Mateus 26
Bob Utley · Citado em PreceptAustin
Mateus 26
Utley - ORDER OF PASSOVER SERVICE IN FIRST CENTURY JUDAISM A. Prayer B. Cup of wine C. Hand washing by host and passing of basin to all D. Dip of bitter herbs and sauce E. Lamb and main meal F. Prayer and second dip of bitter herbs and sauce G. Second cup of wine with question-and-answer time for children (cf. Exod. 12:26–27+) H. Singing of the first part of Hallel Psalm 113–114 and prayer I. Master of ceremony makes sop for each one after washing his hands J. All eat until filled; finish with a piece of lamb K. Third cup of wine after washing hands L. Singing second part of Hallel Psalm 115–118 M. Fourth cup of wine Many believe that the institution of the Lord’s Supper occurred at “K.” Jehovah's Witnesses : answered verse by verse Matthew 26:27+ And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks he gave it to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you.” (RSV) The Watchtower Society has taught its followers not to obey these clear instructions from Jesus Christ. When Jehovah’s Witnesses hold their annual communion celebration, the loaf and the cup are passed from hand to hand with hardly anyone partaking. (Statistics reported in the January 1, 1986, Watchtower magazine revealed that, of 7,792,109 in attendance at the celebration in 1985, only 9,051 partook. So, most of the 49,716 worldwide congregations of Jehovah’s Witnesses had no partakers at all in their midst.) In failing to “drink of it, all of you” as Jesus commanded, the Witnesses are responding instead to instructions from their leaders, who have taught them that new believers since the year 1935 cannot share in the New Covenant mediated by Jesus Christ (Heb. 12:24+); “Those of the ‘other sheep’ class are not in the new covenant and so do not partake” (The Watchtower, 2/15/86, p. 15). But, speaking of the lifesaving covenant represented in the communion loaf and cup, Jesus said, “Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, you have no life in yourselves” (John 6:53+, NWT). If Witnesses exclude themselves from the New Covenant, they exclude themselves from eternal life. Ask a Jehovah’s Witness to show you a Bible verse where Jesus set the year 1935 as an expiration date for his instructions regarding communion. There is no such verse. Rather, he said, “Keep doing this in remembrance of me” (Luke 22:19+, NWT). See also the discussion at Revelation 7:9+ for more information on the “1935 doctrine,” and John 10:16+ regarding the “other sheep.” Kevin Williams explains the four cups of wine - During a typical Passover Seder, four cups are shared, each with its own significant picture in the ritual. The first cup is called the “cup of sanctification,” which sets the feast apart from any commonplace meal. The second cup is the “cup of plagues,” remembering the calamities visited upon the Egyptians. The third cup is called the “cup of redemption,” recognizing and memorializing the Hebrews’ release from captivity. The fourth cup is called the “cup of praise,” during which the family recites Psalms 113–118, traditionally considered the praise Psalms. Our attention here is on the third cup, the “cup of redemption,” the “Kiddush cup,” which in the modern Seder comes after the eating of the afikomen. Because of the ritualistic order of the meal and the rich significance of this observance, some Christian theologians believe that this is the cup Jesus lifted, blessed, and declared, “Drink from it, all of you. For this is My blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.” (Mt 26:28+) A cup of red wine is symbolic of blood in Jewish tradition, which is significant in our story. In the Pentateuch (first five books of the Bible) and throughout the ancient world, covenants were sealed and confirmed with blood. This is no less true in the Gospels. Symbolically with the cup and literally through His blood shed at the crucifixion, the Messiah proclaimed the beginnings of a new covenant predicted by the Jewish prophet Jeremiah:(Jer. 31:31-34+). (For much more discussion of the Seder click "A Summary of a Typical Jewish Passover Seder.") Nancy DeMoss Wolgemuth - Costly Gratitude (BORROW The quiet place : daily devotional readings Page 252) And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks he gave it to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you, for this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.”