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Bob Utley · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Crônicas 2
Utley - This verse lists many of the aspects of tabernacle worship. incense ‒ Exod. 30:1-7 showbread ‒ Exod. 25:30; 40:23; Lev. 24:5-9 burnt offerings each morning and evening (the continual) ‒ Exod. 29:38-42; Num. 28:3-31; 29:6-30 offerings on the sabbaths ‒ Num. 28:9,10; 1 Chr. 23:31 offerings on the new moon ‒ Num. 28:11-15; 1 Chr. 23:3 the appointed feasts ‒ Exod. 23:14-17; 34:22-24; Leviticus 23; Deut. 16:16; 1 Chr. 23:31 All of these were meant to be permanent. Related: Why didn’t God allow David to build the temple? | GotQuestions.org What was Solomon’s temple / the first temple? How many temples were there? | GotQuestions.org What happened at the dedication of Solomon’s temple? How many temples were there? | GotQuestions.org APPOINTED FEASTS - What are the Lord’s appointed times (Leviticus 23)? | GotQuestions.org What are the different Jewish festivals in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org How did Jesus fulfill the meanings of the Jewish feasts? | GotQuestions.org 2 Chronicles 2:5 “The house which I am about to build will be great, for greater is our God than all the gods. great (KJV): 2Ch 2:9 1Ki 9:8 1Ch 29:1 Eze 7:20 great is our God (KJV): Ex 15:11 1Ch 16:25 Ps 86:8,9 135:5 145:3 Jer 10:6 1Ti 6:15 GOD IS GREATER The house which I am about to build will be great, for greater is our God than all the gods - Of course He is greater because the other "gods" are not really gods! There is only one God! Solomon makes it clear that the temple was not to be a monument to his father David, but to the great God. Martin Selman: We don’t know what Hiram’s religious beliefs were. It could be that some traces of the knowledge of YHWH had been preserved in Phoenicia. Solomon may have tried to insert some “evangelism” in his message to Hiram. That would account for the mention of some of the sacrifices and celebration of certain special days. Also the reference to YHWH as being “greater than all other gods” would fit that idea. 2 Chronicles 2:6 “But who is able to build a house for Him, for the heavens and the highest heavens cannot contain Him? So who am I, that I should build a house for Him, except to burn incense before Him? But who (KJV): 2Ch 6:18 1Ki 8:27 Isa 66:1 Ac 7:48,49 is able (KJV): Heb. hath returned, or obtained strength who am I then (KJV): 2Ch 1:10 Ex 3:11 2Sa 7:18 1Ch 29:14 2Co 2:16 Eph 3:8 save only (KJV): De 12:5,6,11,14,26 SOLOMON ALLUDES TO GOD'S OMNIPRESENCE & HIS INADEQUACY But who is able to build a house for Him, for the heavens and the highest heavens cannot contain Him? So who am I, that I should build a house for Him, except to burn incense before Him? - Solomon's attitude of humility is a good pattern for all of us who are involved in the work of the Lord (and that is ALL of us dear follower of Christ). One is reminded of Paul's words in 2 Corinthians 2:16+ "to the one an aroma from death to death, to the other (those who believe the Gospel) an aroma from life to life. And who is adequate for these things?" Paul goes on to answer in 2Co 3:5-6+ some my favorite verses "Not that we are adequate in ourselves to consider anything as coming from ourselves, but our adequacy is from God, Who also made us adequate as servants of a new covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life." THOUGHT - Dearly beloved, first remember we are all (or should all be) involved actively in ministry for the LORD (1Pe 4:10-11+ where "employ" is in the present tense calling for this to our continual practice!), now not so much building His Temple (albeit we are His Temple and should be keeping it holy - 1Co 6:19-20+, 2Co 6:18-7:1+, 1Pe 1:14-17+) but His Kingdom which will soon come to fulfillment when the King returns. Are you involved in this grand "building project?" If so your wages will be paid when the King returns and they are wages that will endure eternally! Second, remember that His "good works" (Eph 2:10+, Mt 5:16+) must be carried in the power of His Spirit (Zech 4:6, Jn 6:63+) to be of eternal value (cf Jn 15:16 - " your fruit would remain"). The Believer's Study Bible - The distinction between Israel's God and the gods of the surrounding ethnic nations is nowhere more clearly delineated than in Solomon's confession that however grand and magnificent his temple might be, the immensity of God utterly dwarfed the temple. Yahweh, like other gods, would have a temple. Unlike other deities worshipped by the nations, Yahweh transcended His temple. Solomon's theology demonstrates advancement far beyond that of Israel's neighbors when he declares that even the highest heaven cannot contain God. Solomon had been shown the truth of God's omnipresence.
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Utley - There are several trees mentioned as prized lumber found in Lebanon -- cedar ‒ 1 Kgs. 5:8,10; 6:9,10,15,16,18,20,36; 7:2,3,7,11,12; 9:11; 1 Chr. 14:1; 17:1,6; 22:4; see CEDAR - USB, Fauna and Flora of the Bible, p. 108 cypress ‒ see CYPRUS - UBS, Fauna and Flora of the Bible, pp. 115-116; algum ‒ 2 Chr. 2:8; 9:10-11; 1 Kgs. 10:11; see ALGUM in UBS, Fauna and Flora of the Bible, p. 88; some call it "sandal-wood"; it was used for temple furniture and musical instruments. The UBS says, "There is great confusion in all versions, ancient and modern, over the identity of evergreens in the Bible" p. 116. All of these woods were beautiful to the sight, easy to work with, long lasting, the timber of choice for temples and palaces. From 1Ch 22:4, it becomes apparent that much of the material for the temple was stockpiled during David's reign. Utley on know how to cut -This VERB (Qal ACTIVE PARTICIPLE) is used in two senses. (1) Here (2Ch 2:8), of master craftsmen who harvested, transported, and formed lumber, cf. Ps. 144:12 and (2) of slave laborers who prepared and hauled firewood for Israel, cf. Deut. 29:11; Josh. 9:21,23,27. Almug [EBD] (1 Kings 10:11, 12) = algum (2 Chr. 2:8; 9:10, 11), in the Hebrew occurring only in the plural almuggim (indicating that the wood was brought in planks), the name of a wood brought from Ophir to be used in the building of the temple, and for other purposes. Some suppose it to have been the white sandal-wood of India, the Santalum album of botanists, a native of the mountainous parts of the Malabar coasts. It is a fragrant wood, and is used in China for incense in idol-worship. Others, with some probability, think that it was the Indian red sandal-wood, the pterocarpus santalinus, a heavy, fine-grained wood, the Sanscrit name of which is valguka. It is found on the Coromandel coast and in Ceylon. Cedar [EBD] (Heb. e'rez, Gr. kedros, Lat. cedrus), a tree very frequently mentioned in Scripture. It was stately (Ezek. 31:3-5), long-branched (Ps. 80:10; 92:12; Ezek. 31:6-9), odoriferous (Cant. 4:11; Hos. 14:6), durable, and therefore much used for boards, pillars, and ceilings (1 Kings 6:9, 10; 7:2; Jer. 22:14), for masts (Ezek. 27:5), and for carved images (Isa. 44:14). It grew very abundantly in Palestine, and particularly on Lebanon, of which it was "the glory" (Isa. 35:2; 60:13). Hiram supplied Solomon with cedar trees from Lebanon for various purposes connected with the construction of the temple and the king's palace (2 Sam. 5:11; 7:2, 7; 1 Kings 5:6, 8,10; 6:9, 10, 15, 16, 18, 20; 7:2, 3, 7, 11, 12; 9:11, etc.). Cedars were used also in the building of the second temple under Zerubbabel (Ezra 3:7). Of the ancient cedars of Lebanon there remain now only some seven or eight. They are not standing together. But beside them there are found between three hundred and four hundred of younger growth. They stand in an amphitheatre fronting the west, about 6,400 feet above the level of the sea. The cedar is often figuratively alluded to in the sacred Scriptures. "The mighty conquerors of olden days, the despots of Assyria and the Pharaohs of Egypt, the proud and idolatrous monarchs of Judah, the Hebrew commonwealth itself, the war-like Ammonites of patriarchal times, and the moral majesty of the Messianic age, are all compared to the towering cedar, in its royal loftiness and supremacy (Isa. 2:13; Ezek. 17:3, 22, 23, 31:3-9; Amos 2:9; Zech. 11:1, 2; Job 40:17; Ps. 29:5; 80:10; 92:12, etc).", Groser's Scrip. Nat. Hist. (See BOX-TREE »636.) 