1 Samuel 19

Arthur Pink · Citado em PreceptAustin

1 Samuel 19

Pink - How vivid and how solemn is the contrast presented between the last sentence of the preceding chapter (1Sa 18:30) and the opening one of this! And yet perhaps the spiritually minded would hardly expect anything else. When the “name” of the “Beloved” (for that is what “David” signifies) is “much set by,” we are prepared to see the immediate raging of the enemy—personified here by Saul. Yes, the picture here presented to our view is true to life. Nothing is more calculated to call into action the enmity of the Serpent against the woman’s Seed than the extolling of His “name,” with all that scripturally includes. It was thus in the days of the apostles. When they announced that “There is none other Name under heaven given among men whereby we must be saved” (Acts 4:12), the Jewish leaders “commanded them not to speak at all nor teach in the name of Jesus” (v. 18); and because they heeded not, the apostle’s were “beaten” and again commanded “not to speak in the name of Jesus” (Acts 5:40). 1 Samuel 19:2 So Jonathan told David saying, "Saul my father is seeking to put you to death. Now therefore, please be on guard in the morning, and stay in a secret place and hide yourself. BGT 1 Samuel 19:2 καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν Ιωναθαν τῷ Δαυιδ λέγων Σαουλ ζητεῖ θανατῶσαί σε φύλαξαι οὖν αὔριον πρωὶ καὶ κρύβηθι καὶ κάθισον κρυβῇ LXE 1 Samuel 19:2 And Jonathan, Saul's son, loved David much: and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul seeks to kill thee: take heed to thyself therefore to-morrow morning, and hide thyself, and dwell in secret. KJV 1 Samuel 19:2 But Jonathan Saul's son delighted much in David: and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill thee: now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself until the morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself: NET 1 Samuel 19:2 So Jonathan told David, "My father Saul is trying to kill you. So be careful tomorrow morning. Find a hiding place and stay in seclusion. CSB 1 Samuel 19:2 so he told him: "My father Saul intends to kill you. Be on your guard in the morning and hide in a secret place and stay there. ESV 1 Samuel 19:2 And Jonathan told David, "Saul my father seeks to kill you. Therefore be on your guard in the morning. Stay in a secret place and hide yourself. NIV 1 Samuel 19:2 and warned him, "My father Saul is looking for a chance to kill you. Be on your guard tomorrow morning; go into hiding and stay there. NLT 1 Samuel 19:2 told him what his father was planning. "Tomorrow morning," he warned him, "you must find a hiding place out in the fields. NRS 1 Samuel 19:2 Jonathan told David, "My father Saul is trying to kill you; therefore be on guard tomorrow morning; stay in a secret place and hide yourself. NJB 1 Samuel 19:2 and Jonathan warned David, 'My father Saul is looking for a way to kill you, so be on your guard tomorrow morning; go into hiding, stay out of sight. NAB 1 Samuel 19:2 told him: "My father Saul is trying to kill you. Therefore, please be on your guard tomorrow morning; get out of sight and remain in hiding. YLT 1 Samuel 19:2 and Jonathan son of Saul delighted exceedingly in David, and Jonathan declareth to David, saying, 'Saul my father is seeking to put thee to death, and, now, take heed, I pray thee, in the morning, and thou hast abode in a secret place, and been hidden, Jonathan: 1Sa 20:2 Pr 17:17 Ac 9:24 23:16 1 Samuel 19 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries FOREWARNED IS FOREARMED If you say `Forewarned is forearmed,' you are saying that if you know about a problem or situation in advance, you will be able to deal with it when you need to. David would be a fugitive from Saul the rest of his days. Talk about God taking David through a difficult school with all the trials he would soon experience! So Jonathan told David - So serves as a term of conclusion in this context, this conclusion being based on their genuine, deep friendship. Jonathan disobeys his father's command because it was a sin against God's clear law in Ex 20:13! Recall also that he and David had cut covenant with one another and thus entered into the most solemn, binding and intimate agreement that was known to exist between men. Part of that covenant agreement was to be the protector of the other party! Jonathan's disobedience to his father's authority because he was asking for him to commit a sin reminds one of Peter and the apostles in Acts 5:29+ when they declared to the Jewish leaders “We must obey God rather than men." saying, "Saul my father is seeking to put you to death - NLT - "told him what his father was planning" Now therefore, please be on guard in the morning, and stay in a secret place and hide yourself - Recall Jonathan loved David as himself, so he took his father's threat personally and did not hesitate to warn David. 1 Samuel 19:3 "I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will speak with my father about you; if I find out anything, then I will tell you." BGT 1 Samuel 19:3 καὶ ἐγὼ ἐξελεύσομαι καὶ στήσομαι ἐχόμενος τοῦ πατρός μου ἐν ἀγρῷ οὗ ἐὰν ᾖς ἐκεῖ καὶ ἐγὼ λαλήσω περὶ σοῦ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου καὶ ὄψομαι ὅ τι ἐὰν ᾖ καὶ ἀπαγγελῶ σοι LXE 1 Samuel 19:3 And I will go forth, and stand near my father in the field where thou shalt be, and I will speak concerning thee to my father; and I will see what his answer may be, and I will tell thee. KJV 1 Samuel 19:3 And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where thou art, and I will commune with my father of thee; and what I see, that I will tell thee. NET 1 Samuel 19:3 I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are. I will speak about you to my father. When I find out what the problem is, I will let you know." CSB 1 Samuel 19:3 I'll go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are and talk to him about you. When I see what he says, I'll tell you." ESV 1 Samuel 19:3 And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will speak to my father about you. And if I learn anything I will tell you." NIV 1 Samuel 19:3 I will go out and stand with my father in the field where you are. I'll speak to him about you and will tell you what I find out." NLT 1 Samuel 19:3 I'll ask my father to go out there with me, and I'll talk to him about you. Then I'll tell you everything I can find out." NRS 1 Samuel 19:3 I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will speak to my father about you; if I learn anything I will tell you." NJB 1 Samuel 19:3 I shall go out and keep my father company in the countryside where you will be, and shall talk to my father about you; I shall see what the situation is and then tell you.' NAB 1 Samuel 19:3 I, however, will go out and stand beside my father in the countryside where you are, and will speak to him about you. If I learn anything, I will let you know." YLT 1 Samuel 19:3 and I -- I go out, and have stood by the side of my father in the field where thou art, and I speak of thee unto my father, and have seen what is coming, and have declared to thee.' what I see: 1Sa 20:9,13 1 Samuel 19 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries JONATHAN PROMISES TO RECONNOITER To reconnoiter is to make a military observation, which is a good description of the current events for Saul has just declared war (in effect) on David! To make a preliminary examination of (an area or a group, for example), usually by moving around and observing, in order to gather information, especially for military purposes. Jonathan will reconnoiter the enemy position of King Saul. I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will speak with my father about you; if I find out anything, then I will tell you - Jonathan is like David's covert agent in the palace, his friend in high places who promises to relay any new information back to David. 