Êxodo 1

Êxodo 1

Irving Jensen (Online) - Used by Permission View Chuck Swindoll's chart of Exodus, Summary Chart of The Book of Exodus DELIVERANCE FROM OPPRESSION PREPARATION FOR WORSHIP Redemption from Egypt Ex 1:1-18:27 Revelation from God Ex 19:1-40:38 Getting Israel Out of Egypt Getting Egypt Out of Israel! Narration Legislation Birth of Moses Ex 1-2 Call of Moses Ex 3-6 Conflict with Pharaoh Ex 7-10 Exodus from Egypt Ex 11-12 Red Sea Crossed Ex 13-15 Journey To Sinai Ex 16-18 Law Given Ex 19-24 Tent Plan Ex 25-31 Idol Worship Ex 32-34 Tent Built Ex 35-40 Subjection Redemption Instruction Suffering and Liberation of People of God Guidance of God Worship of God Moses and Burdens of Israel Pharaoh and Plagues Upon Egypt Red Sea Deliverance Wilderness Provision Sinai Instructions Bondage and Oppression Deliverance and Provision Law Pattern and Construction Israel in Egypt Ex 1:1-13:16 Israel to Sinai Ex 13:17-18:27 Israel at Sinai Ex 19:1-40:38 God's People Enduring Bondage God's Grace Revealed in Redemption God's Glory Manifested in Worship Egypt 430 Years (15% of Exodus) Wilderness 2 Months (30% of Exodus) Mt Sinai 10 Months (55% of Exodus) From Groaning To Glory! Jensen's Survey of the Old Testament - online Click for Excellent Map of Route of the Exodus Click another Exodus from Egypt Click for Events during the Sojourn at Kadesh-Barnea GENESIS EXODUS human effort and failure divine power and triumph word of promise work of fulfillment a people chosen a people called God’s electing mercy God’s electing manner revelation of nationality realization of nationality SUMMARY OF THE PENTATEUCH (from Believer's Study Bible) Exodus 1:1 Now these are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob; they came each one with his household: BGT Exodus 1:1 ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ τῶν εἰσπεπορευμένων εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἅμα Ιακωβ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτῶν ἕκαστος πανοικίᾳ αὐτῶν εἰσήλθοσαν NET Exodus 1:1 These are the names of the sons of Israel who entered Egypt– each man with his household entered with Jacob: LXE Exodus 1:1 These are the names of the sons of Israel that came into Egypt together with Jacob their father; they came in each with their whole family. NLT Exodus 1:1 These are the names of the sons of Israel (that is, Jacob) who moved to Egypt with their father, each with his family: KJV Exodus 1:1 Now these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into Egypt; every man and his household came with Jacob. ESV Exodus 1:1 These are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob, each with his household: NIV Exodus 1:1 These are the names of the sons of Israel who went to Egypt with Jacob, each with his family: ASV Exodus 1:1 Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt (every man and his household came with Jacob): CSB Exodus 1:1 These are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob; each came with his family: NKJ Exodus 1:1 Now these are the names of the children of Israel who came to Egypt; each man and his household came with Jacob: NRS Exodus 1:1 These are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob, each with his household: YLT Exodus 1:1 And these are the names of the sons of Israel who are coming into Egypt with Jacob; a man and his household have they come; NAB Exodus 1:1 These are the names of the sons of Israel who, accompanied by their households, migrated with Jacob into Egypt: NJB Exodus 1:1 These are the names of the Israelites who went with Jacob to Egypt, each of them went with his family: GWN Exodus 1:1 These are the names of the sons of Israel (that is, Jacob) who came with him to Egypt with their families: BHT Exodus 1:1 we'ëllèh šhemôt banê yisrä´ël habbä´îm misräymâ ´ët ya`áqöb ´îš ûbêtô bä´û Ex 6:14-16 Ge 29:31-35 30:1-21 35:18,23-26 Gen 46:8-26 49:3-27 1Ch 2:1,2 12:23-40 27:16-22 Rev 7:4-8 Exodus 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Swindolls' Outline Exodus 1-2 Bondage - 430 years in Egypt Exodus 3-12 Deliverance - 430 years in Egypt Exodus 13-18 Journey - 3 months Exodus 19-24 Law - 1 year at Mt Sinai Exodus 25-40 Tabernacle - 1 year at Mt Sinai John Hannah's Outline The oppression of Israel in Egypt (Exodus 1:1-11:10) The bondage of Israel (Exodus 1:1-22) The cause of bondage (Exodus 1:1-7) The treatment within bondage (Exodus 1:8-22) Slavery (Exodus 1:8-14) Extinction of male children (Exodus 1:15-22) Hannah's Bible Outlines. Click to enlarge - from the Holman Bible Atlas (digital book; Hardcover) copyright © 1998 B&H Publishing Group, used by permission, all rights reserved. This is one of the best resources for Bible maps. Please do not reproduce this map on any other webpage. EXODUS BEGINS WHERE GENESIS ENDS Caveat - I have read a number of commentaries on the identity of the King/Pharaoh described in Exodus 1-2, but frankly have found myself very confused. So if you want to know more about this issue see the following resources which discuss this issue. Introduction to the Book of Exodus - John MacArthur An Introduction to the Book