2 Chronicles 2:9 to prepare timber in abundance for me, for the house which I am about to build will be great and wonderful. wonderful great (KJV): Heb. great and wonderful, 2Ch 2:5 7:21 1Ki 9:8 to prepare timber in abundance for me, for the house which I am about to build will be great and wonderful. Dilday - The Sidonians were noted as timber craftsmen in the ancient world, a fact substantiated on the famous Palmero Stone. Its inscription from 2200 B.C. tells us about timber-carrying ships that sailed from Byblos to Egypt about four hundred years previously. The skill of the Sidonians was expressed in their ability to pick the most suitable trees, know the right time to cut them, fell them with care, and then properly treat the logs.” (See The Preacher's Commentary - 1 and 2 Kings - Page 44) 2 Chronicles 2:10 “Now behold, I will give to your servants, the woodsmen who cut the timber, 20,000 kors of crushed wheat and 20,000 kors of barley, and 20,000 baths of wine and 20,000 baths of oil.” I will give (KJV): 1Ki 5:11 Lu 10:7 Ro 13:7,8 baths of wine (KJV): 1Ki 7:26,38 Ezr 7:22 HURAM/HIRAM'S COMPENSATION Now behold, I will give to your servants, the woodsmen who cut the timber, 20,000 kors of crushed wheat and 20,000 kors of barley, and 20,000 baths of wine and 20,000 baths of oil - A KOR was a unit of dry measure equivalent to about 6 bushels (~ 220 liters).That's a "truckload" (as they say) of wheat and barley for the citizens of Tyre! And as far as wine and oil, there was enough for all the citizens of Tyre to take a "bath" (pun intended), because a bath was ~ 6 gallons (~ 22 liters) or 120,000 gallons (440,000 L.) That's a lot of wine and oil! Raymond Dillard: Tyre may have been rich in trade but apparently needed substantial imports to feed her population. The cor is a unit of dry measure, slightly above six bushels, for a total of 125,000 bushels each of wheat and barley. The bath is a unit of liquid measure, approximately six gallons, though the precise standard for these measures at a given time and locality is not known with confidence. (2 Chronicles, Volume 15) The Believer's Study Bible - (2Ch 2:10,11) Solomon was prepared to pay King Hiram's woodsmen with 20,000 "baths" of oil, among other items. The parallel account (1 Kin. 5:11) is not contradictory but indicates that he presented to Hiram's household an additional amount of 20 "kors" of pressed oil as food for his household (see chart, "Monies, Weights, and Measures," Matt. 18:24). The continuing helpful and happy relationship between Hiram of Tyre and Israel is witnessed by Hiram's letter (vv. 11-16), in which the king of Tyre revealed considerable insight into the faith of Israel. BATH [ISBE] BATH - (bath): A liquid measure equal to about 9 gallons, English measure. It seems to have been regarded as a standard for liquid measures (Ezek 45:10), as in the case of the molten sea and the lavers in Solomon's temple (1 Ki 7:26,38), and for measuring oil and wine (2 Ch 2:10; Ezr 7:22; Isa 5:10; Ezek 45:14). Its relation to the homer is given in Ezek 45:11,14). 2 Chronicles 2:11 Then Huram, king of Tyre, answered in a letter sent to Solomon: “Because the LORD loves His people, He has made you king over them.” Because (KJV): 2Ch 9:8 De 7:7,8 1Ki 10:9 Ps 72:17 HURAM/HIRAM'S RESPONSE TO SOLOMON'S REQUEST Then Huram, king of Tyre, answered in a letter sent to Solomon: “Because the LORD loves His people, He has made you king over them.” - Huram is a variant used for the name Hiram meaning “brother of the exalted.” Huram's theology is not bad here and even gets better in verse 12 where he acknowledged God as Creator. Adam
