1 Coríntios 3
Albert Barnes · Citado em PreceptAustin
1 Coríntios 3
Barnes - This admonition is of special applicability to ministers of the gospel. They are in special danger on the subject; and it has been by their yielding themselves so much to the power of speculative philosophy, that parties have been formed in the church, and that the gospel has been so much corrupted..(Barnes Notes) Knows (1097)(ginosko) refers to experiential knowledge, not merely the accumulation of known facts and has many shades of meaning in the NT, in this context meaning to comprehend, to come to know, to perceive. As Wuest paraphrases 1 Cor 2:8 the sense is "known in an experiential way." Louw-Nida says that in 1 Cor 2:8 ginosko means "to come to an understanding as the result of ability to experience and learn." Of course the only way a sinner can come to that understanding is by the divine bestowal of beneficent grace. Reasonings (thoughts, speculations) (1261)(dialogismos from diá = through or as a preposition to intensify meaning of + logizomai = reckon, take an inventory, conclude; source of our English dialogue) means literally reasoning through and so to think or reason with thoroughness and completeness, think out carefully, reason thoroughly, consider carefully, weighing. In the Greek writings dialogismos described the thinking of a man deliberating with himself. It refers to calculated consideration (good or bad as discussed below). It pictures one deliberating with one’s self which conveys the basic meaning of inner reasoning. Friberg - 1) in a positive sense thought (process), reasoning, design (Lk 2.35); (2) in a negative sense doubt, dispute, argument (Lk 24.38) Wise (4680)(sophos) is the practical application of acquired knowledge. Friberg says sophos generally describes "acquired intelligence characterized by the ability to use knowledge for correct behavior. Jesus uses sophos to describe worldly wisdom (Mt 11:25, cp Lk 10:21, 1Cor 1:19-20), emphasizing that what the world refers to as "wise" does not allow one to see spiritual truth. In Ro 1:14, Paul refers to the Greeks as the "wise" (although not in spiritual matters). Paul then refers to self-deceived persons who profess they are wise, (Ro 1:22), but in fact have jettisoned the clear evidence (Ro 1:19-20) of the natural revelation of God (and mock the truth of a Creator and substitute the lie of Evolution). Used 19x in NT - Mt. 11:25; Mt. 23:34; Lk. 10:21; Ro 1:14; Ro 1:22; Ro 16:19; Ro 16:27; 1 Co. 1:19; 1 Co. 1:20; 1 Co. 1:25; 1 Co. 1:26; 1 Co. 1:27; 1 Co. 3:10; 1 Co. 3:18; 1 Co. 3:19; 1 Co. 3:20; 1 Co. 6:5; Eph. 5:15; Jas. 3:13 Useless (vain)(3152)(mataios from maten = groundless, invalid, cf cognate verb mataioo) means vain, empty, devoid of force, and refers to the ineffectiveness or uselessness of something in this passage the reasonings of the wise. It denotes the appearance of something as distinct from its essence, and it suggests the “deceptive” quality of something; This adjective describes an ineffectual attempt to do something or an unsuccessful effort to attain something. Mataios emphasizes aimlessness or the leading to no object or end and thus is used to describe false gods or idols in contrast to the true God. Colin Brown writes that mataios "denotes a person who falls short of God’s standard and human norms. His life is illusory, motiveless, aimless, scandalous and foolish " (NIDNTT). Used 6v in NT - Acts 14:15; 1 Co. 3:20; 1 Co. 15:17; Titus 3:9; Jas. 1:26; 1 Pet. 1:18 1 Corinthians 3:21 So then let no one boast in men. For all things belong to you, Amplified - So let no one exult proudly concerning men [boasting of having this or that man as a leader], for all things are yours,
1 Coríntios 3