1 Samuel 19:4 Then Jonathan spoke well of David to Saul his father and said to him, "Do not let the king sin against his servant David, since he has not sinned against you, and since his deeds have been very beneficial to you. BGT 1 Samuel 19:4 καὶ ἐλάλησεν Ιωναθαν περὶ Δαυιδ ἀγαθὰ πρὸς Σαουλ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν μὴ ἁμαρτησάτω ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς τὸν δοῦλόν σου Δαυιδ ὅτι οὐχ ἡμάρτηκεν εἰς σέ καὶ τὰ ποιήματα αὐτοῦ ἀγαθὰ σφόδρα LXE 1 Samuel 19:4 And Jonathan spoke favorably concerning David to Saul his father, and said to him, Let not the king sin against thy servant David, for he has not sinned against thee, and his deeds are very good. KJV 1 Samuel 19:4 And Jonathan spake good of David unto Saul his father, and said unto him, Let not the king sin against his servant, against David; because he hath not sinned against thee, and because his works have been to thee-ward very good: NET 1 Samuel 19:4 So Jonathan spoke on David's behalf to his father Saul. He said to him, "The king should not sin against his servant David, for he has not sinned against you. On the contrary, his actions have been very beneficial for you. CSB 1 Samuel 19:4 Jonathan spoke well of David to his father Saul. He said to him: "The king should not sin against his servant David. He hasn't sinned against you; in fact, his actions have been a great advantage to you. ESV 1 Samuel 19:4 And Jonathan spoke well of David to Saul his father and said to him, "Let not the king sin against his servant David, because he has not sinned against you, and because his deeds have brought good to you. NIV 1 Samuel 19:4 Jonathan spoke well of David to Saul his father and said to him, "Let not the king do wrong to his servant David; he has not wronged you, and what he has done has benefited you greatly. NLT 1 Samuel 19:4 The next morning Jonathan spoke with his father about David, saying many good things about him. "The king must not sin against his servant David," Jonathan said. "He's never done anything to harm you. He has always helped you in any way he could. NRS 1 Samuel 19:4 Jonathan spoke well of David to his father Saul, saying to him, "The king should not sin against his servant David, because he has not sinned against you, and because his deeds have been of good service to you; NJB 1 Samuel 19:4 Jonathan spoke highly of David to Saul his father and said, 'The king should not harm his servant David; far from harming you, what he has done has been greatly to your advantage. NAB 1 Samuel 19:4 Jonathan then spoke well of David to his father Saul, saying to him: "Let not your majesty sin against his servant David, for he has committed no offense against you, but has helped you very much by his deeds. YLT 1 Samuel 19:4 And Jonathan speaketh good of David unto Saul his father, and saith unto him, 'Let not the king sin against his servant, against David, because he hath not sinned against thee, and because his works for thee are very good; spoke well: 1Sa 20:32 22:14 Pr 24:11,12 31:8,9 Jer 18:20 sin against: 1Sa 2:25 Ge 9:6 42:22 2Ch 6:22 1Co 8:12 1Jn 3:15 since his deeds: Ps 35:12 109:4,5 Pr 17:13 Jer 18:20 1 Samuel 19 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries JONATHAN COURAGEOUSLY REASONS WITH SAUL Then Jonathan spoke well of David to Saul his father - Remember Saul had previously once almost called for his own son's life. So this took courage for Jonathan to confront an impetuous man like Saul. Jonathan will remind Saul of first the danger of falling into the trap of sin and then the good that David had done for Saul. and said to him, "Do not let the king sin against his servant David, since he has not sinned against you, and since his deeds have been very beneficial to you - Note Jonathan reminds Saul that David is Saul's servant and that it is not reasonable to commit sin against a servant, especially one who has been such a help to the king. The NJB says "what he has done has been greatly to your advantage." 1 Samuel 19:5 "For he took his life in his hand and struck the Philistine, and the LORD brought about a great deliverance for all Israel; you saw it and rejoiced. Why then will you sin against innocent blood by putting David to death without a cause?" BGT 1 Samuel 19:5 καὶ ἔθετο τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπάταξεν τὸν ἀλλόφυλον καὶ ἐποίησεν κύριος σωτηρίαν μεγάλην καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ εἶδον καὶ ἐχάρησαν καὶ ἵνα τί ἁμαρτάνεις εἰς αἷμα ἀθῷον θανατῶσαι τὸν Δαυιδ δωρεάν LXE 1 Samuel 19:5 And he put his life in his hand, and smote the Philistine, and the Lord wrought a great deliverance; and all Israel saw, and rejoined: why then dost thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause? KJV 1 Samuel 19:5 For he did put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great salvation for all Israel: thou sawest it, and didst rejoice: wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause? NET 1 Samuel 19:5 He risked his life when he struck down the Philistine and the LORD gave all Israel a great victory. When you saw it, you were happy. So why would you sin against innocent blood by putting David to death for no reason?" CSB 1 Samuel 19:5 He took his life in his hands when he struck down the Philistine, and the LORD brought about a great victory for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced, so why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason?" ESV 1 Samuel 19:5 For he took his life in his hand and he struck down the Philistine, and the LORD worked a great salvation for all Israel. You saw it, and rejoiced. Why then will you sin against innocent blood by killing David without cause?" NIV 1 Samuel 19:5 He took his life in his hands when he killed the Philistine. The LORD won a great victory for all Israel, and you saw it and were glad. Why then would you do wrong to an innocent man like David by killing him for no reason?" NLT 1 Samuel 19:5 Have you forgotten about the time he risked his life to kill the Philistine giant and how the LORD brought a great victory to all Israel as a result? You were certainly happy about it then. Why should you murder an innocent man like David? There is no reason for it at all!" NRS 1 Samuel 19:5 for he took his life in his hand when he attacked the Philistine, and the LORD brought about a great victory for all Israel. You saw it, and rejoiced; why then will you sin against an innocent person by killing David without cause?" NJB 1 Samuel 19:5 He took his life in his hands, he killed the Philistine, and Yahweh brought about a great victory for all Israel. You saw for yourself. How pleased you were! Why then sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason?' NAB 1 Samuel 19:5 When he took his life in his hands and slew the Philistine, and the LORD brought about a great victory for all Israel through him, you were glad to see it. Why, then, should you become guilty of shedding innocent blood by killing David without cause?" YLT 1 Samuel 19:5 yea, he putteth his life in his hand, and smiteth the Philistine, and Jehovah worketh a great salvation for all Israel; thou hast seen, and dost rejoice, and why dost thou sin against innocent blood, to put David to death for nought?' put his life: 1Sa 28:21 Jdg 9:17 12:3 Ps 119:109 Ac 20:24 Php 2:30 struck: 1Sa 17:49-51 brought: 1Sa 11:13 14:45 17:52,53 Ex 14:13 1Ch 11:14 Heb 2:3 sin against innocent: 1Sa 20:32 Jer 26:15 Mt 27:4,24 without a cause: Ps 25:3 69:4 Joh 15:25 1 Samuel 19 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries JONATHAN EMPHASIZES DAVID'S GOOD WORKS FOR SAUL For - Term of explanation. Jonathan explains the good David had done for Saul. he took his life in his hand and struck the Philistine, and the LORD brought about a great deliverance for all Israel; you saw it and rejoiced. - Jonathan emphasizes how David had already put his life on the line for Saul resulting in deliverance for the entire nation. Had David lost, they would be slaves to the Philistines. Such a great victory brought Saul joy which Jonathan wants his father to remember now. Why then will you sin against innocent blood by putting David to death without a cause - This is the second time Jonathan brings up the "S" word, sin, to his father. He is trying to reason with him about the greatness of his sin should he kill an innocent man, a truth he reiterates by saying killing him without a cause. MacArthur makes a good point - Jonathan knew that the spilling of innocent blood would affect all Israel, not just the house of Saul (Dt 21:8, 9+). (BORROW The MacArthur Study Bible)

1 Samuel 19

Pink - . Once more we see how easy it is for wicked men to make use of pious expressions, and appear to superficial observers godly men. The sequel shows of what little value is the solemn oath of a king, and warns us to place no confidence in the engagements of earthly rulers. They who are acquainted with the Scriptures are not surprised when even national and international treaties become only worthless “scraps of paper.” F B

1 Samuel 19