—Matthew 26:27–28+ WITHIN HOURS OF HIS ARREST, HIS TRIAL, and ultimately His crucifixion—on a night when Jesus, from a human perspective, had every reason for giving in to self-pity, resentment, and murmuring—the Son instead spoke words of thanks to His heavenly Father, words that flowed from a thankful heart. This was not just an obligatory blessing offered up before a meal. He understood that these emblems in His hands represented His own body and blood, soon to be broken and poured out in horrific fashion for the salvation of sinful man. And yet when you harmonize the gospel accounts, it appears that Jesus paused at least three times during the Passover observance to give thanks—to say in effect, “Father, I gladly surrender Myself to Your calling for My life, whatever the cost.” He gave Himself to God and to the world not under coercion but with abandon—even with gratitude—thankful for the privilege of obeying His Father and fulfilling the mission He had been sent to earth to complete. My own heart is convicted as I write these words, thinking how often my service for the Lord and others is tinged with shades of reservation or clouded with resentment over the price to be paid. Perhaps you feel the same inner conviction of His Spirit. Then, oh, may the thankful Spirit of Christ overflow our hearts, motivated by His example and enabled by His power. May He forgive us for our thankless self-absorption and help us to live lives—like His—of costly gratitude.For what circumstances or aspects of your calling are you the least inclined to be thankful at this moment? Can you—will you—lift your “cup” up to the Lord and give thanks THE PASSOVER SHADOWS IN EXODUS THEIR FULFILLMENT IN CHRIST EXODUS 12+ CHRIST Ex 12:1-2+ The Passover marked a new year and a new beginning for Israel. Every believer is a new creation in Christ "Old things passed away; behold, new things have come." (2 Cor 5:17+) Ex 12:5+ A male lamb in its first year was taken into the home on the 10th of Nisan and was inspected for blemishes or defects before it was sacrificed on the 14th of Nisan. Christ was closely inspected by: The priests (Lk 20:1-26+), Sadducees (Lk 20:27-38+) and Scribes (Lk 20:39-21:4) Pilate (Mt 27:11-26+; Lk 23:1-6, 13-25+; Jn 18:28-19:16) Herod (Lk 23:8-12+) Annas (Jn 18:12-13, 19-24+) Caiaphas (Mt 26:57+) They could find no fault for He was "a lamb unblemished and spotless" (1 Pe 1:19+). Ex 12:6+ The "whole community" of God's people was required to participate in the sacrifice. Receiving and believing in Christ's sacrifice is required for all who desire to participate in God's Kingdom (Ro 3:21-26+). Ex 12:7, 23+ The blood of the lamb was applied to "the two doorposts and on the lintel of the houses in which they eat it" and "the LORD will pass over the door" marked with blood. Christ shed His blood to deliver sinners. One needs to be covered by the blood to be delivered from condemnation (Ro 3:25+; Ro 5:9+, Ro 8:1+). The Lamb of God takes away the sins of the world (Jn 1:29+). Ex 12:14+ The Passover was to be kept as a permanent memorial. The Lord's Supper is to be done frequently "in remembrance of" Christ (Lk 22:19+). Ex 12:46+ God commanded Israel not "to break any bone of" the lamb. Roman soldiers came to break Jesus' legs, but He was already dead, so no bones were broken (Jn 19:32-33+). Adapted from Christ in the Passover - Benjamin Galan David Brickner of Jews for Jesus walks thru a typical Passover in the 38' video Christ in the Passover. Matthew 26:28 for this is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for forgiveness of sins. this is My blood of the covenant: Ex 24:7-8+ Lev 17:11+ Jer 31:31-34+ Zec 9:11 Mk 14:24+ Lu 22:19+ 1Co 11:25+ Heb 9:14-22+ Heb 10:4-14+ Hebrews 13:20+ poured out: Mt 20:28+ Ro 5:15,19+ Eph 1:7+ Col 1:14,20+ Heb 9:22,28+ 1Jn 2:2+ Rev 7:9,14+ Alfred Edersheim - The Paschal Supper Related Passages: Exodus 24:7-8+ (THE FIRST COVENANT - MOSAIC COVENANT) Then he took the book of the covenant and read it in the hearing of the people; and they said, “All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient!” 8 So Moses took the blood and sprinkled it on the people, and said, “Behold the blood of the covenant, (berit/berith/beriyth) which the LORD has made ("cut" - karath) with you in accordance with all these words.” Leviticus 17:11+ ‘For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you on the altar to make atonement for your souls; for it is the blood by reason of the life that makes atonement.’ (See Significance of The Blood is Life) Jeremiah 31:31-34+ “Behold, days are coming,” declares the LORD, “when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah, 32 not like the covenant which I made with their fathers in the day I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, although I was a husband to them,” declares the LORD. 33 “But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” declares the LORD, “I will put My law within them and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. 