of Exodus - David Malick Analysis of Exodus - James Van Dine Who was the Pharaoh of the Exodus? Fulfilled Multiplication and Forced Eradication (Exodus 1:1-22) - Walter Kaiser Exodus 1:1-7 is the prologue giving us the background for the nation of Israel in the land of Egypt. Walter Kaiser gives an excellent background declaring "The Hebrew name for the book derives from the first words of the text: "And these are the names of" (we'elleh shemoth), or simply Shemoth. This phrase occurs also in Genesis 46:8, where it likewise introduces a list of the names of those Israelites "who went to Egypt with Jacob" (Ex 1:1). This connecting phrase and the observation that the book begins with the conjunction "and" (or "now") emphasize the fact that Exodus was never intended to exist separately but was thought of as a continuation of a narrative that began in Genesis and was completed in three more books, making up the first division of the Hebrew canon known as Torah (meaning "law," "instruction," "teaching"), or, since the second century A.D., "the Pentateuch" (i.e., "the five books")....(Kaiser adds) This is the first example of a practice that appeared in almost all the historical books of the OT: the use of the simple copulative "and" to begin a book (cf. Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, 2 Chronicles). This feature appears to indicate that the writer was conscious of the fact that he was contributing to an ongoing sequence of revelation and narration. (Expositor's Bible Commentary) Ray Ortlund - Genesis means “origin.” Exodus means “departure.” Why that? Because the gospel says that, through Jesus, God leads us out from oppression into liberation – and that, against opposition. So Exodus sums up the whole Bible: God is keeping his original promises of Genesis, liberating all who trust him, overcoming all hostile powers. A key to understanding this first part of Exodus is found in Genesis 46:4 where God promises Jacob (prophetically) "I will go down with you to Egypt, and I will also surely bring you up again; and Joseph will close your eyes (YOU WILL DIE IN EGYPT).” God did not want His people to get comfortable in Egypt and stay there, so He made them uncomfortable, sovereignly directing circumstances and events in order to accomplish His will to bring them up again to the Promised Land. The way God gets His people to do His will is to cause some negative things to hit. The primary point of Exodus is to get Israel out of Egypt. As Robert Neighbour says "You have seen over many a door the word "Exit," which seemed to be saying, "This way out." As you see the word, Exodus, (see note below) therefore, it also seems to say, "This way out."" God was going to show them the way out! There are three main, simple geographical divisions to the book of Exodus: Geographical Division #1 - Israel is in Egypt and is taken out of Egypt. Exodus 1:1-15:21 Geographical Division #2 - Israel moves from Red Sea to Sinai. Exodus 15:21-18:27 Geographical Division #3 - Israel is at Sinai. Exodus 19:1-40:38 Now (NAS, ASV, KJV, NKJV) - It is surprising that most of the modern translations do not begin with "now" as the first word of Exodus in Hebrew text can be translated either "and" or "now," as either indicates a continuation of the story that ended in Genesis 50. And so as Genesis closes we find all of Israel is in Egypt and Exodus opens with “now,” designed to connect us back to Genesis and inform us the sons of Israel are still in Egypt. Obviously the narrative in Exodus 1:1-7 gives us the background because the very last verse in Genesis 50:26 says "So Joseph died at the age of one hundred and ten years; and he was embalmed and placed in a coffin in Egypt." Then after the prologue the death of Joseph's is mentioned again in Ex 1:6. Exodus 1:7 tells us what happened to the nation in Egypt after Joseph's death. "MANY books of the Old Testament begin with the conjunction And. This fact, it has been often pointed out, is a silent indication of truth, that each author was not recording certain isolated incidents, but parts of one great drama, events which joined hands with the past and future, looking before and after. Thus the Book of the Kings took up the tale from Samuel, Samuel from Judges, and Judges from Joshua, and all carried the sacred movement forward towards a goal as yet unreached. Indeed, it was impossible, remembering the first promise that the seed of the woman should bruise the head of the serpent, and the later assurance that in the seed of Abraham should be the universal blessing, for a faithful Jew to forget that all the history of his race was the evolution of some grand hope, a pilgrimage towards some goal unseen. Bearing in mind that there is now revealed to us a world-wide tendency toward the supreme consummation, the bringing all things under the headship of Christ, it is not to be denied that this hope of the ancient Jew is given to all mankind." (G A Chadwick - The Expositor's Bible) Eugene Merrill writes "The exodus is the most significant historical and theological event of the Old Testament." (Kingdom of