João 16
A.T. Robertson · Citado em PreceptAustin
João 16
Robertson - The "sorrow" (lupēn) is like that of the mother in childbirth (real, but fleeting, with permanent joy following). The metaphor points, of course, to the resurrection of Jesus which did change the grief of the disciples to gladness, once they are convinced that Jesus has risen from the dead. You too have (present tense) grief (lupe) now (Jn 16:6); but (contrast) I will see you again (contra Jn 16:19 "you will not see Me"), and your heart (kardia) will rejoice (chairo) - (See interesting NET NOTE below) First (using the phrase "you too") Jesus promises that just as intense labor pains are generally short-lived followed by great joy, so too the disciples' grief would be relatively short lived and would suddenly be turned to joy by the sight of their living, resurrected Lord. Grief on GRIEF on Good Friday would be turned to JOY on Resurrection Sunday! And (oudeis - absolutely) no one will take (airo - same verb Jn 15:2+) your joy (chara) away from you - The second promise is that joy would be different from what the world normally calls "joy," because their joy would endure. It would be their permanent possession. That their joy could not be taken away indicates this joy had a supernatural genesis or source, surely a reference to the coming of the Holy Spirit Who would enable them to bear the fruit of joy (Gal 5:22+). The world cannot give this quality of joy and cannot take it away! It is also worth noting that when Jesus ascended and even before the Spirit descended at Pentecost, Luke records the reaction of the disciples as one of joy... While He was blessing them, He parted from them and was carried up into heaven. 52 And they, after worshiping Him, returned to Jerusalem with great (megas) joy (chara) , 53 and were continually in the temple praising God. (Lk 24:51-53+) NET NOTE on I will see you again....- An allusion to Isa 66:14 Septuagint, which reads: “Then you will see, and your heart will be glad, and your bones will flourish like the new grass; and the hand of the LORD will be made known to his servants, but he will be indignant toward his enemies.” The change from “you will see [me]” to I will see you places more emphasis on Jesus as the one who re-initiates the relationship with the disciples after His resurrection, but Jn 16:16 (you will see me) is more like Isa 66:14. Further support for seeing this allusion as intentional is found in Isa 66:7, which uses the same imagery of the woman giving birth found in John 16:21. In the context of Isa 66 the passages refer to the institution of the messianic kingdom, and in fact the last clause of 66:14 along with the following verses (Isa 66:15–17) have yet to be fulfilled. This is part of the tension of present and future eschatological fulfillment that runs throughout the NT, by virtue of the fact that there are two advents. Some prophecies are fulfilled or partially fulfilled at the first advent, while other prophecies or parts of prophecies await fulfillment at the second. JOY THAT STAYS - JOHN 16:22 The joy of Christ doesn’t go away. Have you noticed how easily earthly joy can leave? Have you discovered how simple it is for your gladness of today to become your sadness of tomorrow, for your sweetness of the morning to turn into the bitterness of the night? Have you discovered how the people you thought were your friends today can become your enemies tomorrow, the wisdom you thought was so great yesterday is foolishness today? Nothing seems to be too stable in the world. You can’t really count on too much anymore. But the joy of Christ is a continual, never-ending, absolutely constant joy when we follow the principles of the Word of God. This joy survives all the difficult times in life. This joy is not hinged on happenings, but it is hinged on a Person. In John 16:22, Jesus says, “Therefore you now have sorrow; but I will see you again and your heart will rejoice, and your joy no one will take from you.” Isn’t that something? Jesus says the joy He wants to give every one of His children is the kind of joy you don’t have to lose. Nobody can take it away from you! (David Jeremiah - BORROW A Resource of Power - page 140) C H
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Robertson adds that "Their belief in Christ was genuine as far as it went, but perils await them of which they are ignorant. They are too self-confident as their despair at Christ's death shows." G Campbell
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Robertson - "the skandala of faith, the stumbling blocks which trip up a disciple" (Bernard), in John only John 6:61 and here (cf. 1 John 2:10). NET NOTE - In Johannine thought the verb skandalizo means to trip up disciples and cause them to fall away from Jesus' company (Jn 6:61, 1John 2:10). Similar usage is found in Didache 16:5, an early Christian writing from around the beginning of the 2nd century A.D. An example of a disciple who falls away is Judas Iscariot. Here and again in Jn 16:4 Jesus gives the purpose (ED: cf so that) for his telling the disciples about coming persecution: He informs them so that when it happens, the disciples will not fall away, which in this context would refer to the confusion and doubt which they would certainly experience when such persecution began. There may have been a tendency for the disciples to expect immediately after Jesus' victory over death the institution of the messianic kingdom, particularly in light of the turn of events recorded in the early chapters of Acts. Jesus here forestalls such disillusionment for the disciples by letting them know in advance that they will face persecution (cf 2Ti 3:12) and even martyrdom as they seek to carry on his mission in the world after his departure. This material has parallels in the Olivet Discourse (Matt 24–25) and the synoptic parallels.