34 “They will not teach again, each man his neighbor and each man his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD,’ for they will all know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them,” declares the LORD, “for I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more.” Mark 14:24+ And He said to them, "This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many. (Note "new" is not in the best manuscripts in Mark's Gospel). Luke 22:20+ And in the same way He took the cup after they had eaten, saying, "This cup which is poured out for you is the new covenant in My blood. 1 Corinthians 11:25+ In the same way He took the cup also after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do (present imperative) this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me.” (D A Carson - “What is certain is that Jesus bids us commemorate, not his birth, nor his life, nor his miracles, but his death.”) THE BLOOD OF THE NEW COVENANT Paul Apple - In this key passage as we transition from the celebration of the Passover Feast to the institution of the Lord’s Supper, we are moving from the Old Covenant to the New Covenant. This is a watershed moment in human history. We are looking at the events on the Thursday evening before the Friday crucifixion of Jesus Christ – the central event to which all of the types and prophecies of the Old Testament pointed. Christianity is all about the Person of Jesus Christ. And Christianity is all about the Cross of Christ. For (gar) Term of explanation. What is Jesus explaining? Clearly He is explaining why all were to drink from the cup He had just given to the eleven. This Is My blood (haima) of the covenant (diatheke) - When He said "this," possibly He pointed to the cup that they were to drink from. Jesus is using the cup of wine to symbolize a far deeper meaning. He is describing probably the third cup, the "cup of redemption," and says that this cup symbolized His blood. Obviously the cup was not filled with His literal blood, even as the bread was not His literal body. He is speaking metaphorically, saying that this cup represents My blood. Blood (see Lev 17:11+, see Blood of Christ) was the element necessary to ratify both the Old and the New Covenant. His blood was soon to be shed on the Cross as the sin offering which was accepted by the Father (aka "propitiation") and which resulted in the tearing of the veil that separated the Holy of Holies from the Holy Place, indicating that the Old Covenant was now obsolete (cf Mt 27:51+, Mk 15:38+, Lk 23:45+, Heb 8:13+). The Old Covenant was ratified with animal blood (Heb 9:13+, Hebrews 10:4+), but the New Covenant was a better covenant (Heb 7:22+, Heb 8:6+, Heb 12:24+) because it was ratified with the "precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ." (1 Peter 1:19+, Rev 1:5+, Rev 5:9+) Christ's sacrifice is exactly what God desired and our sin required. The New Covenant brings about a new way of approaching God. The writer of Hebrews explains the benefits to believers now that the veil has been torn... Therefore, brethren, since we have confidence (boldness) to enter the holy place by the blood of Jesus, 20 by a new and living way which He inaugurated for us through the veil, that is, His flesh, 21 and since we have a great priest over the house of God, 22 let us draw near with a sincere heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled clean from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water. 23 Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for He who promised is faithful; 24 and let us consider how to stimulate one another to love and good deeds, 25 not forsaking our own assembling together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another; and all the more as you see the day drawing near (HIS RETURN). (Heb 10:19-25+) Luke adds a detail not found in Matthew or Mark (not in best manuscripts) explaining that "This cup which is poured out for you is the new (kainos) covenant in My blood." This designation goes back to God's promise in Jer 31:31+ declaring "Behold, days are coming,” declares the LORD, “when I will make a new (Lxx - kainos) covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah." While Jesus is ratifying the New Covenant, the fulfillment of Jeremiah 31:31+ will not be seen for the nation of Israel until the return of Messiah and the remnant of believing Israel will be saved. New (kainos) signifies this covenant is brand new, new in kind, new in the sense that it brings into the world a new quality of thing which did not exist before. The writer of Hebrews helps us understand why Jesus' blood was necessary to ratify the new covenant.... Hebrews 9:16-20+ For where a covenant is, there must of necessity be the death (SHEDDING OF BLOOD IS IMPLIED) of the one who made it. 17 For a covenant is valid only when men are dead, for it is never in force while the one who made it lives. 