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Utley - Huram/Hiram seems to be a follower of YHWH (ED: HE CERTAINLY KNOWS ABOUT HIM!). He cooperated with David and Solomon. He was not threatened by their power, wealth, and proximity. He acknowledges YHWH's character and plan for Israel. He blesses the God of creation. He sends his choice materials and workmen (i.e., Israel's temple has much in common with Tyrian temples of the day). See Josephus' comments in Antiquities 8.2.6-9. (SEE JOSEPHUS' ENTRY BELOW) 6. Moreover Hiram, King of Tyre, when he had heard that Solomon succeeded to his father’s Kingdom, was very glad of it: for he was a friend of David’s. So he sent ambassadors to him, and saluted him, and congratulated him on the present happy state of his affairs. Upon which Solomon sent him an epistle, the contents of which here follow. (7) Solomon to King Hiram. Know thou that my father would have built a temple to God; but was hindered by wars, and continual expeditions: for he did not leave off to overthrow his enemies, till he made them all subject to tribute. But I give thanks to God for the peace I at present enjoy: and on that account I am at leisure, and design to build an house to God. For God foretold to my father that such an house should he built by me. Wherefore I desire thee to send some of thy subjects with mine, to mount Lebanon, to cut down timber: for the Sidonians are more skilful than our people in cutting of wood. As for wages to the hewers of wood, I will pay whatsoever price thou shalt determine. 7. When Hiram had read this epistle, he was pleased with it; and wrote back this answer to Solomon. King Hiram to King Solomon. It is fit to bless God, that he hath committed thy father’s government to thee; who art a wise man, and endowed with all virtues. As for myself, I rejoice at the condition thou art in: and will be subservient to thee in all that thou sendest to me about. For when by my subjects I have cut down many and large trees of cedar, and cypress wood, I will send them to sea; and will order my subjects to make flotes of them, and to sail to what place soever of thy country thou shalt desire, and leave them there. After which thy subjects may carry them to Jerusalem. But do thou take care to procure us corn for this timber; which we stand in need of, because we inhabit in an island. (8) 8. The copies of these epistles remain at this day, and are preserved not only in our books, but among the Tyrians also: insomuch that if any one would know the certainty about them, he may desire of the keepers of the publick records of Tyre to shew him them, and he will find what is there set down to agree with what we have said. I have said so much out of a desire that my readers may know, that we speak nothing but the truth; and do not compose an history out of some plausible relations, which deceive men and please them at the same time; nor attempt to avoid examination; nor desire men to believe us immediately. Nor are we at liberty to depart from speaking truth, which is the proper commendation of an historian, and yet be blameless. But we insist upon no admission of what we say, unless we be able to manifest its truth by demonstration, and the strongest vouchers. 9. Now King Solomon, as soon as this epistle of the King of Tyre was brought him, commended the readiness and good will he declared therein: and repayed him in what he desired, and sent him yearly twenty thousand cori of wheat: and as many baths of oil. Now the bath is able to contain seventy two sextaries. He also sent him the same measure of wine. So the friendship between Hiram and Solomon hereby increased more and more: and they swore to continue it for ever. And the King appointed a tribute to be laid on all the people, of thirty thousand labourers; whose work he rendred easy to them by prudently dividing it among them. For he made ten thousand cut timber in mount Lebanon, for one month: and then to come home, and rest two months; until the time when the other twenty thousand had finished their task at the appointed time. And so afterward it came to pass, that the first ten thousand returned to their work every fourth month. And it was Adoram who was over this tribute. There were also of the strangers who were left by David, who were to carry the stones, and other materials, seventy thousand: and of those that cut the stones, eighty thousand. Of these three thousand and three hundred were rulers over the rest. He also enjoined them to cut out large stones for the foundations of the temple, and that they should fit them and unite them together in the mountain, and so bring them to the city. This was done not only by our own countrey workmen, but by those workmen whom Hiram sent also. Come Share (2 Chron. 