2 Samuel 3
Bob Utley · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Samuel 3
Utley - This poetic lament clearly accuses Joab of a wicked, selfish act! Abner was tricked and suddenly attacked. It was an ambush by a supposed covenant representative. TSK Note - The hand of malefactors were usually secured with cords, and their feet with fetters; a custom to which David affectingly alludes in his lamentation over the dust of Abner. Thy hands, O Abner, were not bound, as found to be a malefactor, nor thy feet put in fetters; thou was treated with honour by him whose business it was to judge thee, and thy attachment to the house of Saul was esteemed rather generous than culpable: as the best of men may fall, so thou fellest by the sword of treachery, not of justice. 2 Samuel 3:35 Then all the people came to persuade David to eat bread while it was still day; but David vowed, saying, "May God do so to me, and more also, if I taste bread or anything else before the sun goes down." BGT 2 Samuel 3:35 καὶ ἦλθεν πᾶς ὁ λαὸς περιδειπνῆσαι τὸν Δαυιδ ἄρτοις ἔτι οὔσης ἡμέρας καὶ ὤμοσεν Δαυιδ λέγων τάδε ποιήσαι μοι ὁ θεὸς καὶ τάδε προσθείη ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ δύῃ ὁ ἥλιος οὐ μὴ γεύσωμαι ἄρτου ἢ ἀπὸ παντός τινος LXE 2 Samuel 3:35 And all the people assembled to weep for him. And all the people came to cause David to eat bread while it was yet day: and David swore, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if I eat bread or any thing else before the sun goes down. KJV 2 Samuel 3:35 And when all the people came to cause David to eat meat while it was yet day, David sware, saying, So do God to me, and more also, if I taste bread, or ought else, till the sun be down. NET 2 Samuel 3:35 Then all the people came and encouraged David to eat food while it was still day. But David took an oath saying, "God will punish me severely if I taste bread or anything whatsoever before the sun sets!" CSB 2 Samuel 3:35 Then they came to urge David to eat bread while it was still day, but David took an oath: "May God punish me and do so severely if I taste bread or anything else before sunset!" ESV 2 Samuel 3:35 Then all the people came to persuade David to eat bread while it was yet day. But David swore, saying, "God do so to me and more also, if I taste bread or anything else till the sun goes down!" NIV 2 Samuel 3:35 Then they all came and urged David to eat something while it was still day; but David took an oath, saying, "May God deal with me, be it ever so severely, if I taste bread or anything else before the sun sets!" NLT 2 Samuel 3:35 David had refused to eat anything on the day of the funeral, and now everyone begged him to eat. But David had made a vow, saying, "May God strike me and even kill me if I eat anything before sundown." cause: 2Sa 12:17 Jer 16:7 Eze 24:17,22 do so: 2Sa 3:9 Ru 1:17 before the: 2Sa 1:12 Jdg 20:26 DAVID MOURNS WITH A FAST Then all the people came to persuade David to eat bread while it was still day - Usually the day of a funeral was a day of an elaborate meal but David refused to eat because he was fasting as a sign of mourning to show the people that he had no duplicity in Abner's death. (Utley) but David vowed, saying, "May God do so to me, and more also, if I taste bread or anything else before the sun goes down - David is fasting and refuses food calling down a curse upon himself if he were to eat. 2 Samuel 3:36 Now all the people took note of it, and it pleased them, just as everything the king did pleased all the people. BGT 2 Samuel 3:36 καὶ ἔγνω πᾶς ὁ λαός καὶ ἤρεσεν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐνώπιον τοῦ λαοῦ LXE 2 Samuel 3:36 And all the people took notice, and all things that the king did before the people were pleasing in their sight. KJV 2 Samuel 3:36 And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them: as whatsoever the king did pleased all the people. NET 2 Samuel 3:36 All the people noticed this and it pleased them. In fact, everything the king did pleased all the people. CSB 2 Samuel 3:36 All the people took note of this, and it pleased them. In fact, everything the king did pleased them. ESV 2 Samuel 3:36 And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them, as everything that the king did