18 Therefore even the first covenant (MOSAIC COVENANT - Exodus 24:7-8+) was not inaugurated without blood. 19 For when every commandment had been spoken by Moses to all the people according to the Law, he took the blood of the calves and the goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people, 20 saying, “THIS IS THE BLOOD OF THE COVENANT WHICH GOD COMMANDED YOU.” Play What Can Wash Away My Sin... Oh, precious is the flow That makes me white as snow; No other fount I know, Nothing but the blood of Jesus. --Lowry Grassmick - Just as sacrificial blood ratified the Old (Mosaic) Covenant at Sinai (cf. Ex. 24:6–8+), so Jesus’ blood shed at Golgotha inaugurated the New Covenant (Jer. 31:31–34+). This promises forgiveness of sins and fellowship with God through the indwelling Spirit to those who come to God by faith in Jesus. (See The Bible Knowledge Commentary) Which is poured out (ekcheo) for many - Just as the "first covenant" (Mosaic) was ratified by the blood of animals on Mt Sinai, the New Covenant was ratified by the blood of the Passover Lamb of God (Jn 1:29+, 1Pe 1:19+) on Golgotha. For many speaks of the millions and millions of souls who have placed their faith in Christ and His fully atoning blood shed on Calvary 2000 years ago. The purpose of the shedding of His blood of the New Covenant was precisely to remove (forgive) sins. -- A T Robertson For forgiveness (aphesis) of sins (hamartia) - For is the Greek preposition eis which literally means "into" but in this context is used to indicate purpose and so could be rendered "in order to," with a view to" or "for the purpose of." The purpose of the pouring out of the blood, symbolic of the blood of Christ, is to bring about forgiveness of sins. I love the picture of the Greek word for forgiveness (aphesis) which literally means to send away. This always reminds me of the Day of Atonement when "the goat on which the lot for the scapegoat fell, shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make atonement upon it, to send it (Lxx = aphiemi root verb for aphesis) into the wilderness as the scapegoat." (Lev 16:10+, see also Lev 16:21+) Some other great verses on the extent of our Father's forgiveness or sending away of our sins! Psalms 103:12 As far as the east is from the west, So far has He removed our transgressions from us. Isaiah 38:17+ “Lo, for my own welfare I had great bitterness; It is You who has kept my soul from the pit of nothingness, For You have cast all my sins behind Your back. Isaiah 43:25 “I, even I, am the one who wipes out your transgressions for My own sake, And I will not remember your sins. Isaiah 44:22+ “I have wiped out your transgressions like a thick cloud And your sins like a heavy mist. Return to Me, for I have redeemed you.” Micah 7:18-19+ Who is a God like You, who pardons iniquity And passes over the rebellious act of the remnant of His possession? He does not retain His anger forever, Because He delights in unchanging love. 19 He will again have compassion on us; He will tread our iniquities under foot. Yes, You will cast all their sins Into the depths of the sea.
Mateus 26
Utley on Caiaphas - Caiaphas was the High Priest, appointed by Rome, in exchange for a price, from AD 18–36. He was the son-in-law of Annas, High Priest from AD 6–15 (ED: STILL REFERRED TO AS "HIGH PRIEST" EVEN THOUGH CAIAPHAS WAS THE OFFICIAL HIGH PRIEST - cf Acts 4:6+). This powerful family was motivated more by politics and wealth than by spirituality.
Mateus 26
Utley - Jesus does not forget acts of kindness and devotion. This one is recorded in Scripture, but many others are kept in the heart of God and will be revealed on that great day (cf. Gal. 6:7–9+; 1 Tim. 5:25+; Rev. 14:13+; also Rev 2:1, 19+; Revelation 3:8+). This section has one of the most dramatic contrast regarding persons - Here an unnamed woman who gave her very best in anointing Jesus in contrast to a man named Judas who did his very worst to betray the Son of God. Of the woman Jesus her memory would echo wonderfully down the halls of time. Of the man Jesus said, “It would have been better for that man if he had not been born” (Mk 14:21+). THOUGHT - Let me ask you a question that I hope you will be brutally honest in answering: “have you in your