Atos 25
Bob Utley · Citado em PreceptAustin
Atos 25
Utley quips " I would imagine the Jewish leaders wined and dined Festus. They manipulated all the Roman officials." Wikipedia on tribunal - A tribunal, generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputes—whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title. For example, an advocate who appears before a court with a single judge could describe that judge as 'their tribunal'. He went down to Caesarea - Went down as always speaks of down in elevation when compared to Jerusalem. And on the next day he took his seat on the tribunal and ordered Paul to be brought - Notice that Festus again moves quickly and convenes court the day after his arrival from Jerusalem. On the tribunal (Judgment Seat = KJV, NET)(968)(bema from bainō = to step, ascend"; see Wikipedia; picture of bema) in its most common NT use refers to a raised platform on which an official is seated when rendering judgment on certain legal cases. NET Note adds that "The judgment seat (bēma) was a raised platform mounted by steps and sometimes furnished with a seat, used by officials in addressing an assembly or making pronouncements, often on judicial matters. The judgment seat was a familiar item in Greco-Roman culture, often located in the agora, the public square or marketplace in the center of a city." Bema in NT - ground(1), judgment seat(7), rostrum(1), tribunal(3). Matt. 27:19; Jn. 19:13; Acts 7:5; Acts 12:21; Acts 18:12; Acts 18:16; Acts 18:17; Acts 25:6; Acts 25:10; Acts 25:17; Rom. 14:10; 2 Co. 5:10 Ordered (Commanded) (2753)(keleuo) means to give a command, usually as in this context, in an official setting. Keleuo is frequent in Acts - Acts 4:15; Acts 5:34; Acts 8:38; Acts 12:19; Acts 16:22; Acts 21:33; Acts 21:34; Acts 22:24; Acts 22:30; Acts 23:3; Acts 23:10; Acts 23:35; Acts 24:8; Acts 25:6; Acts 25:17; Acts 25:21; Acts 25:23; Acts 27:43 Acts 25:7 After Paul arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing many and serious charges against him which they could not prove, NET Acts 25:7 When he arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing many serious charges that they were not able to prove. GNT Acts 25:7 παραγενομένου δὲ αὐτοῦ περιέστησαν αὐτὸν οἱ ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων καταβεβηκότες Ἰουδαῖοι πολλὰ καὶ βαρέα αἰτιώματα καταφέροντες ἃ οὐκ ἴσχυον ἀποδεῖξαι, NLT Acts 25:7 When Paul arrived, the Jewish leaders from Jerusalem gathered around and made many serious accusations they couldn't prove. KJV Acts 25:7 And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, which they could not prove. ESV Acts 25:7 When he had arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing many and serious charges against him that they could not prove. CSB Acts 25:7 When he arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him and brought many serious charges that they were not able to prove, NIV Acts 25:7 When Paul appeared, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing many serious charges against him, which they could not prove. NKJ Acts 25:7 When he had come, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood about and laid many serious complaints against Paul, which they could not prove, NRS Acts 25:7 When he arrived, the Jews who had gone down from Jerusalem surrounded him, bringing many serious charges against him, which they could not prove. YLT Acts 25:7 and he having come, there stood round about the Jews who have come down from Jerusalem -- many and weighty charges they are bringing against Paul, which they were not able to prove, bringing many and serious charges: Ac 25:24 21:28 Acts 24:5,6,13 Ezr 4:15 Es 3:8 Ps 27:12 35:11 Mt 5:11,12 Mt 26:60-62 Mk 15:3,4 Lu 23:2,10 1Pe 4:14-16 Acts 25 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Paul Appears Before Festus JEWISH ACCUSATIONS AGAINST PAUL, BEFORE FESTUS Even after 2 years the Jews still had no solid evidence against Paul! Regardless of the fact that they had no case against Paul, so great was their hatred that nothing would deter them from trying to destroy him. After Paul arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him - One can imagine this scene with Jewish eyes filled with daggers watching the Apostle Paul, the greatest Jew other than Jesus. Notice the phrase had come down from Jerusalem (verb katabaino) because of Jerusalem's elevation compared to surrounding towns, especially Caesarea on the seacoast. But these Jews came down not just physically but morally and ethically, for they came down to cast lies and slander at Paul. Indeed, they would continue to go down (assuming they never believed in Messiah) to the depths of Sheol (Pr 9:18) and then the Lake of fire, where they would suffer a greater degree of punishment because of their stubborn rejection of a greater degree of Gospel light (cf Lk 10:11-15+)! The Jews that stood around Paul recall a similar scene with his Master, Luke recording "And the chief priests and the scribes were standing there, accusing Him vehemently." (Lk 23:10+)