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Robertson says the perfect tense indicates that "They do not see their way to go on without Jesus." Sorrow was all the disciples could see at the moment as they contemplated Jesus' departure. As discussed above, the disciples were focused on themselves and not on Jesus. THOUGHT - There is a principle worth mentioning at this point -- WHAT FILLS YOU CONTROLS YOU! What a contrast would occur some 40 days later when they were filled with the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:4), so much so that Peter would boldly proclaim Christ resulting in 3000 conversions, and the Spirit filling would enable them to receive flogging (Acts 5:40) and leave the presence of the Jewish Council "rejoicing that they had been considered worthy to suffer shame for His name." (Acts 5:41)
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Robertson - The untaught cannot get the full benefit of teaching (1 Cor. 3:1; Hebrews 5:11-14). The progressive nature of revelation is a necessity. Bear (carry, endure)(941) bastazo from basis = foot) generally means to take up and hold (Jn 10:31, 20:15, Acts 21:35) or to bear (Mt 3:11, Mk 14:13, Lk 22:10). The meaning common in classic Greek of “to pick up” (Jn 10:31), carry (Jn 19:17), endure (borne - Mt 20:12), remove (Mt 3:11), and the common Koine sense of “to steal” (Jn 12:6). Luke 14:27; John 19:17 refer to carrying the cross. In Acts 9:15 "to bear My Name" means to announce it to "Gentiles and kings and sons." Jn 19:17 describes Jesus as "bearing His own cross" which is clearly a unique event which applies only to Jesus. In other words, in none of the passages that Jesus calls for disciples to bear their own cross (Mt 16:24; Mk 8:34; 10:21; Lk 9:23; 14:27), is it suggested that we can bear His cross. Metaphorically bastazo means to bear, support, endure, i.e., labors, sufferings (Mt. 20:12, burden or weight, implied in Rev. 2:3). The punishment incurred by being foolish (Gal. 5:10). To bear patiently (Ro 15:1; Gal. 6:2; Rev. 2:2). Metaphorically in the sense of to receive, understand (Jn 16:12). Norman Geisler - JOHN 16:12—Did Jesus reveal everything to His disciples or hold back some things? - When Critics Ask page 357 PROBLEM: Only a short time earlier Jesus left His disciples with the impression that He had told them everything He wanted to communicate to them, saying, “all things that I heard from My Father I have made known to you” (John 15:15). However, here in John 16:12 He reveals, “I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now.” It appears that these statements are in conflict. SOLUTION: Some scholars believe that the first statement is proleptical, envisioning in the present everything He was about to tell them in the future as well. In this case, the “many things” (of 16:12) would refer to what the Holy Spirit was yet to teach them (cf. 16:13). However, in light of the fact that these are in the same discourse, the latter seems to be a qualification of the former. Thus, the earlier statement means “All that the Father has designed for you at present, I have revealed to you.” In other words, Jesus faithfully communicated what the Father wanted them to know and when the Father wanted them to know it. James Smith - THE REVELATIONS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT JOHN 16:12–14 He Reveals the Pierced Saviour Zech. 12:10 He Reveals the Way into Truth John 16:13 He Reveals the Love of God Rom. 5:5 He Reveals the Things of Christ John 16:14 He Reveals the Things God hath Prepared, 1 Cor. 2:10 He Reveals the Valley of Need Ezek. 37:1 He Reveals the Path of Service Acts 8:29 Norman Geisler - JOHN 16:12–13 —Did Jesus predict the coming of Bahā’u’llāh , as the Baha’is say? - When Cultists Ask See page 153 MISINTERPRETATION: Members of the Baha’i Faith believe each age needs updated revelation from God. Jesus was one among many prophets. He communicated revelation from God specifically for his age. However, the greatest of the prophets is Bahā’u’llāh (1817–1892). And John 16:12–13 is said to be a prophecy of him. Bahā’u’llāh is interpreted to be the “Spirit of truth” who has come to guide us into all truth (Effendi, 1955, 93–96). CORRECTING THE MISINTERPRETATION: Jesus clearly identifies the Spirit of truth as being the Holy Spirit ( John 14:16–17 , 26 ), not Bahā’u’llāh . Furthermore, Jesus said almost 2000 years ago that his promise of the Holy Spirit would be fulfilled “in a few days” ( Acts 1:5 ), not in the 1800s (when the Baha’i Faith was founded). Indeed, the fulfillment came in Acts 2 on the day of Pentecost. Jesus also said the Holy Spirit would make known his teaching, not replace it with the teaching of another prophet ( John 16:14 ). And the Holy Spirit would “be with you forever” ( John 14:16 ). Bahā’u’llāh lived a mere 75 years. This hardly constitutes “forever.” John 16:13 “But when He, the Spirit of truth, comes, He will guide you into all the truth; for