pleased all the people. NIV 2 Samuel 3:36 All the people took note and were pleased; indeed, everything the king did pleased them. NLT 2 Samuel 3:36 This pleased the people very much. In fact, everything the king did pleased them! as: 2Sa 15:6,13 Ps 62:9 Mk 7:37 15:11-13 DAVID'S REACTION AND ACTIONS PLEASE THE PEOPLE Now all the people took note of it, and it pleased them, just as everything the king did pleased all the people - Literally "was good in their eyes." David’s public actions in this situation were very satisfying to the people. Clearly this was a glorious time for David, reminding one of the story of King Arthur and Camelot in its golden day. As the diagram above demonstrates, the "value of David's stock" was rising during these early, formative years (prior to the debacle with Bathsheba and Uriah). Utley - In this chapter, after Abner's murder David does several things to show Israel that he had no part in Abner's murder. (1) cursed Joab (2) made Joab a public participant of Abner's funeral (3) David publicly and intensely mourned Abner's death (a) wrote a lament (b)refused to eat at the funeral meal (4) David praised Abner (1Sa 3:38-39) The result was that Israel did not hold David responsible for Abner's death (vv. 36-37). Still it took years for the reality of a united monarchy to come to pass. 2 Samuel 3:37 So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it had not been the will of the king to put Abner the son of Ner to death. BGT 2 Samuel 3:37 καὶ ἔγνω πᾶς ὁ λαὸς καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ὅτι οὐκ ἐγένετο παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως θανατῶσαι τὸν Αβεννηρ υἱὸν Νηρ LXE 2 Samuel 3:37 So all the people and all Israel perceived in that day, that it was not of the king to slay Abenner the son of Ner. KJV 2 Samuel 3:37 For all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner. NET 2 Samuel 3:37 All the people and all Israel realized on that day that the killing of Abner son of Ner was not done at the king's instigation. CSB 2 Samuel 3:37 On that day all the troops and all Israel were convinced that the king had no part in the killing of Abner son of Ner. ESV 2 Samuel 3:37 So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it had not been the king's will to put to death Abner the son of Ner. NIV 2 Samuel 3:37 So on that day all the people and all Israel knew that the king had no part in the murder of Abner son of Ner. NLT 2 Samuel 3:37 So everyone in Judah and all Israel understood that David was not responsible for Abner's murder. DAVID IS CLEARLY VINDICATED So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it had not been the will of the king to put Abner the son of Ner to death - Since Joab was David's commander it would have been only natural for the people to think that Joab was acting on David's orders. But David's response of genuine mourning left no doubt that there was no blame on David. David is vindicated before the eyes of the people because of his conduct in this situation. Note that all Israel understood that David's had no part in Abner's murder, a fact that would be important to assure the future unity of his kingdom ESV Study Bible - David’s graciousness and respect for Abner, in contrast to Joab’s vengeance, display the qualities of a godly king, prefiguring the graciousness of Christ. 2 Samuel 3:38 Then the king said to his servants, "Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? BGT 2 Samuel 3:38 καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἡγούμενος μέγας πέπτωκεν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ LXE 2 Samuel 3:38 And the king said to his servants, Know ye not that a great prince is this day fallen in Israel? KJV 2 Samuel 3:38 And the king said unto his servants, Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel? NET 2 Samuel 3:38 Then the king said to his servants, "Do you not realize that a great leader has fallen this day in Israel? CSB 2 Samuel 3:38 Then the king said to his soldiers, "You must know that a great leader has fallen in Israel today. ESV 2 Samuel 3:38 And the king said to his servants, "Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? NIV 2 Samuel 3:38 Then the king said to his men, "Do you not realize that a prince and