Barnes - These considerations (PRECEDING CONTEXT) should lead us to live above contention, and the fondness of party. Sect and party in the church are not formed by the love of the pure and simple gospel, but by the love of some philosophical opinion, or by an admiration of the wisdom, talents, learning, eloquence, or success of some Christian teacher. Against this the apostle would guard us; and the considerations presented in this chapter should elevate us above all the causes of contention and the love of sect, and teach us to love as brothers all who love our Lord Jesus Christ.(Barnes Notes) Let no one boast in men - NET = "no more boasting about mere mortals." No one is medeis which means absolutely no one, not even one whoever he may be. This is not a suggestion from Paul, but a commandment from the Spirit to stop boasting as they were clearly doing. Obedience to this command would enable them to overcome the church divisions that were occurring. The command is present imperative with a negative and the only way these fleshly men and women would be able to stop boasting in men was to learn to daily depend on the Holy Spirit to obey The same is true of us in regard to our fleshly tendency to boast, whether it be in other men, things, ourselves, etc, etc. Boasting is a manifestation or outworking of pride, which is our root problem. It's the BIG "I" smack dab in the middle of the word "sIn" and interestingly is also the middle letter of "prIde!" Don't say the devil made you do it! We have plenty of devilish deception in our old flesh to energize boasting for the rest of our days on earth! Paul has already given the perfect cure/antidote for the poison of boasting "LET HIM WHO BOASTS, BOAST IN THE LORD.” (1 Cor 1:31+). THOUGHT - We are more excited about being with the influential and famous of this world than about being with God. We value the gifts and honors of men more than the gifts and honors God gives. How we need to hear, let no one glory in men! (Guzik) Kistemaker - The point of Paul’s directive is to not boast in men, be they Paul, Apollos, or Cephas. In 1:31, Paul quoted from the Scriptures to bolster his argument and said: “Let him who boasts boast in the Lord” (Jer. 9:24). Now he gives the negative side of the same exhortation by telling the readers not to glory in the achievements of human beings. God grants his bountiful gifts to his people, and in their complete dependence on him they are unable to boast in themselves. They must acknowledge that God, not man, rules the world and everything in it. Charles Hodge - To “boast about” any person or thing is to trust in him or it as the ground of confidence or as the source of honor or blessedness. It is to regard ourselves as blessed because of our relationship to it. Thus people are said to boast about the Lord or the cross because God, or Christ as crucified, is regarded as the ground of confidence and the source of blessedness. Others are said to glory in the flesh, in the law, or even in themselves. The apostle has shown that ministers are mere servants and nothing in themselves, and that the wisdom of the world is foolishness with God; now he draws the inference that they are not the ground of the believer’s confidence. The Corinthians did boast about men when they said, “I follow Paul,” “I follow Apollos,” “I follow Cephas.” They forgot their own dignity when they regarded as masters those who were their servants. (1 Corinthians 3 Commentary) Boast (exult, glory) (2744)(kauchaomai akin to aucheo = boast + euchomai = pray to God <> auchen = neck which vain persons are apt to carry in proud manner) means to boast over a privilege or possession. The idea is to take pride in something. This verb was used in the Septuagint in the OT of any proud & exulting joy. Uses in the letters to the Corinthians (especially the second letter) - 1 Co. 1:29; 1 Co. 1:31; 1 Co. 3:21; 1 Co. 4:7; 2 Co. 5:12; 2 Co. 7:14; 2 Co. 9:2; 2 Co. 10:8; 2 Co. 10:13; 2 Co. 10:15; 2 Co. 10:16; 2 Co. 10:17; 2 Co. 11:12; 2 Co. 11:16; 2 Co. 11:18; 2 Co. 11:30; 2 Co. 12:1; 2 Co. 12:5; 2 Co. 12:6; 2 Co. 12:9 For (gar - term of explanation) - He explains why we should not boast. All things belong to you - Amplified = "or that man as a leader], for all things are yours." This seems to be a sudden shift of focus from the previous negative command (don't boast) to a positive truth that all things belong to the saints at Corinth (and to all saints of all time).