life as a follower of King Jesus ever made a sacrifice of extravagant love?” Can you recall a time when you did something that really cost you? You actually went without something you really wanted because of a sacrifice of extravagant love for Jesus? The sad fact is we are good at giving Jesus our leftovers and hand-me-downs. I served a church once that’s student building was filled with old, worn, ratty couches. Sweet folks in our church had bought new couches for their homes and so they donated their old, worn couches to the church and in the process got a tax break and felt good that they had done something noble. But, had they really? In the spirit of full discourse, I must confess one of the couches in the youth center had been given by me. It was no longer worthy of being in my house but it was good enough for Jesus.(Daniel Akin) Broken Vases The aroma of extravagant love. So pure. So lovely. Flowing from the veined alabaster vase Of Mary’s broken heart A heart broken against the hard reality Of her Savior’s imminent death. Mingled with tears, the perfume became By some mysterious chemistry of Heaven- Not diluted, but more concentrated, Potent enough behind the ears of each century For the scent to linger to this day. Doubtless, the fragrance, absorbed by His garment, As it flowed from His head Accompanied Christ through the humiliation of His trials, the indignity of His mocking, the pain of His beatings, the inhumanity of His cross. Through the heavy smell of sweat and blood, A hint of that fragrance must have arisen From His garment Until, at shameful last, the garment was stripped And gambled away. And maybe, just maybe, it was that scent Amid the stench of humanity rabbled around the cross, That gave the Savior the strength to say: “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.” And as Mary walked away from the cross, The same scent probably still lingered in the now-limp hair She used to dry her Savior’s feet A reminder of the love that spilled From His broken alabaster body. So pure. So lovely. So truly extravagant. It was a vase He never regretted breaking. Nor did she. -Ken Gire, Jr. Gospel (2098) euaggelion from eú = good + aggéllo = proclaim, tell) is literally good news or glad tidings. In the NT euaggelion is used only of God's message of salvation in three senses (1) act of proclamation (preaching the gospel) (1Cor 4:15+), (2) the work of evangelization (spread of the gospel) (Phil 4:3+), (3) the content of the message as an offer of salvation (good news) (Ro 1:16+) (Adapted from Friberg - Analytical Lexicon). BDAG (summarized) - (1) God’s good news to humans, good news as proclamation (2) details relating to the life and ministry of Jesus = good news of Jesus (Mk 1:1+) (3) details relating to the life and ministry of Jesus = good news of Jesus (Mt 1:1+) Memory (3422) mnemosunon from mnaomai = remember) is something that causes or preserves the remembrance of a person or thing. A memorial is “a memorial that which keeps alive the memory of someone or something. In the Septuagint mnemosunon is used to describe a variety of memorials - God's "Memorial Name" (Ex 3:15+), Passover (Ex 12:14+ = "this day will be a memorial to you"), to mark Israel's crossing the Jordan River (Josh 4:7+ = "So these stones shall become a memorial [Lxx = mnemosunon] to the sons of Israel forever”). In Malachi 3:16+ we see "a book of remembrance (Lxx = mnemosunon) was written before Him for those who fear the LORD and who esteem His name." In Ps 112:6 we read "The righteous will be remembered (Lxx = mnemosunon) forever." MNEMOSUNON - 3V - Matt. 26:13+; Mk. 14:9+; Acts 10:4+ MNEMOSUNON in the Septuagint - Exod. 3:15+; Exod. 12:14+; Exod. 13:9+; Exod. 17:14+; Exod. 28:12+; Exod. 28:23+; Exod. 30:16+; Exod. 39:7+; Lev. 2:2+; Lev. 2:9+; Lev. 2:16+; Lev. 5:12+; Lev. 6:15+; Lev. 23:24+; Num. 5:15+; Num. 5:18+; Num. 5:26+; Num. 16:40+; Num. 31:54+; Deut. 32:26+; Jos. 4:7+; Neh. 2:20; Est. 1:1+; Est. 2:23+; Est. 8:12+; Est. 9:27+; Est. 9:28+; Est. 9:32+; Est. 10:2+; Job 2:9; Job 18:17; Ps. 9:6; Ps. 34:16+; Ps. 102:12; Ps. 109:15; Ps. 112:6; Ps. 135:13; Isa. 23:18; Isa. 57:8; Isa. 66:3; Hos. 12:5; Hos. 14:7; Mal. 3:16+; Dwight Edwards - The characteristics of Mary's ministry are worth noting: SACRIFICIAL: ". . . having on alabaster flask of very costly oil of spikenard. And she broke the flask . . ." The perfume in this flask was very expensive (5) and may easily have been the equivalent of a life's savings. Mary didn't give the Lord her "left overs") she gave Him her best. He deserves and demands nothing less from us! (Mal 1:6-14+). SELFLESS: ". . . She has done a good work for