Pink - How often unsaved people, after sudden conviction have resolved to break from their evil doings, and serve the Lord, but only after a short season to return to their course of sin, like a washed sow to her wallowing in the mire (2 Peter 2:22), Where there has been no miracle of mercy wrought within the heart, no change of disposition, and where there is no dependence upon divine grace for needed strength, resolutions, however sincere and earnest, seldom produce any lasting effect. Unmortified lusts quickly break through the most solemn vows; where the fear of God does not possess the heart, fresh temptations soon arouse the dormant corruptions, and this gives Satan good opportunity to regain complete mastery over his victim. Walter Kaiser - go to page 211 in Hard Sayings of the Bible for discussion of the question - 1 Samuel 16:14 An Evil Spirit from the Lord? Just as the prophet Samuel anointed David as the next king, King Saul became bereft of the Spirit of God and fell into ugly bouts of melancholia, which were attributed to an evil spirit sent from the Lord. The Spirit of God had overwhelmed Saul when he had assumed the role of king over the land (1 Sam 10:6, 10; 11:6). Exactly what the Spirit’s presence with Saul entailed is not explained, but it seems to have included the gift of government, the gift of wisdom and prudence in civil matters, and a spirit of fortitude and courage. These gifts can be extrapolated from the evidence that after Saul was anointed king, he immediately shed his previous shyness and reticence to be in the public eye. It is obvious that Saul did not have a natural aptitude for governing, for if he had, why did he hide among the baggage when he knew already what the outcome would be? But when the Spirit of God came upon him in connection with the threatened mutilation of the citizens of Jabesh Gilead (1 Sam 11), and Saul sent out word that all able-bodied men were to report immediately for battle, the citizens of Israel were so startled that this had come from the likes of Saul that they showed up in force. God had suddenly gifted him with the “Spirit of God” (1 Sam 11:6), and Saul was a great leader for twenty years (1 Sam 14:47–48). But all of this was lost as suddenly as it had been gained—the Spirit had removed his gift of government. But what was the evil spirit mentioned here and in 1 Samuel 18:10 and 19:9? The ancient historian Josephus explained it as follows: “But as for Saul, some strange and demonical disorders came upon him, and brought upon him such suffocations as were ready to choke him” (Antiquities 6.8.2). Keil and Delitzsch likewise attributed Saul’s problem to demon possession. They specified that this was not merely an inward feeling of depression at the rejection announced to him, … but a higher evil power, which took possession of him, and not only deprived him of his peace of mind, but stirred up the feelings, ideas, imagination, and thoughts of his soul to such an extent that at times it drove him even into madness. This demon is called “an evil spirit [coming] from Jehovah” because Jehovah sent it as a punishment. A second suggestion is that this evil spirit was a messenger, by analogy with the situation in 1 Kings 22:20–23. This unspecified messenger did his work by the permission of God. A third suggestion is that this evil spirit was a “spirit of discontent” created in Saul’s heart by God because of his continued disobedience. Whatever the malady was, and whatever its source, one of the temporary cures for its torments was music. David’s harp-playing would soothe Saul’s frenzied condition, so that he would once again gain control of his emotions and actions (1 Sam 16:14–23). All this happened by the permission of God rather than as a result of his directive will, for God cannot be the author of anything evil. But the exact source of Saul’s torment cannot be determined with any degree of certitude. The Lord may well have used a messenger, or even just an annoying sense of disquietude and discontent. Yet if Saul really was a believer—and I think there are enough evidences to affirm that he was—then it is difficult to see how he could have been possessed by a demon. Whether believers can be possessed by demons, however, is still being debated by theologians. Gleason Archer - go to page 183 in The Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties for the discussion of the topic -First Samuel 18:10 says that an evil spirit from God came on King Saul. How can this be explained if only good comes from God? It is not quite accurate to say that only good comes from God. While it is true that God’s original creation was good (Gen. 1:31) and that God Himself is not tempted by evil, nor does He tempt (in the sense of attracting or enticing) any man to evil (James 1:13), nevertheless it remains true that genuine goodness in a moral God requires that a real difference be made between good and evil. As the ordainer and preserver of the moral order, it is absolutely necessary for God to punish sin, no matter how much love and compassion He may feel toward the sinner. In Isaiah 45:7 we read, “[I am] the One forming light and creating darkness, causing well-being and creating calamity; I am the LORD who does all these” (NASB). The word rendered by NASB as “calamity” is the Hebrew rāʿ, which has the basic meaning of “evil” (either moral evil or misfortune evil). Here it points to the painful, harmful consequences that followed the commission of sin. Notice how James goes on to indicate how this process works: “But each one is tempted when he is carried away and enticed by his own lust. Then when lust has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and when sin is accomplished, it brings forth death” (James 1:14–15, NASB). In Saul’s case, he had knowingly flouted the law of God—first, by performing priestly sacrifice at the Lord’s altar contrary to the divine command (1 Sam. 13:12–13), and, second, by sparing King Agag and some of the cattle of the Amalekites after he had been ordered to put them all to death (1 Sam. 15:20–23). Moreover in 1 Samuel 18:8 it is stated that Saul became insanely jealous of young David because of the public praise he had received for his prowess in slaying Goliath and the Philistines. By these successive acts of rebellion against the will and law of God, King Saul left himself wide open to satanic influence—just as Judas Iscariot did after he had determined to betray the Lord Jesus (cf. John 13:2). Insofar as God has established the spiritual laws of cause and effect, it is accurate to say that Saul’s disobedience cut him off from the guidance and communion of the Holy Spirit that he had formerly enjoyed and left him a prey to a malign spirit of depression and intense jealousy that drove him increasingly to irrational paranoia. Although he was doubtless acting as an agent of Satan, Saul’s evil bent was by the permission and plan of God. We must realize that in the last analysis all penal consequences for sin come from God, as the Author of the moral law and the one who always does what is right (Gen. 18:25). QUESTION - Why did God send an evil spirit to torment King Saul? ANSWER - First Samuel 16:14 says, “The Spirit of the LORD had departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the LORD tormented him.” This is also mentioned in 1 Samuel 16:15–16, 23; 18:10; and 19:9. Why did God let an evil spirit torment Saul? In what way was the evil spirit “from” the Lord? First, the evil spirit was “from” the Lord in that it was allowed by God to harass Saul. Ultimately, all created things are under God’s control. It is likely that this evil spirit was part of God’s judgment upon Saul for his disobedience. Saul had directly disobeyed God on two occasions (1 Samuel 13:1–14; 15:1–35). Therefore, God removed His Spirit from Saul and allowed an evil spirit to torment him. Likely, Satan and the demons had always wanted to attack Saul; God was now simply giving them permission to do so. Second, the evil spirit was used to bring David into the life of Saul. This account is recorded immediately following David’s anointing as the future king of Israel. The reader would be wondering how a shepherd boy would become king. First Samuel 16 reveals the first step in this journey. When the king’s servants saw the torment Saul was enduring, they suggested, “See, an evil spirit from God is tormenting you. Let our lord command his servants here to search for someone who can play the lyre. He will play when the evil spirit from God comes on you, and you will feel better” (1 Samuel 16:15–16). One of the king’s servants referred David to the king, describing the youth as a great harp player, among other things (verse 18). Saul called David to come and found him to be a great comfort: “David came to Saul and entered his service. Saul liked him very much, and David became one of his armor-bearers. Then Saul sent word to Jesse, saying, ‘Allow David to remain in my service, for I am pleased with him.’ Whenever the spirit from God came on Saul, David would take up his lyre and play. Then relief would come to Saul; he would feel better, and the evil spirit would leave him” (1 Samuel 16:21–23). It is important to note that this evil spirit that troubled Saul was only temporary. The final verse notes that the evil spirit came on multiple occasions to bother Saul, but also it departed from him. A related question is, does God send evil spirits to torment people today? There are examples of individuals in the New Testament being turned over to Satan or demons for punishment. God allowed Ananias and Sapphira to be filled with the spirit of Satan as a warning and example to the early church (Acts 5:1–11). A man in the Corinthian church was committing incest and adultery, and God commanded the leaders to “hand him over to Satan” to destroy his sinful nature and save his soul (1 Corinthians 5:1–5). God allowed a messenger of Satan to torment the apostle Paul in order to teach him to rely on God’s grace and power and not become conceited because of the tremendous abundance of spiritual truth he was given (2 Corinthians 12:7). The New Testament reveals how God can use the presence of evil spirits to reveal His power. Jesus showed His power over demons on multiple occasions; every time Jesus cast out a demon, it was an affirmation of the Lord’s authority. The account of Jesus’ casting out the demons who entered a herd of pigs indicates that perhaps as many as 2,000 evil spirits were present, yet they all feared the power of Christ (Mark 5:1–13). If God does allow evil spirits to torment people today, He does so with the goal of our good and His glory (Romans 8:28). And, just as in Job’s case, Satan and his minions can do only what God allows them to do (Job 1:12; 2:6). They never act independently of God’s sovereign and perfect will and purpose. If believers suspect they are being tormented by demonic forces, the first response is to repent of any known sin. Then we should ask for wisdom to understand what we are to learn from the situation. Then we are to submit to whatever God has allowed in our lives, trusting that it will result in the building up of our faith and the glory of God. Evil spirits are no match for the power of God. As Ephesians 6:10–12 commands, “Be strong in the Lord and in his mighty power. Put on the full armor of God, so that you can take your stand against the devil’s schemes. For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms.” GotQuestions.org Related Resource: For a thorough treatment of the Holy Spirit's role in the OT I would strongly recommend Dr Leon Wood's book The Holy Spirit in the Old Testament which can be borrowed. He has an entire chapter on Saul and Evil Spirits An Evil Spirit from the Lord'-Demonic Influence or Divine Instrument?" The Evangelical Quarterly 70.1 (Jan.-Mar. 1998): 3-22. [1 Samuel 16:14] Robin Routledge What are evil spirits? | GotQuestions.org G Campbell

1 Samuel 19

Pink - How wonderful is the care of God for His own! Though invisible, how real are His protecting arms!” Not a shaft of hate can hit, till the God of love sees fit. “What peace and stability it brings to the heart when faith realizes that ‘The angel of the Lord encampeth round about them that fear Him, and delivereth them’ ” (Ps. 34:7). Men may be filled with malice against us, Satan may rage and seek our destruction, but none can touch a hair of our heads without God’s permission. The Lord Almighty is the “Shield and Buckler,” the “Rock and Fortress” of all those who put their trust in Him. Yet note that David was not foolhardy and reckless. Faith is not presumptuous: though we are to trust Him, we are forbidden to tempt the Lord; therefore it is our duty to retire when men seek our hurt (Cf. Matthew 10:23).

1 Samuel 19

Pink - man proposes, and God disposes. The Lord had other services for David to perform, and the servant of God is immortal until the work allotted him has been done. This time the king’s own daughter, who had married David, was the one to befriend him. In some way she had learned of her father’s plan, so at once took measures to thwart it. Rod Mattoon - Run David run!" is her message to him. As she warns David, we too are to warn the lost of the dangers and destruction to come.Isaiah 58:1—Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and shew my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins. David can respond to his wife's warning one of two ways. He can respond in pride and ignore the plea of his wife. He can also consider and heed the cautions of his wife and flee. Even though the wife is not the head of the home, her role as a helpmeet to her husband is very important. Part of her role as a helpmeet is to offer caution and insight to her husband when she foresees danger, destruction, or evil on the path of her husband or family. Attentiveness involves being alert to God's warnings through the spoken or unspoken cautions of your wife. (ED: MY WIFE WARNED ME NOT TO BUY A LAKEFRONT LOT IN A PRIME LOCATION IN AUSTIN, TEXAS. I HAD EVEN PLACED A DEPOSIT. SHE, A GODLY WOMAN, WAS ADAMANT. SO I WITHDREW THE OFFER. I AM CONVINCED THAT THIS HOUSE WOULD HAVE BEEN THE SITE OF A HORRIBLE TRAGEDY, FOR I HAVE 7 GRANDKIDS AND THE LONG LAWN IN THE BACK GOES TO THE WATER WITH AN ABRUPT FALL INTO DEEP WATER! YOU CAN SEE THE SCENARIO THAT "COULD HAVE BEEN." IT IS INTERESTING THAT 20 YEARS LATER AUSTIN BECAME ONE OF THE HOTTEST REAL ESTATE MARKETS IN THE U.S. I COULD HAVE SOLD THE PROPERTY FOR MANY TIMES OVER THE ORIGINAL PRICE! GOD'S SPIRIT USES THIS EVENT IN MY LIFE TO REMIND ME TO OBEY Colossians 3:2+ and Mt 6:20+. OUR FATHER IS SO GOOD -- HERE'S THE MORAL OF THE STORY - HUSBANDS LISTEN UP TO YOUR GODLY WIVES COUNSEL!!!) As an aside David years later listened to the counsel of a woman named Abigail (1Sa 25:23-31) and Bathsheba (1Ki 1:15) Psalm 59 was written in accordance with this event and reveals what is going on in David's heart and mind. (See Alan Redpath's discussion of this Psalm in relation to 1 Samuel 19 - go to page 25 in The Making of a Man of God - Life of David David's Danger—Ps 59:1-9 David's Deliverance—Ps 59:10-17 His Plea—Ps 59:1, 2 His Panic—Ps 59:3-5 His Peril—Ps 59:6, 7 His Protection—Ps 59:8-15 His Praise—Ps 59:16, 17. The Shield of God My shield is God Most High, who saves the upright in heart.—Psalm 7:10 Read 1 Samuel 19:1–24 According to tradition, the emperor Constantine saw a vision of a blazing cross against the sun and words which said, “In this sign, you will conquer.” Constantine’s troops placed this symbol, made up of the Greek letters Chi and Rho, on their shields. He believed it would be their certain defense in battle. David’s shield of protection was God Himself. Today’s reading shows how the Lord shielded David from Saul’s attempts to take his life. In the first instance, when Saul told his son and servants to kill David, Jonathan reasoned him out of it (1Sa 19:4–5). Saul vowed to spare David, but his resolve was only temporary. After a string of military successes, Saul made another murderous attempt on David’s life when he “tried to pin him to the wall with a spear” (1Sa 19:10). This was the third time Saul had attempted to kill David in this manner (1 Sam. 18:11). Next, Saul sent men to lie in wait for David at his house. David’s wife Michal helped him to escape. Saul’s sense that the kingdom was being torn from his grasp was no doubt aggravated by the knowledge that David had won the allegiance of the king’s son and daughter. Fleeing for his life, David escaped Saul’s household and took refuge with Samuel. When Saul sent troops to kill David, the Spirit of God overtook them, and they were unable to complete their mission. Saul sent two more companies of soldiers, but the same thing happened. Finally, Saul came, and “the Spirit of God came even on him” (1Sa 19:23). This was a demonstration of God’s power, as well as an ironic reminder of Saul’s initial call to kingship. You may not be a skilled soldier like David, but if you