2) BORROW The 365 day devotional commentary The women who ran our Backyard Bible Clubs were concerned. A number of the clubs were held in neighborhood homes where the moms weren’t Christians. Now some of those moms wanted to teach! In some ways their doubts must have reflected Solomon’s as he wrote to Hiram, king of Tyre. Though Tyre had maintained friendly relationships with David, the two nations were of diverse race and religion. Yet Solomon’s letter not only offered to purchase lumber and hire workmen, but even requested a skilled metalworker to supervise his Hebrew artisans! In effect Solomon invited Hiram to have a significant role in constructing a temple dedicated to Israel’s God! Two things are striking about this passage. Solomon went to a Gentile to help him build God’s temple. And that Gentile acknowledged God as no mere local deity, but the One “who made heaven and earth.” Israel had an exclusive relationship with the Lord, rooted in the Abrahamic Covenant and confirmed in history by God’s acts on His people’s behalf. Yet Isaiah spoke frequently of a day when Gentiles will flock to God, called by the bright light of Israel’s Messiah (Isa. 11:10; 42:6; 49:6). The temple of Israel was to be a temple for all mankind. As Jeremiah 16:19 predicts: To You the nations will come from the ends of the earth and say, “Our fathers possessed nothing but false gods, worthless idols that did them no good.” That day of universal salvation is foreshadowed in the fact that God permitted the Gentile Hiram of Tyre to contribute so much to the Jerusalem temple. And the conversion of the Gentiles is foreshadowed by Hiram’s recognition of God as Maker of heaven and earth. Interestingly, the women who ran our Backyard Bible Clubs decided to make the hostesses “teacher’s helpers.” In that role several, like Hiram of old, came to know the Lord. Personal Application When others seem responsive to God, welcome them. Quotable “Take care not to frighten away by stern rigor poor sinners who are trying to lay bare the shocking state of their souls. Speak to them rather of the great mercy of God, and make easy for them what is at best a difficult task. Be especially gentle with those who from weakness of age or sex have not the courage to confess the ugly things they have done. Tell them whatever they have to say will be no news to you. Sometimes people are helped by your telling them about your own lamentable past.”—Francis Xavier 2 Chronicles 2:13 “Now I am sending Huram-abi, a skilled man, endowed with understanding, of Huram (KJV): 2Ch 4:16 Related Passage: 2 Chronicles 4:16 The pails, the shovels, the forks and all its utensils, Huram-abi made of polished bronze for King Solomon for the house of the LORD. 1 Kings 7:13-14 Now King Solomon sent and brought Hiram (Huram-abi) from Tyre. 14 He was a widow’s son from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze; and he was filled with wisdom and understanding and skill for doing any work in bronze. So he came to King Solomon and performed all his work. HIRAM'S ANSWER TO SOLOMON'S REQUEST FOR SKILLED MAN Now I am sending Huram-abi, a skilled man, endowed with understanding - Huram-abi is also called Hiram (1Ki 7:13-14) and is not to be confused with King Hiram of Tyre. Huram-abi was gifted as a metal worker and cast the two pillars named Jachin and Boaz at the entrance of the Temple as well as the metal furnishings within the temple. 2 Chronicles 2:14 the son of a Danite woman and a Tyrian father, who knows how to work in gold, silver, bronze, iron, stone and wood, and in purple, violet, linen and crimson fabrics, and who knows how to make all kinds of engravings and to execute any design which may be assigned to him, to work with your skilled men and with those of my lord David your father. The son (KJV): 1Ki 7:13,14 skilful (KJV): 2Ch 2:7 Ex 31:3,4 Related Passages: 1 Kings 7:13-14 Now King Solomon sent and brought Hiram from Tyre (NOT KING HIRAM - 1Ki 5:1). 