Priests: A History of Old Testament Israel) Note that the first seven verses repeat information of Genesis 35:22-26; 46:27; 50:26. Now these are the names of - This is the translation of the first two words we'ëllèh šhemôt (see BHT above). As Youngblood points out "The Hebrew title of the Book of Exodus, therefore, was to remind us that Exodus is the sequel to Genesis and that one of its purposes is to continue the history of God's people as well as elaborate further on the great themes so nobly introduced in Genesis." (Exodus) The word exodus means "exit" or "departure" and speaks of a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment. THOUGHT - Beloved, does not even this great title Exodus speak to our hearts as those who are aliens and strangers (1 Pe 2:11+, Ps 119:19, cf Heb 11:13+, Abraham Ge 23:4) in a hostile environment which hates God (Ro 1:30+, Titus 3:3+) and holiness and loves self and sin? Indeed, even as we have been redeemed by the blood of Jesus Christ, there is coming a future day when we will make our "exodus" from this world to our eternal home with Christ. And so we hold fast to that blessed hope of Christ's sure return to take us up and out (1 Th 4:13-18+), and for some who fall asleep in Jesus before the Rapture of the Church we have the blessed privilege of returning with Him at the time His Church makes its "exodus." Notice that of that great day Paul writes "Then we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall always be with the Lord." (1 Th 4:17+). Did you notice the pronoun "them." Those are the believers described in 1 Th 4:14+, Paul writing that "we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so God will bring with Him those who have fallen asleep in Jesus." And so beloved disciple of Jesus Christ, our exodus will be either by falling asleep in Christ or by the Rapture, but in either event we will all meet together in the air with Christ and thereafter "shall always be with the Lord." (1 Th 4:17+) The sons of Israel - Here the phrase sons of Israel is meant to refer to a listing of the sons of Jacob. Recall that Jacob's name was changed to Israel in Ge 32:28. In contrast in Exodus 1:7 the same phrase "sons of Israel" is more "generic" and is best taken as a reference to "Israelites," referring to the new nation and not just to the extended family of Jacob/Israel. God had appeared to Jacob and promised him that He would go with his family and bless them in Egypt but would bring them out of Egypt: He said (GOD SPEAKING TO JACOB), “I am God, the God of your father; do not be afraid to go down to Egypt, for I will make you a great nation there. “I will go down with you to Egypt, and I will also surely bring you up again; and Joseph will close your eyes.” (Ge 46:3-4) Who came to Egypt with Jacob; they came each one with his household - NLT = "Who moved to Egypt with their father, each with his family" "The inclusion of the names at this point forms a literary connection to the book of Genesis. It indicates that the Israelites living in bondage had retained a knowledge of their ancestry, and with it, a knowledge of God's promise." (NET Note) Notice that both names of Jacob are used in this passage -- Israel ("strives with God") and Jacob ("supplanter, deceiver") Thompson - We may also recall that just about daybreak the angel of the LORD touched Jacob’s socket so He could leave before daybreak so Jacob would not see God face to face and die. Years later, Jacob would specifically refer back to this moment and say this was the moment God had redeemed him from all evil (Gen. 48:16). This was the time Jacob turned his life completely over to God. In the aftermath of giving Jacob this name Israel, God pronounced a blessing of fruitfulness and multiplication (Gen. 35:11). Through Jacob would eventually come the entire nation Israel and one day that nation would have a specific land (Gen. 35:12)....Now of course the reason they are in Egypt is because Joseph had been sold as a slave by his brothers into the hands of the Egyptians, but God had raised him up so that Pharaoh permitted Joseph to allow all of his Jewish family to live in the best places of Egypt (Gen. 47:1-11). Now Egypt is a very peculiar place. For the most part it is a desert-type place filled with a lot of sand. However, the Nile river flows for 500 miles down into the Mediterranean, and the river overflows every year with water that comes down from the mountain areas of Central Africa. Because this water overflows every year, about seven miles on each side of the Nile is some of the most fertile and productive land in the world. So the majority of the Egyptian world lives in areas around the Nile and the rest of Egypt is a bunch of reddish-colored sand. Now Israel was living in the “best of the land” (Gen. 47:6) in Egypt. Life was productive here. Life was good here. Life was plush here. (Sermon) Related Resource: Why is Jacob called Jacob and Israel alternately in the book of Genesis? - Excerpt - Jacob’s birth name, Jacob, means “supplanter, deceiver”; it was given to him because, when Jacob was born as the second