belong to Christ, you too are under God’s protection. “I am with you always, to the very end of the age” is His promise (Matt. 28:20). Is the Lord your shield of protection? The same God who protected King David is your shield as well! If you belong to Christ, He is with you always. Ask, and He will help you trust and rely on Him more. (Courtesy of Today in the Word) 1 Samuel 19:12 So Michal let David down through a window, and he went out and fled and escaped. BGT 1 Samuel 19:12 καὶ κατάγει ἡ Μελχολ τὸν Δαυιδ διὰ τῆς θυρίδος καὶ ἀπῆλθεν καὶ ἔφυγεν καὶ σῴζεται LXE 1 Samuel 19:12 So Melchol lets David down by the window, and he departed, and fled, and escaped. KJV 1 Samuel 19:12 So Michal let David down through a window: and he went, and fled, and escaped. NET 1 Samuel 19:12 So Michal lowered David through the window, and he ran away and escaped. CSB 1 Samuel 19:12 So she lowered David from the window, and he fled and escaped. ESV 1 Samuel 19:12 So Michal let David down through the window, and he fled away and escaped. NIV 1 Samuel 19:12 So Michal let David down through a window, and he fled and escaped. NLT 1 Samuel 19:12 So she helped him climb out through a window, and he fled and escaped. NRS 1 Samuel 19:12 So Michal let David down through the window; he fled away and escaped. NJB 1 Samuel 19:12 Michal then let David down through the window, and he made off, took to flight and so escaped. NAB 1 Samuel 19:12 Then Michal let David down through a window, and he made his escape in safety. YLT 1 Samuel 19:12 And Michal causeth David to go down through the window, and he goeth on, and fleeth, and escapeth; Michal: Ps 34:19 let David: Jos 2:15 Ac 9:24-25 2Co 11:32,33 1 Samuel 19 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Joshua 2:14+ Then she let them down by a rope through the window, for her house was on the city wall, so that she was living on the wall. Acts 9:24-25+ but their plot became known to Saul. They were also watching the gates day and night so that they might put him to death; 25 but his disciples took him by night and let him down through an opening in the wall, lowering him in a large basket. MICHAL FOREWARNED DAVID AND HE ACTED ON HER WARNING So Michal let David down through a window, and he went out and fled and escaped - David had a small window of time to make his escape and was helped by his wife Michal to use that time to escape by a literal window, even as had the Hebrew spies escaped Rahab's house and Saul escaped from Damascus (see above). 1 Samuel 19:13 Michal took the household idol and laid it on the bed, and put a quilt of goats' hair at its head, and covered it with clothes. BGT 1 Samuel 19:13 καὶ ἔλαβεν ἡ Μελχολ τὰ κενοτάφια καὶ ἔθετο ἐπὶ τὴν κλίνην καὶ ἧπαρ τῶν αἰγῶν ἔθετο πρὸς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκάλυψεν αὐτὰ ἱματίῳ LXE 1 Samuel 19:13 And Melchol took images, and laid them on the bed, and she put the liver of a goat by his head, and covered them with clothes. KJV 1 Samuel 19:13 And Michal took an image, and laid it in the bed, and put a pillow of goats' hair for his bolster, and covered it with a cloth. NET 1 Samuel 19:13 Then Michal took a household idol and put it on the bed. She put a quilt made of goat's hair over its head and then covered the idol with a garment. CSB 1 Samuel 19:13 Then Michal took the household idol and put it on the bed, placed some goat hair on its head, and covered it with a garment. ESV 1 Samuel 19:13 Michal took an image and laid it on the bed and put a pillow of goats' hair at its head and covered it with the clothes. NIV 1 Samuel 19:13 Then Michal took an idol and laid it on the bed, covering it with a garment and putting some goats' hair at the head. NLT 1 Samuel 19:13 Then she took an idol and put it in his bed, covered it with blankets, and put a cushion of goat's hair at its head. NRS 1 Samuel 19:13 Michal took an idol and laid it on the bed; she put a net of goats' hair on its head, and covered it with the clothes. NJB 1 Samuel 19:13 Michal then took a domestic image, laid it on the bed, put a tress of goats' hair at the head of the bed and put a cover over it. NAB 1 Samuel 19:13 Michal took the household idol and laid it in the bed, putting a net of goat's hair at its head and covering it with a spread. YLT 1 Samuel 19:13 and Michal taketh the teraphim, and layeth on the bed, and the mattress of goats' hair she hath put for his pillows, and covereth with a garment. idol: Heb. teraphim, Ge 31:19 Jdg 17:5 18:14,17 Ho 3:4 1 Samuel 19 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MICHAL'S MASQUERADE! Michal took the household idol (teraphim) and laid it on the bed, and put a quilt of goats' hair at its head, and covered it with clothes - The Hebrew word for household idol is teraphim translated in Greek with an interesting word kenotophion (only in 1Sa 19:13, 16) from kenos meaning empty and taphos meaning tomb, thus literally an "empty tomb." The Greek gives us our word cenotaph (from kenotaphion), which is a monument, sometimes in the form of a tomb, to a person who is buried elsewhere. Given the fact that Michal was trying to mimic David's body lying in bed, the teraphim had to be of some size (and not a small idol) or otherwise her ruse would not been effective. Some writers postulate that Michal may have kept the idol because of barrenness, the same reason Rachel had a secret idol (Ge 31:19). Josephus had a somewhat off the wall comment that Michal had placed a still-moving goat's liver in the bed to make the messengers believe that there was a breathing invalid beneath. Household idol (08655)(teraphim) refers to a kind of idol, terāpîm is a plural noun, probably of Hittite origin. In all but one somewhat ambiguous context (1 Samuel 19:11-17), it is clear that the seraphim of ancient Israel were pagan household idols (cf. Genesis 31:19 with Genesis 31:30, 32; Judges 18:17 with Judges 18:24), Their primary function among the apostate element in Israel's population seems to have been that of divination (1Sa 15:23; 2Ki 23:24; Ezek 21:21; Zech. 10:2), in which role they are often found in context with the ephod (see Jdg 17:5; Jdg 18:14, 17, 18, 20; Hosea 3:4). Teraphim were associated with false worship and divination (2 Kings 23:24; Ezek. 21:21; Zech. 10:2). When Samuel condemned Saul’s disobedience, he likened teraphim to the sin of divination (1 Sam. 15:23). The Ephraimite Micah’s shrine included an ephod and teraphim (Jdg. 17:5; 18:14–31). Hosea also linked teraphim with the ephod (Hos. 3:4) in the list of cultic and national icons of which Israel would be deprived. 1 Samuel 15:23+ “For rebellion is as the sin of divination, And insubordination is as iniquity and idolatry (teraphim). Because you have rejected the word of the LORD, He has also rejected you from being king.” Young writes "Still unsolved is the problem of the nature of the teraphim in 1 Samuel 19:11-17. It is scarcely possible that the word (used as a singular; cf. KJV, RSV "image") there refers to household deities, since archaeologists have found no such images that even begin to approach the size of a fullgrown man (cf. W. F. Albright, Archaeology and the Religion of Israel, p. 114; cf. also Genesis 31:34, where at least two teraphim could be hidden in a saddle). It has therefore been suggested that sometimes the word terāpîm refers to an image in the shape of a head, bust, or cultic mask (cf. A. R. Johnson, The Cultic Prophet in Ancient Israel, p. 31, note 3) or, alternatively, that Michal's teraphim were "old rags" (W. F. Albright op. cit., p. 207, note 63). The size and even meaning and use of teraphim may have varied widely over the centuries. Needless to say, teraphim were never condoned in the OT as legitimate appurtenances to the worship of the Lord; in fact, they came under frequent prophetic condemnation (1 Samuel 15:23; 2 Kings 23:24; Zech. 10:2). (link to the TWOT) Gilbrant - Referring to "household gods," the noun terāphîm occurs fifteen times in the OT, always with the plural ending -îm. Most often, the word has the article (four times it does not; cf. Judg. 17:5; 18:14; 1 Sam. 15:23; Hos. 3:4). The plural form indicates real plurality only two times (2 Ki. 23:24; Zech. 10:2). Koehler-Baumgartner (4:1795) prefers the English word "image" as the best translation. It may be, more specifically, a "statuette" (cf. Gen. 31:19, 34f) or even a "mask" of some kind. These objects functioned in the religious sphere as "household gods" or "family gods." Verse 34 indicates that relatively small