He will not speak on His own initiative, but whatever He hears, He will speak; and He will disclose to you what is to come. Spirit: John 14:17 15:26 1Jn 4:6 will guide: John 14:26 1Co 2:10-13 Eph 4:7-15 1Jn 2:20,27 for: John 3:32 7:16-18 8:38 12:49 He will disclose to you what is to come: Joe 2:28 Ac 2:17,18 11:28 20:23 21:9-11 27:24 2Th 2:3,12 1Ti 4:1-3 2Ti 3:1-5 2Pe 2:1-22 Rev 1:1,19 6:1-17 22:1-21 Related Passages: John 14:26 “But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I said to you. 1 Corinthians 2:10-13 For to us God revealed them through the Spirit; for the Spirit searches all things, even the depths of God. 11 For who among men knows the thoughts of a man except the spirit of the man which is in him? Even so the thoughts of God no one knows except the Spirit of God. 12 Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, so that we may know the things freely given to us by God, 13 which things we also speak, not in words taught by human wisdom, but in those taught by the Spirit, combining spiritual thoughts with spiritual words. 1 John 2:20; 27 But you have an anointing from the Holy One, and you all know. (2:27) As for you, the anointing which you received from Him abides in you, and you have no need for anyone to teach you; but as His anointing teaches you about all things, and is true and is not a lie, and just as it has taught you, you abide in Him. (From Jensen's Survey of the New Testament) (CLICK TO ENLARGE) THE SPIRIT OF TRUTH WILL GUIDE, SPEAK & DISCLOSE But when He, the Spirit of truth (aletheia), comes, He will guide (hodegeo - lead the way) you into all the truth (aletheia) - When the Spirit of truth (trustworthy and full of truthfulness) came at Pentecost, He guided Peter's understanding of the Old Testament passages that spoke of Jesus and thus Peter was able to unpack this truth for His Jewish audience, resulting in a harvest of "about 3000 souls." (Acts 2:41). See "TRUTH" (the concept) IN JOHN'S WRITINGS. Into all truth of course does not mean all truth known to man, but certainly all truth that is necessary for life and godliness (cf 2Pe 1:3+), and necessary for the accomplishment of His in and work through us (Eph 2:10+). Steven Cole emphasizes the Spirit is personal - The combination of “He” and “the Spirit” an unusual grammatical construction in Greek, because “Spirit” is a neuter noun that normally would take a neuter pronoun, but the pronoun is masculine, “He” (literally, “that One”). The Holy Spirit isn’t a force; He’s a person, the third person of the eternal Trinity, fully God in every way. This is important because false cults, like the Jehovah’s Witnesses, deny the personality of the Holy Spirit (because they deny the Trinity).....The designation, “the Spirit of truth,” implies, of course, that there is such a thing as knowable, unchanging truth in the spiritual realm. The fact that the Spirit communicates this truth by speaking shows that the truth is expressed by words and sentences that can be understood. That should not need to be affirmed among evangelicals, but the spirit of postmodernism has infiltrated the church so that fewer than one out of three who claim to be born again believe that there is such a thing as absolute moral truth. Among Christian teenagers, only 6 percent believe in absolute moral truth! (See 2002 article Americans Are Most Likely to Base Truth on Feelings) This de-emphasis on truth has also led to a de-emphasis on doctrine. The common refrain is, “They will know that we are Christians by our love, not by our doctrinal agreement!” A shorter version is, “Doctrine divides; love unites.” (How the Holy Spirit Works John 16:12-15) God’s guidance and help that we need day to day Is given to all who believe; The Spirit has sealed us—He’s God’s guarantee Of power that we can receive. —Branon The Christian who neglects the Holy Spirit is like a lamp that’s not plugged in. D A Carson writes that "Jesus Himself is the truth (Jn 14:6); now the Spirit of truth leads the disciples into all the implications of the truth, the revelation, intrinsically bound up with Jesus Christ. There is no other locus of truth; this is all truth." (See The Gospel according to John - scroll up and down for more comments) John
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Robertson - Jesus explains how and why the Holy Spirit can and will reveal to the disciples what they need to know further concerning him. They had failed so far to understand Christ's words about his death and resurrection. The Holy Spirit as Guide and Teacher will teach them what they can only receive and understand after the resurrection and ascension of Jesus. C H
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Robertson comments that "They had failed to understand the plain words of Jesus about going to the Father heretofore (John 16:5), but Jesus read their very thoughts (John 16:19-20) and this fact seemed to open their minds to grasp his idea." William