a great man has fallen in Israel this day? NLT 2 Samuel 3:38 Then King David said to his officials, "Don't you realize that a great commander has fallen today in Israel? a prince: 2Sa 3:12 2:8 1Sa 14:50,51 Job 32:9 KING DAVID'S KIND WORDS CONTINUE Then the king said to his servants, "Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? - David asks this rhetorical question, expecting an affirmative reply. David three times in his lament in chapter 1 said, “How the mighty have fallen!” And now, “a great man has fallen in Israel this day.” Utley - As often happens at funerals, hyperbolic language is used to accentuate the qualities of the dead. This description does not reflect Abner's character! David is using the opportunity to again affirm that he had no part in Abner's murder! 2 Samuel 3:39 "I am weak today, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah are too difficult for me. May the LORD repay the evildoer according to his evil." BGT 2 Samuel 3:39 καὶ ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι σήμερον συγγενὴς καὶ καθεσταμένος ὑπὸ βασιλέως οἱ δὲ ἄνδρες οὗτοι υἱοὶ Σαρουιας σκληρότεροί μού εἰσιν ἀνταποδῷ κύριος τῷ ποιοῦντι πονηρὰ κατὰ τὴν κακίαν αὐτοῦ LXE 2 Samuel 3:39 And that I am this day a mere kinsman of his, and as it were a subject; but these men the sons of Saruia are too hard for me: the Lord reward the evil-doer according to his wickedness. KJV 2 Samuel 3:39 And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah be too hard for me: the LORD shall reward the doer of evil according to his wickedness. NET 2 Samuel 3:39 Today I am weak, even though I am anointed as king. These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too much for me to bear! May the LORD punish appropriately the one who has done this evil thing!" CSB 2 Samuel 3:39 As for me, even though I am the anointed king, I have little power today. These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too fierce for me. May the LORD repay the evildoer according to his evil!" ESV 2 Samuel 3:39 And I was gentle today, though anointed king. These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are more severe than I. The LORD repay the evildoer according to his wickedness!" NIV 2 Samuel 3:39 And today, though I am the anointed king, I am weak, and these sons of Zeruiah are too strong for me. May the LORD repay the evildoer according to his evil deeds!" NLT 2 Samuel 3:39 And even though I am the anointed king, these two sons of Zeruiah-- Joab and Abishai-- are too strong for me to control. So may the LORD repay these evil men for their evil deeds." I am: Ex 21:12 2Ch 19:6,7 Ps 75:10 101:8 Pr 20:8 25:5 weak: Heb. tender, 1Ch 22:5 Isa 7:4 Ro 13:4 the sons: 1Ch 2:15,16 too difficult: 2Sa 19:6,7,13 the Lord: 1Ki 2:5,6,33,34 Psalm of David = Ps 7:16 Ps 28:4 Ps 62:12 2Ti 4:14 DAVID LEAVES JUSTICE IN THE HANDS OF THE LORD I am weak today, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah (David's sister) are too difficult for me - What David is saying is that Joab and Abishai are too strong willed for him to control. The implication is that even he as the anointed king cannot handle them! Warren
2 Samuel 3
Utley - David had the same problem at court that Ish-bosheth had in relation to a right hand man who was impulsive and powerful. David decided to leave Joab's punishment to YHWH. The punishment was specifically given to Solomon at David's death (cf. 1Ki 2:5-6,28-34). Life Application Study Bible (borrow) - Joab and Abishai were the two sons of Zeruiah David mentioned. David had an especially hard time controlling Joab because, although he was intensely loyal, he was strong willed, preferring to do things his own way. In exchange for his loyalty, however, David was willing to give him the flexibility he craved. Joab's murder of Abner is an example of his fierce independence. While David opposed the murder, he allowed it to remain unpunished because (1) to punish Joab could cause the troops to rebel; (2) Joab was David's nephew, and any harsh treatment could cause family problems; (3) Joab was from the tribe of Judah, and David didn't want rebellion from his own tribe; (4) to get rid of Joab would mean losing a skilled and competent commander who had been invaluable in strengthening his army.