Me" (6). Her ministry was utterly Christ-oriented and all her efforts were done to draw attention to Him. She didn't serve to bring men's applause to herself, for the only accolades she was really concerned for come from Christ alone. Like John the Baptist, the focus of her life was "Behold the Lamb of God" (John 1:36+). SENSITIVE: "For you have the poor with you always, and whenever you wish you may do them good; but Me you do not have always. . . . she has come beforehand to anoint My body for burial" (7-8). Mary understood at this point what the disciples did not; that Christ was soon to depart (7) and that He would die physically (9). Her spiritual sensitivity came through the primary passion of her life. ". . . sat at Jesus' feet and heard His word" (Luke 10:39+). If she had waited even a few more days, she would have missed her opportunity of service. Yet because of her spiritual sensitivity, she discerned the right work and the right time. As a result, Christ promised that this seemingly small service would be multiplied to global proportions (9). C H
Mateus 26
Utley - “a rooster crows” See Mark 13:35+. This occurred between 12:00 a.m. and 3:00 a.m. It must have been a Roman rooster because the Jews did not allow them in the holy city. Carson - Apparently it was usual for roosters in Palestine to crow about 12:30, 1:30, and 2:30 A.M. (Hans Kosmala, “The Time of the Cock-Crow,” Annual of Swedish Theological Institute 2 [1963]: 118–20; 6 [1967–68]: 132–34); so the Romans gave the term “cock-crow” to the watch from 12:00 to 3:00 A.M. Despite Peters claims of undeviating loyalty (Mt 26:33+), Jesus says that Peter is within hours of disowning (same verb as in 16:24) him three times. (See Matthew) William
Mateus 26
Utley - This was an Old Testament idiom (cf. Ps. 42:5+) which expressed the tremendous intensity which was involved in the redemption of sinful mankind. Something of the struggle can be seen in the parallel of Luke 22:43–44+, which records that an angel came to minister to Him and He sweat great drops of blood. The victory over the evil one was won here in the garden. (ED: AND CONSUMMATED ON THE CROSS). Remain (meno in aorist imperative) here and keep watch (gregoreuo in present imperative) with Me - This is an amazing passage. Jesus, the omnipotent God had emptied Himself of His divine prerogatives and shows His profound humanity by seeking the companionship of sinful men in His time of greatest need. Jesus did not command them "Sleep here," but "Remain (tarry) here!" Remain (meno in aorist imperative) is a command in the aorist imperative calling for immediate obedience due to the urgency of the moment. So in one sense they obeyed because they remained there, but the sad part is they the remained asleep! The verb meno means to abide with someone. Jesus is calling for these men to "abide" with Him in His time of great agony. We might say today "Sit tight!" Does this not give us a sense of Jesus' perfect humanity? Keep watch is a command in the present imperative calling for them to continually be on the alert and to maintain an attitude of vigilance. It is interesting to notice that the second verb Jesus chose (gregoreuo) is derived from the verb egeiro which means to wake up, stay awake. Thus the verb gregoreuo is used of mental alertness, the condition of the mind opposite to that which characterizes one mind in sleep. And what did the trio do? They failed to obey the command! They fell asleep three times instead of staying awake and alert. Why would they need to Keep watch? Remember that Judas had departed into the night and Jesus knew he was going to betray Him. The disciples were charged with the duty of keeping watch for the traitor Judas and his evil entourage who would be on their way to arrest Jesus. It is interesting that Jesus did not ask them to pray for Him. THOUGHT - Are you willing to seek companions when you are in dire straits? Or better yet are you willing to be a companion to another you know is in dire straits?
Mateus 26
Utley - This seems to imply that they were looking for two witnesses who could agree on some charge because OT legal precedent required two witnesses to condemn a person (cf. Num. 35:30+; Deut. 17:6+; Deuteronomy 19:15+). The Sanhedrin could not find two consistent testimonies against Jesus (Matt. 26:60-61+). Finally they found two similar testimonies (cf. Mark 14:59+) connected with Jesus' statement about destroying the temple (cf. John 2:19+). There were many illegal elements in this night trial. These Jewish leaders would have rationalized this by illegally sacrificing this one man to save the whole nation from Roman retaliation.
