Mateus 3
A.T. Robertson · Citado em PreceptAustin
Mateus 3
Robertson quips that "he was also the Preacher, heralding his message out in the barren hills at first where few people were, but soon his startling message drew crowds from far and near. Some preachers start with crowds and drive them away!" Wilderness (desolate, desert)(2048)(eremos) when used as an adjective, normally describes places which are abandoned, desolate, or unpopulated. The wilderness referred to in the Gospels extended from the hill country of Judah on the west to the Dead Sea on the east, and north into the Jordan River valley (click the map above to enlarge and see the Judean Wilderness). The wilderness was "indeed a desolation, a vast undulating expanse of barren chalky soil covered with pebbles, broken stones and rocks. Here and there a bit of brushwood appears, with snakes crawling underneath (Mt 3:7)" (Hendriksen BORROW BNTC-Matthew) In a way eremos in this context is a double entendre because John was himself in a literal wilderness crying and pointing out to the Jewish nation the way out of the spiritual wilderness and darkness which had enshrouded the nation of Israel for centuries. Robertson adds "There were some people scattered over the barren cliffs. Here John came in close touch with the rocks, the trees, the goats, the sheep, and the shepherds, the snakes that slipped before the burning grass over the rocks." All Matthew's uses of eremos - Matt. 3:1; Matt. 3:3; Matt. 4:1; Matt. 11:7; Matt. 14:13; Matt. 14:15; Matt. 23:38; Matt. 24:26. The Wilderness - R W Funk - Journal of Biblical Literature - Sept, 1959 (allows you to read up to 6 articles free each month) JOHN THE BAPTIST SUMMARY Related Resources on John the Baptist: G J Goldberg - John the Baptist and Josephus Who was John the Baptist in the Bible? Was John the Baptist really Elijah reincarnated? - (Excerpt click link at left for full explanation) - John did for Jesus what Elijah was to have done for the coming of the Lord, but he was not Elijah reincarnated. Jesus identified John the Baptist as Elijah, while John the Baptist rejected that identification. How do we reconcile these two teachings? There is a key phrase in Jesus’ identification of John the Baptist that must not be overlooked. He says, “If you are willing to accept it, he is Elijah.” In other words, John the Baptist’s identification as Elijah was not predicated upon his being the actual Elijah, but upon people’s response to his role. To those who were willing to believe in Jesus, John the Baptist functioned as Elijah, for they believed in Jesus as Lord. To the religious leaders who rejected Jesus, John the Baptist did not perform this function. Did John the Baptist lose his faith in Jesus as the Messiah (Matthew 11:3; Luke 7:19)? In what way was John the Baptist the greatest (Matthew 11:11)? What was the meaning and importance of the baptism of John the Baptist? Why did John the Baptist refer to the Pharisees as a brood of vipers? Whyte's Dictionary of Biblical Characters - John the Baptist Baker Evangelical Dictionary John the Baptist Easton's Bible Dictionary John the Baptist Fausset Bible Dictionary John the Baptist Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible John the Baptist Hastings' Dictionary of the NT John the Baptist Watson's Theological Dictionary John the Baptist International Standard Bible Encyclopedia John the Baptist Kitto Biblical Cyclopedia John the baptist The Jewish Encyclopedia John the Baptist Warren
Mateus 3
Robertson comments on paths straight that "Automobile highways today well illustrate the wonderful Persian roads for the couriers of the king and then for the king himself. The Roman Empire was knit together by roads, some of which survive today. John had a high and holy mission as the forerunner of the Messiah." Paths (5147)(tribos from tribo = to rub, wear down) in secular Greek was used for a path, usually a well-worn track, a beaten path, thoroughfare and thus a defined track or route. A path that is familiar. Only 3x - Mt 3:3, Mk 1:3, Lk 3:4. In the present context
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Robertson says the axe "is there ready for business." The axe is placed and lain, ready to chop! Earlier John had declared "the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand" (Mt 3:2) and now he couples the nearness of the Kingdom with the warning that the judgment is also near, which is logical because failure to enter the Kingdom of Heaven/God (cf Jn 3:3+) will leave judgment as the only viable (really "non-viable" because it brings eternal death) alternative! Adam
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Robertson says "The prophetic present occurs also with “cut down” and “thrown.” (ED: Note that laid is also in present tense.) The prophetic present tense describes what is going to take place in the future as though it were already coming. It implies certainty and thus states with assurance that which is predicted (cut down...thrown). The idea is that these events which are future are pictured as if already present. Laid (present passive)(2749)(keimai) means literally to be in a recumbent position, to lie down, to be laid down. Figuratively as in this passage keimai means appointed (determined or decided upon) or destined for a particular end, in this case judgment!