1 Coríntios 3
Barnes - Christians have an interest in all things that can go to promote their happiness. Life and death, things present and things to come - all shall tend to advance their happiness, and promote their salvation. Christians have nothing to fear in death. Death is theirs, and shall be a blessing to them. Its sting is taken away; and it shall introduce them to heaven. What have they to fear? Why should they be alarmed? Why afraid to die? Why unwilling to depart and to be with Christ?(Barnes Notes) Things present refers to our life on earth which as explained above is lived now in Christ and so it is good and meant to be abundant. (See also Ro 8:37-39+) Kistermaker adds on things present - Christians possess the present, in which God rules. Nothing happens by chance, but rather all things (e.g., health and sickness, joy and woe) come from his hand. (NTC-1Cor) Things to come surely refers to our glorious future forever with Christ in glorified bodies, where there is no pain, no sorrow, no sin but only eternal bliss and perfect eternal communion with Him to Whom we belong, Christ Jesus. Regarding our relation to death Paul elaborated on this near the end of this letter writing But when this perishable will have put on the imperishable, and this mortal will have put on immortality, then will come about the saying that is written, “DEATH IS SWALLOWED UP in victory. 55 “O DEATH, WHERE IS YOUR VICTORY? O DEATH, WHERE IS YOUR STING?” 56 The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law; 57 but thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. (1 Cor 15:54-57+) MacArthur on Paul or Apollos or Cephas - Paul had spoken strongly against special loyalties to church leaders (1 Cor 1:12–14; 3:4–9), the same three leaders he mentions here. But now the emphasis is different. Although those men should not have been specially elevated or revered, they were sources of great help and blessing.....The point Paul makes in 3:22a is that we should rejoice in and profit from all the faithful leaders God sends us us, whether Paul or Apollos or Cephas. If the Corinthians had been careful to understand and follow what all three of those men taught, rather than, for instance, how they looked or spoke, the church would have been united, not divided. Their view of others had to be corrected....Not only are all godly leaders ours, but everything else from God is ours as well. As believers we are “heirs of God and fe fellow heirs with Christ” (Rom 8:17). (MNTC-1 Cor) MacArthur on the world belonging to believers - the world (kosmos) is ours, even now. His main point is that, in the millennial kingdom and throughout eternity in the new heavens and new earth, we will possess the earth in a richer way (Matt. 5:5; Rev. 21). But even now the universe is a possession of God’s people. It is ours. Our heavenly Father made it for us. It is still in the grip of the evil one (1 John 5:19), but it will someday and forever belong to us, not to him. (Dan 7)...When we fully inherit the world, with Jesus on the throne, it will be perfect, and even more ours. In the meanwhile, this present world already belongs to us, with its wonders and glories, imperfections and disappointments. The believer can appreciate the world as no unbeliever can. We know where it came from, why it was made, why we are on it, and what its final destiny will be. We can sing with certainty as well as joy, “This is my Father’s world.” And we are His heirs. (MNTC-1 Cor) Daniel 7 makes a similar declaration He (ANTICHRIST) will speak out against the Most High and wear down the saints of the Highest One, and he will intend to make alterations in times and in law; and they will be given into his hand for a time, times, and half a time (AKA THE 3.5 YEAR GREAT TRIBULATION). 26 ‘But the court will sit for judgment, and his (ANTICHRIST'S) dominion will be taken away, annihilated and destroyed forever (Rev 19:19-20+). 27 ‘Then (WHEN 3.5 YEAR TRIBULATION ENDED BY RETURN OF CHRIST) the sovereignty, the dominion and the greatness of all the kingdoms under the whole heaven will be given to the people of the saints of the Highest One; His kingdom will be an everlasting kingdom, and all the dominions will serve and obey Him.’ (Daniel 7:25-27+) ILLUSTRATION - Joseph Parker spoke to world belonging to him writing that "I began my ministry in Banbury, and my upper window looked over the vast estate of a wealthy man. It was I, really, who inherited that estate. Oh, I did not own a foot of it, but it was all mine. The owner came down to see it once a year, but I walked its miles day after day."