objects were involved since Rachel put them inside her camel's saddle. In 1 Sam. 19:13, 16, it is suggested that an image of average human size is indicated, possibly a "ceremonial mask" or even "rags" are the best translations. The meaning, in fact, remains enigmatic. The terāphîm possibly functioned as a source of oracles or even divination (cf. Judg. 17:5; Hos. 3:4; Zech. 10:2). The terāphîm were indeed eventually outlawed in Israel (cf. Gen. 31:19ff; 1 Sam. 15:23; 19:13, 16; 2 Ki. 23:24; Zech. 10:2f); rather, obedience and faith in God's Word were expected and inculcated. The terāphîm were used for divination by a Babylonian king (Ezek. 21:21). (Complete Biblical Library) Teraphim - 15x/15v - household idol(2), household idols(10), idolatry(1), teraphim(2). Gen. 31:19; Gen. 31:34; Gen. 31:35; Jdg. 17:5; Jdg. 18:14; Jdg. 18:17; Jdg. 18:18; Jdg. 18:20; 1 Sam. 15:23; 1 Sam. 19:13; 1 Sam. 19:16; 2 Ki. 23:24; Ezek. 21:21; Hos. 3:4; Zech. 10:2 Walter Kaiser - go to page 187 in Hard Sayings of the Bible for discussion of the question - 1Sa 19:13 David’s House Has an Idol? What is an idol doing in the house of David, a monotheist and the one through whom the line of Christ is to come? Where did his wife Michal lay her hands on such an item, no matter what good intentions she had of protecting her husband from her jealous father? Michal’s ruse gave David time to flee from the soldiers who were sent to capture David, but that is not the point. Michal’s dummy is described as being one of the terāphîm, “idols” or “household gods.” The word is always found in the plural form, and the idols were sometimes small enough to be tucked away in a camel’s saddle (Gen 31:19, 34–35), but here the idol seems to be man-sized, since Michal used it to simulate David’s presence in bed. The fact that household gods or idols were part of Michal’s belongings, if not David’s as well, probably reflects a pagan inclination or ignorant use of the surrounding culture. It would appear that the narrator made a deliberate connection between Michal and Rachel, who hid the teraphim in her camel saddle in Genesis 31. Each woman deceived her father in the use of the teraphim and thereby demonstrated more love and attachment to her husband than to her father. If our estimate of Rachel was that the teraphim may not have been symbols of the person who held the will, that is, the rights to the inheritance, but were idols that would later have to be gotten rid of (Gen 35), then Michal, and David by implication, would be guilty of the same sin and in need of repentance and God’s forgiveness. See also comment on GENESIS 31:34. John Kitto - Teraphim—I Samuel 19:1–17 David was now still more conspicuously brought before the view of the people, and his consequence in their eyes much enhanced by his alliance with the royal family. Aware of this—and perceiving that his underhand devices only tended to raise the son of Jesse to higher credit, and but gave him opportunities of achieving greater distinction, the king’s dislike ripened fast into mortal hatred. He also found that his daughter really loved her husband, and could not in any way be made instrumental in bringing his safety into danger. These things made him wild. He began among his intimates to throw aside the mask which had hitherto veiled, however thinly, the motive of his proceedings; and he hinted, that a removal of David by any means would be a service most acceptable to him. Providentially, he mentioned this to Jonathan among the rest. That faithful friend said nothing at the time, but went up and apprized David of his danger, and directed him to a place of concealment; and he promised to lead Saul the next day in that direction, so that his friend might overhear what passed when he interceded for him. He arranged this, probably, that in case his father broke forth into violence or proved inexorable, David might be aware of it, and escape without incurring the danger of further personal communications. In this conversation with his father, Jonathan took a strong and decided tone. He plainly told him that he was about to commit a great sin, in thus seeking the destruction of a valuable public servant, who had rendered great services to the state, and all whose conduct towards him had been most true and loyal. “Wherefore then,” he said with vehemence, “wilt thou sin against innocent blood, by slaying David without a cause?” The king—a man of impulses, and in whom the impulse to right feeling was not yet extinct, was moved by this earnest appeal; and he pledged himself by an oath to Jonathan, that he would no longer seek the life of Jesse’s son. David then left his concealment, and resumed his usual duties; and soon after he went again to the wars, and acquired still further renown, so that his praise was in the mouth of all the people. This was wormwood to Saul. His former malignity, suspicion, and hatred, all revived; and when David came back to court, his old paroxysms of madness returned with such violence, that the harp of David, who had now a place at the king’s table as his son-in-law, had no longer the power over him it once possessed. He could no longer heed the voice of the charmer, charm he never so wisely. One day his pent-up passion so over-mastered him, that he again threw his javelin at David. With such force was it thrown, that it stuck into the wall and remained there, for David had evaded the stroke, and immediately withdrew from the king’s presence. But now that he had committed himself by this act, Saul was determined to carry his purpose out, and he set a guard to watch David’s house all night to prevent his escape. We may guess that only the fear of alarming the town, and of rousing the populace to rescue their favorite hero, prevented him from directing them to break into the house, and slay David there. It was so providentially ordered; for he was thus, at the suggestion of his wife, enabled to escape through a back window, by which she let him down. David having thus escaped, the remaining anxiety of Michal, then, was to protract the time as much as possible, that he might be far enough off before the pursuit commenced. She “took an image, and laid it in the bed, and put a pillow of goats’ hair for a bolster, and covered it with a cloth.” The object of this was to convey the impression, on a cursory view, that some one was lying in the bed. The “image” is, in the original, “teraphim.” There is much difficulty about these teraphim. They are first mentioned as things that had been secreted by Rachel when her husband fled from Padanaram, and about which Laban made so much uproar when he overtook them. That they were held in superstitious regard, partaking of idolatry, is manifest, but that they were not looked upon by those who used them as interfering with the worship of Jehovah, but of being auxiliary to it, seems to appear from their being found in families which professed to be true worshippers of the Lord. It seems to us that they were superstitious symbolical figures, which were regarded as bringing peculiar blessings and as securing peculiar protections—essentially the blessings and protections of Jehovah—to the houses in which they were found, like, in some degree, the tutelary and household gods, the Penates and Lares of the Roman; or, as we take it, still more like the pictures of St. Nicholas or of the Virgin, which one sees in every Russian shop, before which a lamp is kept continually burning, and which every one who enters the place reverently salutes. Of their evil there can be no question, from their tendency to lead into more direct idolatry, and the deficient appreciation, which the use of them evinced, of the spiritual worship which God, who is a Spirit, required, and which is most acceptable in his sight. It was a form of worshipping God, but being an unscriptural and dangerous form, was evil in his eyes, and was commandatorily put down, along with other forms of idolatry, by Joshua;445 yet it is nowhere denounced and suppressed with the same rigor as the worship of Moloch or of Baal. It is observable that women were particularly addicted to the use of these teraphim. First, there was Rachel who had them without the knowledge of her husband, and now here is Michal, who has a teraph, doubtless without the privity of David. That may have been easy in the case of Rachel, seeing the images appear to have been small, from the facility with which they were concealed; but this of Michal seems to have been as large as a human