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Robertson adds "The two men of destiny are face to face for the first time apparently. The Coming One stands before John and he recognizes him before the promised sign is given." Saying, "I have need to be baptized by You, and do You come to me? - The 3 pronouns are all emphatic (I...You...You ) which emphasize John's sense of bewilderment and confusion. John expresses his surprise as he explains why he is resistant to baptize Jesus. John knew he was a sinner and like those he was baptizing was in need of confession and repentance. John's surprise and question recall Simon Peter in the Upper Room when Jesus sought to wash Peter's feet prompting him to say "Lord, do You wash my feet?” (John 13:6) Broadus adds "In like manner, John’s mother had felt unworthy of a visit from the mother of her Lord - "And how has it happened to me, that the mother of my Lord would come to me?". (Luke 1:43+) Some like France think "It was as if John said to Jesus, “I need your Spirit-and-fire baptism, not you my water-baptism.” Most commentators however think this is not likely to have been John's meaning. In context, John is baptizing in water and Jesus asked to be baptized in water and it would be more natural to then see John asking Jesus to baptize him in water for he knew Jesus was more righteous. Warren
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Robertson says "The Cerinthian Gnostics took the dove to mean the heavenly aeon Christ that here descended upon the man Jesus and remained with him till the Cross when it left him, a sort of forecast of the modern distinction between the Jesus of history and the theological Christ." Hiebert adds "Cerinthus (c. A.D. 100), a late contemporary of John the Apostle at Ephesus, separated Jesus from Christ. He taught that the “Christ spirit” came upon the man Jesus, the son of Joseph and Mary, at his baptism and empowered his ministry but left him before his crucifixion; it was only the man Jesus who died and rose again. Cerinthus thus rejected the doctrine of the incarnation and consequently obliterated the Christian doctrine of the atonement." Related Resources: Commentary notes on 1 John 4:2 What is Cerinthianism? | CARM.org Dr Wayne Grudem's outline on the The Humanity of Christ Systematic Theology Is Jesus God in the flesh- Why is it important that Jesus is God in the flesh? Why is the humanity of Jesus important? What is the meaning of the Incarnation of Christ? What does incarnate mean? How was Jesus God incarnate? How can the Incarnation be reconciled with God's immutability? What is the hypostatic union? How can Jesus be both God and man at the same time? Cerinthus - Wikipedia = "Cerinthus distinguished between the man Jesus and the Christ. He denied the supernatural virgin birth of Jesus, making him the biological son of Joseph and Mary, and taught that the Christ descended upon Him in the form of a dove from the Supreme Ruler at baptism and left Him again at his crucifixion—never to embody the flesh.(See Irenaeus, Against Heresies, 1.26.1) Matthew 3:17 and behold, a voice out of the heavens said, "This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well-pleased." NET Matthew 3:17 And a voice from heaven said, "This is my one dear Son; in him I take great delight." GNT Matthew 3:17 καὶ ἰδοὺ φωνὴ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν λέγουσα, Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός, ἐν ᾧ εὐδόκησα. NLT Matthew 3:17 And a voice from heaven said, "This is my dearly loved Son, who brings me great joy." KJV Matthew 3:17 And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. ESV Matthew 3:17 and behold, a voice from heaven said, "This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased." NIV Matthew 3:17 And a voice from heaven said, "This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased." ASV Matthew 3:17 and lo, a voice out of the heavens, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. CSB Matthew 3:17 And there came a voice from heaven: This is My beloved Son. I take delight in Him! NKJ Matthew 3:17 And suddenly a voice came from heaven, saying, "This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." NRS Matthew 3:17 And a voice from heaven said, "This is my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased." YLT Matthew 3:17 and lo, a voice out of the heavens, saying, 'This is My Son -- the Beloved, in whom I did delight.' NAB Matthew 3:17 And a voice came from the heavens, saying, "This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased." NJB Matthew 3:17 And suddenly there was a voice from heaven, 'This is my Son, the Beloved; my favour rests on him.' GWN Matthew 3:17 Then a voice from heaven said, "This is my Son, whom I love-my Son with whom I am pleased." behold - Joh 5:37 12:28-30 Rev 14:2 This - Mt 12:18 17:5 Ps 2:7 Isa 42:1,21 Mk 1:11 9:7 Lu 3:22 9:35 Eph 1:6 Col 1:13 2Pe 1:17 Matthew 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries THE FATHER'S SEAL OF APPROVAL And behold (see idou above) - As we have noted behold is used to grab our attention to what follows. In this case it hardly seems necessary, for God the Father speaking audibly from His throne room in Heaven ought to be sufficient to arouse the attention of even the sleepiest saint! A voice out of the heavens said - The text does not state it, but clearly this is the voice of God the Father in Heaven speaking to God the Son Who has become incarnated as fully Man, even as God the Spirit has just descended upon Him. There it is as clear as day - THE TRINITY. Someone said of the crucial doctrine of the Trinity - If you try to understand it, you'll lose your mind, but if you try to deny it, you will lose your soul!. That saying may be slightly exaggerated, but the gist of it is absolutely true. A good modern example of those who try to deny the Trinity is the so-called "Jesus Only" movement (see below). This is the first of three recorded occasions when the Father spoke from Heaven. The second was when Jesus was transfigured (Mt 17:5, Lk 9:28-36+), and the third was during His last week before the cross (John 12:28). Jesus declared "And the Father who sent Me, He has testified of Me. You have neither heard His voice at any time nor seen His form. (John 5:37)