Mateus 26
Utley - Self-incrimination by means of an oath was illegal but effective, for Jesus would not be silent in the face of an oath in the name of YHWH. The name "YHWH," from Exod. 3:14+, was from the Hebrew VERB "to be," which means the "ever-living, only-living God" (cf. Matt. 16:16+). It was the covenant name for the God of Israel. These leaders recognized that Jesus, at least by His words and deeds, was claiming to be the promised Messiah (note how the titles "Messiah" and "Son of God" are equated). They saw Him as one of many false Messiah's because He was not committed to the Oral Traditions (i.e., Talmud) and their authority. Silent (hush, be quiet)(4623) siopao from siope = silence, a hush, properly, muteness, i.e. involuntary stillness, or inability to speak) means to be silent, hold one's peace, say nothing (Mt 26:63+; Mk 3:4+; Mark 9:34+; Mark 14:61+; Acts 18:9+). To stop speaking or become quiet (Mt 20:31+; Mk 10:48+; Lk 18:39+, Luke 19:40+) and here in Luke 1:20+ meaning to lose the ability to speak. In one use Jesus commands the wind (and waves) to "Hush!" or quieten down, becoming calm (Mk 4:39+). In classic Greek it was a command to “be silent” (Iliad 23.568; Odyssey 17.513) Socrates before a jury. (Cf Plato before the popular assembly on Aegina, on trial for his life "did not say a single word.") Adjure (1844) (exorkizo from ek = intensifies meaning + horkizo = to adjure) means to extract an oath, to force an oath, to cause to swear, to put under oath. BDAG = "to compel someone to do something by invoking a transcendent power." The only use is Mt 26:63+. Gilbrant - This verb (from ek [1523] and horkizo [3589]) means “to make (one) take an oath,” “to cause (someone) to swear (with an oath).” In non-biblical Greek it appears often in the sense of “to invoke” a deity or “to adjure” as in the exorcism of evil spirits (cf. Acts 19:13+ the variant reading exorkizomen for horkizō, and the noun exorkistēs, an “exorcist”). Septuagint Usage - Exorkizō occurs three times in the Septuagint. In Genesis 24:3+f. Abraham made his servant “swear” that he would not allow Isaac to marry a Canaanite or to leave the land. Also King Ahab “adjured” the prophet Micaiah to speak the truth in his prophecy (1 Kings 22:16+). In Judges 17:2+ exorkizō refers to the “cursing” of something. New Testament Usage - The only instance of exorkizō in the New Testament is in Matthew’s account of Jesus before the high priest (26:63). The high priest “adjured” (i.e., he tried to make Him take an oath) Jesus “by the living God” to tell him plainly whether or not He was the Messiah. In light of Jesus’ response, su eipas (“thou hast said”), the question is, Does this contradict Matthew 5:33,34+? That is, did Jesus take an oath? Schneider offers a plausible resolution. Jesus’ response, su eipas, should not be understood as an acceptance of the high priest’s compelling; rather, it should be regarded as a refusal to comply with him. Jesus’ reply is not “you said it (correctly),” but “you tell me.” Then Jesus declared the facts of what the priest would witness—a description of the Son of Man, the Messiah, judging the world. Thus Jesus refused to take an oath and allowed the high priest to judge for himself (cf. Mark 14:62+; “exorkizō,” Kittel, 5:464f.). QUESTION - What does it mean that Jesus is the Son of God? WATCH VIDEO ANSWER - Jesus is not God’s Son in the sense of a human father and a son. God did not get married and have a son. God did not mate with Mary and, together with her, produce a son. Jesus is God’s Son in the sense that He is God made manifest in human form (John 1:1, 14+). Jesus is God’s Son in that He was conceived in Mary by the Holy Spirit. Luke 1:35+ declares, “The angel answered, 'The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God.’” During His trial before the Jewish leaders, the High Priest demanded of Jesus, “I charge you under oath by the living God: Tell us if you are the Christ, the Son of God” (Matthew 26:63+). “‘Yes, it is as you say,’ Jesus replied. ‘But I say to all of you: In the future you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven’” (Matthew 26:64+). The Jewish leaders responded by accusing Jesus of blasphemy (Matthew 26:65-66+). Later, before Pontius Pilate, “The Jews insisted, ‘We have a law, and according to that law He must die, because He claimed to be the Son of God’” (John 19:7+). Why would His claiming to be the Son of God be considered blasphemy and be worthy of a death sentence? The Jewish leaders understood exactly what Jesus meant by the phrase “Son of God.” To be the Son of God is to be of the same nature as God. The Son of God is “of God.” The claim to be of the same nature as God—to in fact be God—was blasphemy to the Jewish leaders; therefore, they demanded Jesus’ death, in keeping with Leviticus 24:15+. Hebrews 1:3+ expresses