body; and it may be asked, Was it possible that David should have been ignorant of its existence in his house? It is very possible under the arrangement of eastern habitations, which assigns a separate part of the house to the women; and particularly so in the case of David, who, as being now a high military commander, and especially as having married the king’s daughter, doubtless dwelt in a large house, and showed to her all the consideration in these matters which a lady of her rank was entitled to expect. There has been some difference of opinion as to the form of the teraphim. The passage before us would seem to intimate that it had the human shape, being intended, when lying in the bed and covered with the bed-clothes, to be taken for David, ill in bed. This is not, however, conclusive, seeing that almost anything of sufficient bulk might be made to suggest that idea in a darkened room, and in the dim of the morning, so long as the head was not visible. There is a very prevalent notion among the Jewish writers that the teraphim were figures of brass, constructed under certain horoscopic and astrological aspects; and that, a plate of gold being placed under the tongue, they were, on being invoked with ceremonies of divination, enabled to deliver oracles. To state this is to refute it. The mention of a pillow of goats’ hair in the present passage, leads Josephus astray into the odd fancy, that Michal put in the bed the lungs of a goat recently killed, the palpitations of which would impart the motion caused by a man’s breathing in bed. Then how as to the form of a man in bed, which the teraph must have presented? and how long do the lungs of a slain goat continue thus to palpitate? The thing is absurd. Nevertheless, we are not very sure that we understand this matter of “the pillow of goats’ hair.” The hair of a Syrian goat might form a good stuffing for a pillow-case; but how were the persons to be deceived to know that the pillow was filled with goats’ hair? We incline to think the pillow was of goats’ skin, with the hair outside, and that such a pillow was then regarded as having a sanative property in some diseases; whence to see such a pillow in a bed would strengthen the illusion that a sick man lay there. Although this is a conjecture of our own, it seems to us more probable than the notion of some interpreters, that Michal made a kind of wig for the teraph, with the goat’s skin, to produce a passable resemblance to David’s head. 1 Samuel 19:14 When Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, "He is sick." BGT 1 Samuel 19:14 καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Σαουλ ἀγγέλους λαβεῖν τὸν Δαυιδ καὶ λέγουσιν ἐνοχλεῖσθαι αὐτόν LXE 1 Samuel 19:14 And Saul sent messengers to take David; and they say that he is sick. KJV 1 Samuel 19:14 And when Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, He is sick. NET 1 Samuel 19:14 When Saul sent messengers to arrest David, she said, "He's sick." CSB 1 Samuel 19:14 When Saul sent agents to seize David, Michal said, "He's sick." ESV 1 Samuel 19:14 And when Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, "He is sick." NIV 1 Samuel 19:14 When Saul sent the men to capture David, Michal said, "He is ill." NLT 1 Samuel 19:14 When the troops came to arrest David, she told them he was sick and couldn't get out of bed. NRS 1 Samuel 19:14 When Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, "He is sick." NJB 1 Samuel 19:14 When Saul sent the agents to arrest David, she said, 'He is ill.' NAB 1 Samuel 19:14 When Saul sent messengers to arrest David, she said, "He is sick." YLT 1 Samuel 19:14 And Saul sendeth messengers to take David, and she saith, 'He is sick.' she said: Jos 2:5 2Sa 16:17-19 17:20 1 Samuel 19 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MICHAL'S LIE TO COVER FOR DAVID When Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, "He is sick." Ironically, for the second time David’s life was saved by a member of Saul’s household. God is not condoning lying, for it is a sin. This is no little white lie, for if she were discovered lying her father might execute her for treason. In short, she was willing to lay down her life for David. 1 Samuel 19:15 Then Saul sent messengers to see David, saying, "Bring him up to me on his bed, that I may put him to death." BGT 1 Samuel 19:15 καὶ ἀποστέλλει ἐπὶ τὸν Δαυιδ λέγων ἀγάγετε αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς κλίνης πρός με τοῦ θανατῶσαι αὐτόν LXE 1 Samuel 19:15 And he sends to David, saying, Bring him to me on the bed, that I may slay him. KJV 1 Samuel 19:15 And Saul sent the messengers again to see David, saying, Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may slay him. NET 1 Samuel 19:15 Then Saul sent the messengers back to see David, saying, "Bring him up to me on his bed so I can kill him." CSB 1 Samuel 19:15 Saul sent the agents back to see David and said, "Bring him on his bed so I can kill him." ESV 1 Samuel 19:15 Then Saul sent the messengers to see David, saying, "Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may kill him." NIV 1 Samuel 19:15 Then Saul sent the men back to see David and told them, "Bring him up to me in his bed so that I may kill him." NLT 1 Samuel 19:15 But Saul sent the troops back to get David. He ordered, "Bring him to me in his bed so I can kill him!" NRS 1 Samuel 19:15 Then Saul sent the messengers to see David for themselves. He said, "Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may kill him." NJB 1 Samuel 19:15 Saul sent the agents back to see David, with the words, 'Bring him to me on his bed, for me to kill him!' NAB 1 Samuel 19:15 Saul, however, sent the messengers back to see David and commanded them, "Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may kill him." YLT 1 Samuel 19:15 And Saul sendeth the messengers to see David, saying, 'Bring him up in the bed unto me,' -- to put him to death. Bring him: The eastern beds consist merely of two thick cotton quilts, one of which, folded double, serves as a mattress, the other as a covering. Such seems to have been the bed of David, which could easily have been carried, with himself in it, to the presence of Saul. 1Sa 19:6 Job 31:31 Ps 37:12 Pr 27:3,4 Ro 3:15 1 Samuel 19 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries NOW SAUL PERSONALLY SEEKS TO KILL DAVID Then - Marks progression in the story. Saul sent messengers to see David, saying, "Bring him up to me on his bed, that I may put him to death - Saul wanted David awoken so he could be put to sleep forever! 1 Samuel 19:16 When the messengers entered, behold, the household idol was on the bed with the quilt of goats' hair at its head. BGT 1 Samuel 19:16 καὶ ἔρχονται οἱ ἄγγελοι καὶ ἰδοὺ τὰ κενοτάφια ἐπὶ τῆς κλίνης καὶ ἧπαρ τῶν αἰγῶν πρὸς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ LXE 1 Samuel 19:16 And the messengers come, and, behold, the images were on the bed, and the goat's liver at his head. KJV 1 Samuel 19:16 And when the messengers were come in, behold, there was an image in the bed, with a pillow of goats' hair for his bolster. NET 1 Samuel 19:16 When the messengers came, they found only the idol on the bed and the quilt made of goat's hair at its head. CSB 1 Samuel 19:16 When the messengers arrived, to their surprise, the household idol was on the bed with some goat hair on its head. ESV 1 Samuel 19:16 And when the messengers came in, behold, the image was in the bed, with the pillow of goats' hair at its head. NIV 1 Samuel 19:16 But when the men entered, there was the idol in the bed, and at the head was some goats' hair. NLT 1 Samuel 19:16 But when they came to carry David out, they discovered that it was only an idol in the bed with a cushion of goat's hair at its head. NRS 1 Samuel 19:16 When the messengers came in, the idol was in the bed, with the covering of goats' hair on its head. NJB 1 Samuel 19:16 So in the agents went, and there in bed was the image, with the tress of goats' hair on its head! NAB 1 Samuel 19:16 But when the messengers entered, they found the household idol in the bed, with the net of goat's hair at its head. YLT 1 Samuel 19:16 And the messengers come in, and lo, the teraphim are on the bed, and the mattress of goats' hair, for his pillows. 1 Samuel 19 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries SLEEPING DAVID HAD BECOME A HAIRY IDOL When the messengers entered, behold, the household idol was on the bed with the quilt of goats' hair at its head - Saul's servants had been duped!

