtain that is before the ark of the Testimony--before the atonement cover that is over the Testimony--where I will meet with you. KJV Exodus 30:6 And thou shalt put it before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with thee. LXE Exodus 30:6 And thou shalt set it before the veil that is over the ark of the testimonies, wherein I will make myself known to thee from thence. ASV Exodus 30:6 And thou shalt put it before the veil that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy-seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with thee. CSB Exodus 30:6 "You are to place the altar in front of the veil by the ark of the testimony-- in front of the mercy seat that is over the testimony-- where I will meet with you. NKJ Exodus 30:6 "And you shall put it before the veil that is before the ark of the Testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the Testimony, where I will meet with you. NRS Exodus 30:6 You shall place it in front of the curtain that is above the ark of the covenant, in front of the mercy seat that is over the covenant, where I will meet with you. YLT Exodus 30:6 and thou hast put it before the vail, which is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy-seat which is over the testimony, whither I am met with thee. veil: Ex 26:31-35 40:3,5,26 Mt 27:51 Heb 9:3,4 before the mercy seat that is over the testimony: Ex 25:21,22 Lev 16:13 1Ch 28:11 Heb 4:16 9:5 I will: Ex 30:36 29:42,43 Nu 17:4 Exodus 30 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries The Tabernacle with Altar of Incense Before the Veil Click Picture to Enlarge (Source: ESV.org) A PLACE TO GOD WOULD MEET WITH MOSES You shall put this altar in front of the veil that is near the ark of the testimony, in front of the mercy seat that is over the ark of the testimony, where I will meet with you. - (See the depiction above) This is on the West side of the Holy place, next to the Veil separating the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies. The placement of this altar is given in details that are very precise, more so than the locations of the Table of Show Bread and the Lampstand. The Hebrew verb meet (yaad) means to meet at an appointment, to engage and is rendered in the Septuagint with ginosko which means to know by experience. This is incredible! It means that when we pray, God meets with us and we come to know Him! O my! How this convicts me because of my weak prayer life!!! And as if God is trying to get our attention, Yahweh says "I will meet with you" four times (all 4 translated with ginosko!) - Ex 25:22; Ex 29:42; Ex 30:6; Ex 30:36; (and once I will meet with the sons - Ex 29:43) Meet (03259)(yaad) means to appoint, to summon, to engage, to agree, to assemble. "It also means allotted or appointed time, such as the amount of time David appointed to Amasa to assemble the men of Judah (2 Sam. 20:5). This word can also take the meaning of appointing or designating someone to be married (Ex. 21:8, 9). Another meaning is to meet someone at an appointed time. Amos asked the question, How can two walk together unless they appoint a time at which to meet (Amos 3:3)?" (Baker) Gilbrant - Yāʿadh means "to meet," "to assemble together" or "to make an appointment." The primary nuance of the verb is "to assemble" for the purpose of a legally binding activity. This nuance is found in Middle Hebrew. The nuance of "appoint" is attested in Arabic, Syriac and the Dead Sea Scrolls. The meaning "to promise" is not attested in Hebrew, although it is found in Old South Arabian, Arabic and Biblical Aramaic. A Semitic promise was not a mere vocal act, but a legally binding oral contract. In all the occurrences of this verb, the issue of meeting has to do with legal circumstances. In the Qal, the root can refer to the betrothal of a woman (Exo. 21:8f). It can also refer to the appointment of a specific place (Jer. 47:7) or a specific time (2 Sam. 20:5). It may futher refer to a punishment (Mic. 6:9). The Niphal form of yāʿadh, when followed by le (HED #3937; Exo. 25:22; 29:42f; 30:6, 36) or ʾel (HED #420), means "to meet together at an appointed time and place," or more generally, "to come together." These passages, along with Num. 10:3; 1 Ki. 8:5 (and its parallel 2 Chr. 5:6), use the Niphal of yāʿadh in connection with the assembly coming together and meeting before the Lord. These were appointed times when the Lord met with the congregation of Israel. God met the people at an appointed time at the "mercy seat" (Exo. 25:22) and the dedication of Solomon's Temple (1 Ki. 8:5; 2 Chr. 5:6). The Niphal form of yāʿadh with the preposition ʿal (HED #6142) can refer to the people coming together against the Lord (Num. 14:35; 16:11; 27:3). The Niphal form by itself means "to meet at an appointed place, by appointment," "to come together at an appointed time or place." Joshua 11:5 and Neh. 6:2, 10 use yāʿadh in the Niphal to speak of officials coming together, including kings joining their forces (Josh. 11:5), and leaders of people coming together to talk (Neh. 6:2, 10). It can also carry with it the idea of "agreement" (Amos 3:3). The Hiphil form of yāʿadh means "to appoint someone to meet (especially a time for a trial or judgment)" (Jer. 49:19) and "to summon" (Jer. 50:44; Job 9:19). The Hophal form of this verb means "to be fixed," "to be directed." The Hophal participle is used in Jer. 24:1 and Ezek. 21:21. (Complete Biblical Library Hebrew-English Dictionary) Yaad - 29x in 29v - agreed to meet(1), appointed(3), assemble(1), assembled(3), assigned(1), designated(1), designates(1), gather(1), gathered(3), made an appointment(2), meet(7), meet together(1), set(1), summon(3). Exod. 21:8; Exod. 21:9; Ex 25:22; Ex 29:42; Exod. 29:43; Ex 30:6; Ex 30:36; Num. 10:3; Num. 10:4; Num. 14:35; Num. 16:11; Num. 17:4; Num. 27:3; Jos. 11:5; 2 Sam. 20:5; 1 Ki. 8:5; 2 Chr. 5:6; Neh. 6:2; Neh. 6:10; Job 2:11; Job 9:19; Ps. 48:4; Jer. 24:1; Jer. 47:7; Jer. 49:19; Jer. 50:44; Ezek. 21:16; Amos 3:3; Mic. 6:9 MacArthur on in front of the veil - This places the altar outside of the Holy of Holies in the Holy Place. Heb 9:3, 4+ speaks of the altar in the Holy of Holies in the sense of its proximity to the ark and in relation to its cleansing on the Day of Atonement. The priests could not go beyond it on any other day. (MSB) Douglas Stuart on in front of the veil - This would fit the symbolism of the incense as representing prayer before God since the fragrant smoke could be expected to reach into the holy of holies, there to offer its sweet aroma to God, whose presence is represented by the ark in its entirely and more narrowly, by the “atonement cover that is over the Testimony.” (NAC-Ex) Thompson points out that "outside the Tabernacle were sacrifices that were being offered. There would have been several different unpleasant odors on the outside. This altar of incense would prevent any unpleasant odor from being in the place of God’s presence. It would fumigate this part of the Tabernacle with sweet odors." G C