Atos 2
Adam Clarke · Citado em PreceptAustin
Atos 2
Clarke says that most Jews – pious or not – did not eat or drink until after the third hour of the day, because that was the time for prayer, and they would only eat after their business with God was accomplished. (Acts 2 Commentary)
Atos 2
Clarke says "David is not ascended - Consequently, he has not sent forth this extraordinary gift, but it comes from his Lord." It was not David who ascended into heaven - First Peter makes the statement that it was not David who was exalted to the right hand of God. Remember he has already "confidently" stated that David died and was buried and they could even see his tomb (Acts 2:29+). But now Peter quotes from Ps 110:1 as proof that David had not ascended in heaven. As Knowing says "Peter does not demand belief upon his own assertion, but he again appeals to the Scriptures, and to words which could not have received a fulfillment in the case of David." As an aside, although Peter does not use the following argument, we know from other Scriptures that David could not have ascended into heaven because the bodies of the OT saints had not yet been resurrected. As 1 Kings 2:10 says "Then David slept with his fathers and was buried in the city of David." The implication is that his body is still in the city of David. See note below regarding when David's body will be resurrected. But he himself says - David's own testimony is Ps 110:1 which removes all doubt that he is speaking not about himself but about the Messiah. This reminds us of the words in Acts 8:34 "The eunuch answered Philip and said, “Please tell me, of whom does the prophet say this? Of himself or of someone else?”" The Lord said to my Lord "Sit at my right hand" - The Eternal Father speaks to the Eternal Son. Peter is quoting from Ps 110:1 which reads "A Psalm of David. The LORD (Jehovah/Yahweh) says to my Lord (Adonay): “Sit at My right hand Until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.” In other words, Jehovah told David's Lord (Messiah) to sit beside Him and rule and He (Jehovah) would subdue Messiah's enemies. Note that while Psalm 110:1 does not say "ascension" or "He ascended" the clear inference of the fact that the Father tells Him to sit at His right hand is that the Messiah had indeed ascended to Heaven. Sit at my right hand - This was a common Oriental expression for sharing power and sovereignty. Compare the request of the mother of James and John when she desired places of influence for her sons in the future Messianic Kingdom, which she rightly supposed would be an earthly one (Mt 20:21 "one on Your right and one on Your left"). Notice also that while Psalm 110:1 explains how Jesus could have poured forth the Spirit, it also demonstrates that Messiah is not just a human being, but is in fact God. In essence Peter is affirming the mysterious truth that the Messiah, the "blasphemer" (the final accusation against Him - Mt 26:65-66), was not only Man but also God. He had been accused of blaspheming God, but here Peter shows He was in fact God and thus not guilty of the sin of blasphemy. While it is somewhat speculative, it is very possible that Peter learned from the Master Teacher how to use Psalm 110:1 to prove the deity of the Messiah, for in all three synoptic Gospels (Mt. 22:43-44; Mk 12:35-37; Lk 20:41-42) Jesus used Psalm 110:1 to prove that Messiah was not just a man (Son of David) but was God (Son of God). Why was this so significant? The Jews in Jesus day thought that while the Messiah would be a Son of David, they did not teach that He would be God. The Jewish leaders had misinterpreted their own Scriptures! And Jesus proved they were in error and that they should have known had they only read the OT Scriptures carefully and without preconceived ideas concerning the Messiah. Of course, another reason of course that the Jews did not attribute Deity to the Messiah was because of their belief in monotheism and their inability to comprehend the nature of the Trinity. Below is the passage from Mark 12 which Peter would have heard Jesus use to demonstrate the error of the Jewish teaching that Messiah was only a man, not God. And Jesus began to say, as He taught in the temple, “How is it that the scribes say that the Christ (MESSIAH) is the son of David? (ED They were correct in teaching Messiah would be the son of David. But they did not believe He would be God.” Keep in mind that Jesus' lineage from David was incontestable and the Jewish leaders knew it! Jesus' argument is if the Messiah is no more than a man how can David say what he said in Psalm 110:1? How can he call Him "Lord" or Adonay in Hebrew?) 36 “David himself said in the Holy Spirit (INSPIRATION), ‘THE LORD SAID TO MY LORD (ED In the Hebrew text Jehovah is speaking to Adonay indicating He is God), “SIT AT MY RIGHT HAND (ED Indicating Messiah is coequal with Jehovah and this is the second indication in this Psalm that Messiah is God.), UNTIL I PUT YOUR ENEMIES BENEATH YOUR FEET.”’ 37 “David himself calls Him ‘Lord’; so in what sense is He his son?” (IN OTHER WORDS HOW COULD DAVID'S SON ALSO BE DAVID'S LORD? THE RELIGIOUS LEADERS COULD NOT ANSWER. WHAT IS THE ANSWER? HE IS DAVID'S SON FROM THE LINE OF DAVID, BUT IF HE IS DAVID'S LORD, HE IS ALSO GOD!) And the large crowd enjoyed listening to Him (ED BUT 2 DAYS LATER MANY OF THEM WOULD CRY "CRUCIFY, CRUCIFY!"). (Mark 12:35–37) Expositor's Greek Testament gives us background on Ps 110:1 - The Psalm was always regarded as Messianic by the Jews (Edersheim, Jesus the Messiah, ii., 720 (Appendix); and if it had not been so in the time of our Lord, it is obvious that His argument would have missed its point if those to whom He addressed His question ““How is it that they say the Messiah is David’s son?” (Lk 20:41) could have answered that David was not speaking of the coming Messiah. NET Note- It was a common belief in Judaism that Messiah would be David's son in that he would come from the lineage of David. On this point the Pharisees agreed and were correct. But their understanding was nonetheless incomplete, for Messiah is also David's Lord. With this statement Jesus was affirming that, as the Messiah, He is both God and Man. John