1 Samuel 19

Pink - How thoroughly blurred is the vision of one who is filled with envy, anger and hatred! He who had befriended Saul again and again, was now regarded as an “enemy.” There is a solemn lesson for us in this: if pride, prejudice, or self-seeking rule our hearts, we shall regard those who are our wisest counselors and well-wishers as foes And Michal said to Saul, "He said to me, 'Let me go! Why should I put you to death - Michal lies the NAB has "He threatened me, 'Let me go or I will kill you.' David did not threaten her. 1 Samuel 19:18 Now David fled and escaped and came to Samuel at Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and stayed in Naioth. BGT 1 Samuel 19:18 καὶ Δαυιδ ἔφυγεν καὶ διεσώθη καὶ παραγίνεται πρὸς Σαμουηλ εἰς Αρμαθαιμ καὶ ἀπαγγέλλει αὐτῷ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν αὐτῷ Σαουλ καὶ ἐπορεύθη Δαυιδ καὶ Σαμουηλ καὶ ἐκάθισαν ἐν Ναυαθ ἐν Ραμα LXE 1 Samuel 19:18 So David fled, and escaped, and comes to Samuel to Armathaim, and tells him all that Saul had done to him: and Samuel and David went, and dwelt in Navath in Rama. KJV 1 Samuel 19:18 So David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and dwelt in Naioth. NET 1 Samuel 19:18 Now David had run away and escaped. He went to Samuel in Ramah and told him everything that Saul had done to him. Then he and Samuel went and stayed at Naioth. CSB 1 Samuel 19:18 So David fled and escaped and went to Samuel at Ramah and told him everything Saul had done to him. Then he and Samuel left and stayed at Naioth. ESV 1 Samuel 19:18 Now David fled and escaped, and he came to Samuel at Ramah and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and lived at Naioth. NIV 1 Samuel 19:18 When David had fled and made his escape, he went to Samuel at Ramah and told him all that Saul had done to him. Then he and Samuel went to Naioth and stayed there. NLT 1 Samuel 19:18 So David escaped and went to Ramah to see Samuel, and he told him all that Saul had done to him. Then Samuel took David with him to live at Naioth. NRS 1 Samuel 19:18 Now David fled and escaped; he came to Samuel at Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. He and Samuel went and settled at Naioth. NJB 1 Samuel 19:18 David, having fled and made his escape, went to Samuel at Ramah and told him exactly how Saul had treated him; he and Samuel went and lived in the huts. NAB 1 Samuel 19:18 Thus David got safely away; he went to Samuel in Ramah, informing him of all that Saul had done to him. Then he and Samuel went to stay in the sheds. YLT 1 Samuel 19:18 And David hath fled, and is escaped, and cometh in unto Samuel to Ramath, and declareth to him all that Saul hath done to him, and he goeth, he and Samuel, and they dwell in Naioth. to Samuel: 1Sa 7:17 15:34 28:3 Ps 116:11 Jas 5:16 1 Samuel 19 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries See Ramah - Naioth is in the vicinity DAVID FLEES TO SAMUEL Gene Getz in his book I recommend (borrow David: God's man in faith and failure) entitles his chapter 7 "The Bible Tells It Like It Is (Read 1 Samuel 19:18–24; 20:1–42; 1Sa 21:1–15; Psalm 34)" David's Slide from Faith to Fear - In our study of David's life, we have noticed his strengths. He was called a man after God's heart—one of the greatest tributes a person could ever receive. The Spirit of the Lord was upon him mightily. Against impossible odds, he faced Goliath and slew him, which was only the beginning of his great exploits in doing battle against the Philistines. He was known in Israel as a man of unusual courage and great faith in God. But all was not well in David's heart and life. A change was gradually taking place. Little by little his faith in God's protection was being replaced by fear of what one man could do to him. And that man was King Saul! David's fear is understandable—even predictable. He had faithfully served Saul as one of his armor-bearers and as his personal musician. At one time the king had demonstrated great love toward him (1 Sam. 16:21). But when David was honored by the people of Israel for his great victory over Goliath, Saul's love turned to intense jealousy, anger, and suspicion. He actually looked for opportunities to kill David. Foiled in his murder attempts, Saul planned David's death on the battlefield by giving him greater military responsibility. Again, Saul's scheme failed. Repeatedly, he tried to “pin David to the wall” with his spear. But each time, David escaped. Saul's anger became relentless. He sent his own men to kill David. But David, with his wife's help, escaped through a window and fled. Saul's attempts on David's life were becoming more frequent and intense. It was no longer a private scheme but a public strategy. And no one—including God Himself—would blame David for fleeing from Saul's presence. It was the only sensible thing to do. There is no doubt David was under tremendous pressure. Few men would have—or could have—handled the situation the way he did. God certainly understood these difficulties. However, there is another perspective. How David responded inwardly to these pressures and—more significantly—how he responded to God's protection is another matter. Rather than trusting the Lord as he had done so frequently in difficult situations, he began to lose his spiritual and emotional bearings. His most serious mistake: he ignored God's protection and he took matters into his own hands. When he did, things went from bad to worse. Now David fled and escaped and came to Samuel at Ramah (Samuel's home), and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and stayed in Naioth ("habitations" - map of possible site) - Men of God go to men of God when adversity strikes. Since the word Naioth means dwellings, residence or habitations, it seems that this place name was in the region of Ramah and was possibly the place Samuel trained his disciples or prophets (cf 2KI 6:1-2) THOUGHT - Dear man or woman of God, to whom do you run when the fires of the trial begin to burst into full flame? Do you go to secular sources or do you seek out one who you know speaks with God? Brian Bell - David fled straight to Samuel, and until the day of his death, Samuel stood by David.