14 He was a widow’s son from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze; and he was filled with wisdom and understanding and skill for doing any work in bronze. So he came to King Solomon and performed all his work. 15 He fashioned the two pillars of bronze; (Jachin and Boaz) eighteen cubits was the height of one pillar, and a line of twelve cubits measured the circumference of both. 16 He also made two capitals of molten bronze to set on the tops of the pillars; the height of the one capital was five cubits and the height of the other capital was five cubits. the son of a Danite woman and a Tyrian father, who knows how to work in gold, silver, bronze, iron, stone and wood, and in purple, violet, linen and crimson fabrics, and who knows how to make all kinds of engravings and to execute any design which may be assigned to him, to work with your skilled men and with those of my lord David your father - Huram (Hiram) of Tyre (NOT THE KING HIRAM) was a renowned copper worker who constructed the two pillars of the Temple, one "named...Jachin, and...the left pillar...named it Boaz." (1Ki 7:21) (See Jachin and Boaz) These pillars seem to have been freestanding, being described only as "before the temple" (2Ch 3:17). The pillars themselves were 27 feet in height and 12 feet in circumference, and were topped with ornamental capitals 5 cubits or 7-1/2 feet in height (making a total height of nearly 35 feet). "Boaz" means "in Him (God) is its strength," while "Jachin" may suggest "He will establish." Bob Utley on Huram-abi's mother - from Naphtali or Dan? - He is called "Hiram" and his mother is from the tribe of Naphtali, not Dan. His father was from Tyre. Why the difference is uncertain. Possibly two different traditions or records. Unbelievers often point to differences like this to assert errors in the Bible. This kind of historical detail does not affect the theological issue of inspiration. Henry
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Utley - The number of "supervisors" in 1 Kgs. 5:16 is 3,300, but the LXX supports the Masoretic Text's "3,600." The LXX used a different Hebrew textual tradition than the MT. However, it must be added that the LXX usually agrees with Samuel and Kings against Chronicles; not so here. John Olley -The Chronicler’s account of Solomon’s preparations, supplementing those made by David, concludes by repeating with more details the opening numbers of foreign workers (2Ch 2:2), following the pattern set by David (1Ch 22:2). The details summarize 1Ki 5:13–16, but the Chronicler omits the “30,000” who appear to be Israelites who worked in three shifts to help in Lebanon and mentions only “all the resident aliens who were in the land of Israel” (cf. 2Ch. 8:9 = 1Ki 9:22); “153,600” is his own total of the three figures matched in Kings (70,000 + 80,000 + 3,600). Workers and resources, from within Israel and paid for from outside, some arranged by David and the rest by Solomon, are now organized and at hand. Work can begin on the temple that is “for the name of the Lord” (2Ch 2:1). (See ESV Expository Commentary: 1 Samuel–2 Chronicles) PAUL APPLE - DEVOTIONAL QUESTIONS: 1) Was Huram a believer in the true God of Israel? What was the relationship between the two countries? 2) How do the religious rites cited here (cf. vs. 4) as performed in the context of temple worship find their fulfillment in Jesus Christ? 3) What type of preparation and dedication and quality should be evidenced in our corporate worship today? 4) Were only foreign laborers used in the building project or did Solomon conscript some native born Israelites to help with the project? QUOTES FOR REFLECTION: Raymond Dillard: The actual relationship between Israel and Tyre was one of parity, not vassalage: (1) note the use of “brother” in 1 Kgs 9:13; cf. also 1 Kgs 20:33; (2) Hiram’s services required full recompense, hardly a sign of vassalage (1 Kgs 5:23 [9]); (3) the treaty between the powers gives no hint of subordination (1 Kgs 5:23 [9]). The relationship between Hiram and Solomon may have been cemented by diplomatic marriage (1 Kgs 11:1, 5). (2 Chronicles, Volume 15) John Olley - The mention