of a set of twins, “his hand [was] grasping [his twin’s] heel” (Genesis 25:26). True to his name, Jacob grew up as a conniver, deceiver, and cheat, and he eventually supplanted his brother’s position as heir to the birthright. After Jacob’s struggle with the Lord at Peniel, the Lord gave Jacob a new name: Israel. And God gave the reason: “Because you have struggled with God and with humans and have overcome” (Genesis 32:28). Later, God appears to Jacob/Israel again in Bethel, reaffirms the name change, and gives him the same covenant that Abraham had received (Genesis 35:9–12). Thus the “heel-catcher” became “one who struggles with God.” It was before he met with God in Bethel that Jacob purposefully put away his idols and purified himself (Ge 35:2). It is interesting that Jacob's record only includes his sons, Genesis recording... All the persons belonging to Jacob, who came to Egypt, his direct descendants, not including the wives of Jacob’s sons, were sixty-six persons in all (Genesis 46:26) Related Resources: Why is Jacob called Jacob and Israel alternately in the book of Genesis? What are the twelve tribes of Israel? A key commentary on Exodus is found in Hosea where God says "When Israel was a youth I loved him, And out of Egypt I called My son." (Hosea 11:1 cf. Mt. 2:13-15+). NET Note - Chapter 1 introduces the theme of bondage in Egypt and shows the intensifying opposition to the fulfillment of promises given earlier to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The first seven verses announce the theme of Israel's prosperity in Egypt. The second section (vv. 8–14) reports continued prosperity in the face of deliberate opposition. The third section (vv. 15–21) explains the prosperity as divine favor in spite of Pharaoh's covert attempts at controlling the population. The final verse records a culmination in the developing tyranny and provides a transition to the next section – Pharaoh commands the open murder of the males. The power of God is revealed in the chapter as the people flourish under the forces of evil. However, by the turn of affairs at the end of the chapter, the reader is left with a question about the power of God – "What can God do?" This is good Hebrew narrative, moving the reader through tension after tension to reveal the sovereign power and majesty of the LORD God, but calling for faith every step of the way. See also D. W. Wicke, "The Literary Structure of Exodus 1:2–2:10, " JSOT 24 (1982): 99-107. Another list of the sons of Israel is found in Genesis 46:8-26 Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, Jacob and his sons, who went to Egypt: Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn. 9 The sons of Reuben: Hanoch and Pallu and Hezron and Carmi. 10 The sons of Simeon: Jemuel and Jamin and Ohad and Jachin and Zohar and Shaul the son of a Canaanite woman. 11 The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. 12 The sons of Judah: Er and Onan and Shelah and Perez and Zerah (but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan). And the sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul. 13 The sons of Issachar: Tola and Puvvah and Iob and Shimron. 14 The sons of Zebulun: Sered and Elon and Jahleel. 15 These are the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan-aram, with his daughter Dinah; all his sons and his daughters numbered thirty-three. 16 The sons of Gad: Ziphion and Haggi, Shuni and Ezbon, Eri and Arodi and Areli. 17The sons of Asher: Imnah and Ishvah and Ishvi and Beriah and their sister Serah. And the sons of Beriah: Heber and Malchiel. 18 These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to his daughter Leah; and she bore to Jacob these sixteen persons. 19 The sons of Jacob’s wife Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin. 20 Now to Joseph in the land of Egypt were born Manasseh and Ephraim, whom Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, bore to him. 21 The sons of Benjamin: Bela and Becher and Ashbel, Gera and Naaman, Ehi and Rosh, Muppim and Huppim and Ard. 22 These are the sons of Rachel, who were born to Jacob; there were fourteen persons in all. 23 The sons of Dan: Hushim. 24 The sons of Naphtali: Jahzeel and Guni and Jezer and Shillem. 25 These are the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to his daughter Rachel, and she bore these to Jacob; there were seven persons in all. 26 All the persons belonging to Jacob, who came to Egypt, his direct descendants, not including the wives of Jacob’s sons, were sixty-six persons in all, 27 and the sons of Joseph, who were born to him in Egypt were two; all the persons of the house of Jacob, who came to Egypt, were seventy. Exodus (1841) (exodos from ex = out + hodos = way) is literally "the road out" or "the way out"! And so it means a going out or a departure. As The more familiar spelling Exodus is simply a transliteration of the Greek Exodos into English. Exodos was used as a euphemism describing one's departure from among the living (the one who dies has the illusion of a choice and the mourner finds consolation in the theme) for death.