this very clearly, “The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact representation of His being.” Another example can be found in John 17:12+ where Judas is described as the “son of perdition.” John 6:71+ tells us that Judas was the son of Simon. What does John 17:12+ mean by describing Judas as the “son of perdition”? The word perdition means “destruction, ruin, waste.” Judas was not the literal son of “ruin, destruction, and waste,” but those things were the identity of Judas' life. Judas was a manifestation of perdition. In this same way, Jesus is the Son of God. The Son of God is God. Jesus is God made manifest (John 1:1, 14+). Related Resources: Who is God the Son? What does it mean that Jesus is the son of David? What does it mean that Jesus is God’s only begotten son? Is Jesus God? Why should I believe that Jesus is God? Matthew 26:64 Jesus *said to him, “You have said it yourself; nevertheless I tell you, hereafter you will see THE SON OF MAN SITTING AT THE RIGHT HAND OF POWER, and COMING ON THE CLOUDS OF HEAVEN.” KJV Matthew 26:64 Jesus saith unto him, Thou hast said: nevertheless I say unto you, Hereafter shall ye see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven. BGT Matthew 26:64 λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· σὺ εἶπας. πλὴν λέγω ὑμῖν· ἀπ᾽ ἄρτι ὄψεσθε τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καθήμενον ἐκ δεξιῶν τῆς δυνάμεως καὶ ἐρχόμενον ἐπὶ τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. NET Matthew 26:64 Jesus said to him, "You have said it yourself. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power and coming on the clouds of heaven." CSB Matthew 26:64 "You have said it," Jesus told him. "But I tell you, in the future you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of the Power and coming on the clouds of heaven." ESV Matthew 26:64 Jesus said to him, "You have said so. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven." NIV Matthew 26:64 "Yes, it is as you say," Jesus replied. "But I say to all of you: In the future you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven." NLT Matthew 26:64 Jesus replied, "You have said it. And in the future you will see the Son of Man seated in the place of power at God's right hand and coming on the clouds of heaven." NRS Matthew 26:64 Jesus said to him, "You have said so. But I tell you, From now on you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven." NJB Matthew 26:64 Jesus answered him, 'It is you who say it. But, I tell you that from this time onward you will see the Son of man seated at the right hand of the Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.' You have said it yourself: Mt 26:25+ Matthew 27:11+ Mk 14:62+ Lu 22:70+ Jn 18:37+ Hereafter: Mt 16:27+ Matthew 24:30+ Matthew 25:31+ Da 7:13+ Lu 21:27+ Jn 1:50,51+ Ac 1:11+ Ro 14:10+ 1Th 4:16+ Rev 1:7+ Rev 20:11+ the right: Ps 110:1 Ac 7:55,56+ Heb 1:3+ Heb 12:2+ Related Passages: Daniel 7:13-14+ “I kept looking in the night visions, And behold, with the clouds of heaven One like a Son of Man was coming, And He came up to the Ancient of Days And was presented before Him. 14 “And to Him was given dominion, Glory and a kingdom, That all the peoples, nations and men of every language Might serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion Which will not pass away; And His kingdom is one Which will not be destroyed. Mark 14:62+ And Jesus said, “I am; and you shall see THE SON OF MAN SITTING AT THE RIGHT HAND OF POWER, and COMING WITH THE CLOUDS OF HEAVEN.” Matthew 24:30+ “And then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the SON OF MAN COMING ON THE CLOUDS OF THE SKY with power and great glory. Matthew 25:31+ “But when the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then He will sit on His glorious throne. Revelation 1:7+ BEHOLD, HE IS COMING WITH THE CLOUDS, and every eye will see Him, even those who pierced Him; and all the tribes of the earth will mourn over Him. So it is to be. Amen. Revelation 19:11+ And I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse, and He who sat on it is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He judges and wages war. Psalm 110:1+ A Psalm of David. The LORD says to my Lord: “Sit at My right hand Until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.” JESUS ADMITS TO DIVINITY AND ADDS PROPHECY Jesus (Iesous) *said to him, “You have said it yourself - NIV = "Yes, it is as you say," This is equivalent in Greek to an affirmative reply. In Mk 14:62+ Jesus plainly stated “I am." (ego eimi) (Wouldn't that have been a scene if they all had fallen back like when Jesus was arrested!) Nevertheless I tell you hereafter - Jesus introduces a dramatic contrast. They see Him now before them in His humility, but the next time they would see Him, they would see Him in His glory as the true and living God!