of this foreign support is a looking forward to the time when “every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father” (Phil. 2:10–11). Past events become pointers to the purposes of the Maker of heaven and earth. . . Solomon’s focus on the function of “offerings,” the activity for which the temple was built, is a reminder that all of the resources and structures of the church are to bring glory to God as we bring him the sacrifices of “praise . . . , not neglect[ing] to do good and to share what you have, for such sacrifices are pleasing to God” (Heb. 13:15, 16). We are enabled to do so because God has first given to his people the gifts that are needed (Eph. 2:8–10; 4:4–24). (See ESV Expository Commentary: 1 Samuel–2 Chronicles) J.A. Thompson: Several aspects of worship emerge from Solomon's letter. First, true worship cannot abandon all tradition. On the one hand, of course, the temple would be a new thing in Israel. On the other hand, it would include worship—the sacrifice, incense, and prayers—with which the people were familiar and indeed which had been decreed by God himself (2Ch 2:4). Novelty can be good, but not if neither Scripture nor the people of God recognize it as true worship. Second, true worship is spiritual and recognizes that the architecture and ceremony of human houses of worship cannot capture what God himself is (2Ch 2:6). If we ever think that some place, ceremony, or object has captured the essence of the God we worship, we are in idolatry. Third, true worship pays attention to quality. Solomon demanded that Hiram send only the best (2Ch 2:7–10). We make a mockery of worship if we suppose that God is indifferent to shabbiness and laziness in our preaching, singing, and even our preparation of the place of worship. Finally, true worship bears witness to the outside world of the great God whom we worship (2Ch 2:5) (See 1, 2 Chronicles: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition) Frederick Mabie: The importance of a temple relates directly to the notion of sacred space—a place wherein the human realm could intersect with the divine realm and act as a conduit for divine presence and blessing. Since temples were understood to be sacred space (holy ground), the layout, features, and requisite rituals of these temples were connected to the attributes, provision, and strength of the deity. In Israel, the mediation of divine presence and holiness was the driving force behind the great importance attached to the proper procedures of approaching the holy space, usage of sanctified items, and human holiness. The careful attention to the design of the temple structure and legal stipulations pertaining to entering the temple reflect the importance of properly navigating sacred space. Such procedure and protocols function to establish and maintain proper boundaries between the sacred and human realm. The importance of maintaining boundaries for sacred space is also reflected in the use of veils and doors to separate the innermost area of the temple. Such barriers reflect metaphysical and theological points of separation between a holy God and a fallen human race. Moreover, such barriers are reminders of the necessity of approaching—and worshiping—God on his terms within the temple context. (See The Expositor's Bible Commentary: 1 Chronicles-Job - Page 167) Geoffrey Kirkland: What are some LESSONS ON PROPER WORSHIP from 2 Chronicles 2… 8 instructive lessons for us: 1. We need a proper FORM/STRUCTURE of worship (ordained by God Himself in Scripture) 2. We need a proper WITNESS in worship (bear witness to the outside world of our great God) 3. We need a proper GOD-CENTEREDNESS in worship (our house/temple doesn't capture who God is) 4. We need a proper QUALITY in worship (we give God our best) 5. We need a proper INTEGRITY/HEARTFULNESS in worship (no shabby slothful 'leftovers' worship) 6. We need a proper CORPORATENESS/TOGETHERNESS in worship (this is together) 7. We need a proper REGULARITY in worship (they sacrifice daily, weekly bread, this is repeated, ongoing, regular, frequent) 8. We need a proper HUMILITY in worship (Solomon said: "who am I that I should come and bring to God worship?”) BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR 1-2 CHRONICLES NOTE: SOME CAN BE BORROWED FROM ARCHIVE.ORG Archer, Gleason L. Jr. A survey of Old Testament introduction (BORROW). Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1964. Baxter, J. Sidlow. Explore the Book Vol. 2 Judges to Esther . Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1960. Boda, Mark J. Cornerstone Biblical Commentary – 1-2 Chronicles. (Digital version) Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2010. Braun, Roddy. Word Biblical Commentary – Volume 14 –1 Chronicles (BORROW). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2018. Cooper, Derek. Reformation Commentary on Scripture – Old Testament V – 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings, 1-2 Chronicles. (Digital version) Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2016. Constable, Thomas - 1&2 Chronicles (ONLINE) Daniel, Ron - Teaching Notes - 1 Chronicles; 2 Chronicles (ONLINE) Dillard, Raymond B. Word Biblical Commentary – Volume 15 – 2 Chronicles (BORROW) Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2018. Ellison, H. L. The New Bible commentary, revised – 1 & 2 Chronicles (BORROW). Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1970. Guzik, David. Enduring Word Bible Commentary 1 Chronicles; 2 Chronicles (ONLINE) Hill, Andrew E. The NIV Application Commentary – 1 & 2 Chronicles. (Digital version) Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2003. Keil, C. F. and Delitzsch, F. Commentary on the Old Testament – 1 Chronicles & 2 Chronicles. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1975. Konkel, August H. Believers Church Bible Commentary – 1 & 2 Chronicles. (Multipart video series also available) Harrisonburg, VA: Herald Press, 2016. Mabie, Frederick J. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary Revised Edition – 1 & 2 Chronicles. (Digital Version) Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010. (See Page 167) MacArthur, John. The MacArthur Study Bible (BORROW). Nelson Bibles, 2006. Olley, John W. (ED: IAIN DUGUID) ESV Expository Commentary, Vol. III – 1 Samuel – 2 Chronicles. (Digital Version) Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2019. Payne, J. Barton. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary – 1 & 2 Chronicles. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1988. Schultz, John. - 1 Chronicles (177 pages), 2 Chronicles (239 pages) (ONLINE) Selman, Martin J. Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries – 1 Chronicles. (BORROW)Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994. Selman, Martin J. Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries – 2 Chronicles. (BORROW) Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994. Sherwin, Simon & Mabie, Frederick J. Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary -- 1 & 2 Chronicles. (Digital Version) Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009. Thompson, J.A. The New American Commentary – Volume 9 – 1, 2 Chronicles. (Digital Version) Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 1994. Utley, Bob. 1 Chronicles Table of Contents; 2 Chronicles Table of Contents http://www.freebiblecommentary.org/old_testament_studies/VOL07BOT/VOL07BOT.html Walton, John, et al - The IVP Bible Background Commentary Old Testament IVP - InterVarsity Press 2000. Wiersbe, Warren W. Be Restored – Trusting God to See Us Through – OT Commentary – 2 Samuel & 1 Chronicles. (BORROW) Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 2010. (OT Commentary) Wiersbe, Warren W. Be Distinct – Standing Firmly Against the World’s Tides – OT Commentary – 2 Kings & 2 Chronicles. (BORROW) Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 2010. (OT Commentary) Williamson, H.G.M. New Century Bible Commentary – 1 and 2 Chronicles. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers 1982. Wood, Leon. A Survey of Israel’s History. (BORROW) Grand Rapids: MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1970. Believer's Study Bible (Digital Version) Ryrie Study Bible - BORROW Defender's Study Bible - BORROW