Atos 25
Utley writes "The right of appeal to Caesar initially started with Octavian in 30 B.C. (cf. Dio Cassius, History, 51.19). This initial dictate was expanded to forbid blinding, scourging, and torture to any Roman citizen who appealed to Caesar (cf. Paulus, Sententiae 5.26.1). Jack Arnold comments that "Some think Paul should not have appealed but merely trusted his life to God who would have supernaturally delivered him as He delivered Peter from prison in an earlier part of Acts. Not so. Paul had rights as a citizen and could use those rights. Furthermore, Paul realized that the whole system of Roman law was ordained by God and he could commit himself to it because God is providentially in control of government. God had permitted the whole Roman legal system to be formed to protect His servant Paul. It was not Roman lawyers and judges who saved Paul from death, but Roman law. If it had not been for Roman law, Paul would not have stood a chance. The Roman judges and lawyers were corrupt but the Roman law system saved Paul from certain death. Corrupt judges and lawyers were forced by their own law to protect the Apostle Paul. Again we see God's hand at work. We left Paul in Acts 24 in jail with no apparent way to get out and be on his way to Rome. But in Acts 25, we have a change of administration, a new trial, a governor who upheld Roman law, and Paul’s appeal which would take him to Rome as a prisoner to appear before Caesar. God works in strange and mysterious ways." (Sermon) Acts 25:12 Then when Festus had conferred with his council, he answered, "You have appealed to Caesar, to Caesar you shall go." NET Acts 25:12 Then, after conferring with his council, Festus replied, "You have appealed to Caesar; to Caesar you will go!" GNT Acts 25:12 τότε ὁ Φῆστος συλλαλήσας μετὰ τοῦ συμβουλίου ἀπεκρίθη, Καίσαρα ἐπικέκλησαι, ἐπὶ Καίσαρα πορεύσῃ. NLT Acts 25:12 Festus conferred with his advisers and then replied, "Very well! You have appealed to Caesar, and to Caesar you will go!" KJV Acts 25:12 Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Caesar? unto Caesar shalt thou go. ESV Acts 25:12 Then Festus, when he had conferred with his council, answered, "To Caesar you have appealed; to Caesar you shall go." CSB Acts 25:12 After Festus conferred with his council, he replied, "You have appealed to Caesar; to Caesar you will go!" NIV Acts 25:12 After Festus had conferred with his council, he declared: "You have appealed to Caesar. To Caesar you will go!" NKJ Acts 25:12 Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, "You have appealed to Caesar? To Caesar you shall go!" NRS Acts 25:12 Then Festus, after he had conferred with his council, replied, "You have appealed to the emperor; to the emperor you will go." YLT Acts 25:12 then Festus, having communed with the council, answered, 'To Caesar thou hast appealed; to Caesar thou shalt go.' to Caesar you shall go: Ac 25:21 19:21 23:11 26:32 27:1 28:16 Ps 76:10 Isa 46:10,11 La 3:37 Da 4:35 Ro 15:28,29 Php 1:12-14,20 Acts 25 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries OFF TO SEE THE EMPEROR God is a promise keeping God! Recall what the Lord Jesus Christ had promised Paul in Acts 23:11+ “Take courage; for as you have solemnly witnessed to My cause at Jerusalem, so you must witness at Rome also.” And now he was on his way to Rome! Then when Festus had conferred with his council, he answered, "You have appealed to Caesar, to Caesar you shall go." - Festus was likely relieved to get this political problem out of his jurisdiction. Conferred (talked with)(4814)(sullaleo from sun/syn = with, speaks of intimacy + laleo = to talk, speak) means to talk together or with, to converse. BDAG = " to exchange thoughts with." This verb means to converse with someone, including a clear implication as to reciprocal response [LN].