2 Coríntios 11
A.T. Robertson · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Coríntios 11
Robertson points out is "Either imperative middle or present middle indicative (ye do bear with me). Same form." Paul asks the Corinthians to bear with him as he begins the defense of his apostleship, something he would rather not be doing because he was forced to focus on himself. What does he mean by foolishness? Certainly what follows is the inspired Word of God and it is not foolish. It is however foolishness in the sense that he would rather not be writing his self-defense, and talk about himself which would appear like he was boasting in his apostleship. So to be boasting now would appear a bit foolish in light of the preceding context commands believers to "boast in the Lord." (2Co 10:17). Of course in contrast to the boasting of his adversaries, Paul's boasting was firmly grounded in fact and truth. Key Word in Chapter 11 - foolish - 2Co 11:1 (aphrosune); 2Co 11:16 (aphron - 2x); 2Co 11:17 (aphrosune) 2Co 11:19 (aphron) 2Co 11:21(aphrosune) (cf 2Co 12:6, 11) The basis for Paul's appeal is explained in 2Co 11:2-6 with verses that begin with the term of explanation for (gar)... His godly jealousy for them in 2Co 11:2-3 ("For I am jealous for you with a godly jealousy...") In light of how easily they receive the false teachers 2Co 11:4 ("For if one comes and preaches another Jesus...") He was not inferior to the super apostles 2Co 11:5-6 ("For I consider myself ...) Ultimately what Paul is boasting in is not so much what he had done or experienced but what the Lord had done through him in regard to any spiritual successes and what the Lord had done for him bringing him through the various trials and afflictions. Clearly the only One Who ultimately deserved the glory (and the boasting) was the Lord! MacArthur on indeed you are bearing with me - The apostle softened his blow by acknowledging that they were indeed... bearing with him, an affirmation of their positive response to his prior correction of them (2Co 2:1-4; 7:6-11; 1 Corinthians). Paul asked for the same favorable response as he defended himself against the false teachers' attacks and the Corinthians' own foolish disloyalty. (2 Corinthians) In verses 2, 4, 5 he proceeds to give reasons the Corinthians should bear with him, each verse beginning with "for" (gar), a term of explanation -- (1) in 2Co 11:2 he says he is jealous for their purity (2) in 2Co 11:4 they had borne with intruders who had brought them nothing and (3) in 2Co 11:5 they needed to know that he did not consider himself in any way inferior to the "super-apostles." Sam Storms - There is an unmistakable twinge of sarcasm in Paul's words. Most likely Paul was accused by his opponents of being a "fool" whom the Corinthians must "bear with", i.e., humor or tolerate or put up with. In effect, Paul says, "'Since you Corinthians think I am an idiot anyway, there is nothing much to lose, is there? I am already the object of your patronizing contempt, so it is not much to ask you to tolerate a little more of poor old Paul's buffoonery'" (Clements, 175-76). But note well: this is not Paul trying to vindicate himself out of some petty concern for his own reputation. Paul does not "take on" the so-called "super-apostles" primarily because they were trying to undermine his influence or to defame him. They were proposing what Paul regards as a "different" Christianity, which he contends is no Christianity, hence no gospel, at all. The stakes are much higher here than merely one man's position in the community. Eternal destiny is the heart of the matter. (2 Corinthians 11)
2 Coríntios 11
Robertson adds that "The middle voice indicates Paul's interest in the matter. Paul treats the Corinthians as his bride." Middle voice means Paul initiated the action and participated in the action thereof (How? Probably by personal exhortation and admonishment as we see in these 2 letters but also knowing Paul undoubtedly by his prayers for their sanctification!) The root word of the verb harmozo (sounds like ''harmony'') means a joint. As a physician I know that a joint functions best when it is not dislocated, not swollen, not inflamed, not in a splint. In the Jewish world of Paul "During the betrothal period, it was the father's responsibility to ensure that his daughter remained faithful to her pledged husband. He would then present her to him at the wedding ceremony as a pure virgin." ESV Study Bible - In Jewish culture it was the father’s responsibility to commit at his daughter’s betrothal that he would present her as a pure virgin at her wedding (Deut. 22:13-24; see 2 Cor. 6:14-7:1). In a similar way God has joined or espoused every BELIEVER to ONE HUSBAND, JESUS CHRIST. Every believer has been chosen by the Father to be the Son's Bride, chosen even before the foundation of the world (Eph 1:4) for the purpose that we should be eternally joined, fitted together, harmonized with Him. Are you living with purity as you await the arrival of your Bridegroom? Henry
2 Coríntios 11
Robertson says idiotes is "common from Herodotus for private person, unskilled (as in Acts 4:13, 2Co 11:6), uninitiated (unlearned) in the gift of tongues as here and 1Cor. 14:23-24. In the synagogues the Jews used responsive amens at the close of prayers (Neh. 5:13; Neh. 8:6; 1 Chron. 16:36; Psalm 106:48). Used in 5v - Acts 4:13; 1Co. 14:16; 1Co. 14:23; 1Co. 14:24; 2Co. 11:6 2 Corinthians 11:7 Or did I commit a sin in humbling myself so that you might be exalted, because I preached the gospel of God to you without charge? KJV 2 Corinthians 11:7 Have I committed an offence in abasing myself that ye might be exalted, because I have preached to you the gospel of God freely? NET 2 Corinthians 11:7 Or did I commit a sin by humbling myself so that you could be exalted, because I proclaimed the gospel of God to you free of charge? BGT 2 Corinthians 11:7 Ἢ ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησα ἐμαυτὸν ταπεινῶν ἵνα ὑμεῖς ὑψωθῆτε, ὅτι δωρεὰν τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ εὐαγγέλιον εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν; NLT 2 Corinthians 11:7 Was I wrong when I humbled myself and honored you by preaching God's Good News to you without expecting anything in return? ESV 2 Corinthians 11:7 Or did I commit a sin in humbling myself so that you might be exalted, because I preached God's gospel to you free of charge? NIV 2 Corinthians 11:7 Was it a sin for me to lower myself in order to elevate you by preaching the gospel of God to you free of charge? YLT 2 Corinthians 11:7 The sin did I do -- myself humbling that ye might be exalted, because freely the good news of God I did proclaim to you? ASV 2 Corinthians 11:7 Or did I commit a sin in abasing myself that ye might be exalted, because I preached to you the gospel of God for nought? CSB 2 Corinthians 11:7 Or did I commit a sin by humbling myself so that you might be exalted, because I preached the gospel of God to you free of charge? MIT 2 Corinthians 11:7 I made myself the equivalent of a sin offering, humbling myself that you might be exalted, because—without compensation—I preached to you the good news from God. NKJ 2 Corinthians 11:7 Did I commit sin in humbling myself that you might be exalted, because I preached the gospel of God to you free of charge? NRS 2 Corinthians 11:7 Did I commit a sin by humbling myself so that you might be exalted, because I proclaimed God's good news to you free of charge? NAB 2 Corinthians 11:7 Did I make a mistake when I humbled myself so that you might be exalted, because I preached the gospel of God to you without charge? NJB 2 Corinthians 11:7 Have I done wrong, then, humbling myself so that you might be raised up, by preaching the gospel of God to you for nothing? GWN 2 Corinthians 11:7 Did I commit a sin when I humbled myself by telling you the Good News of God free of charge so that you could become important? BBE 2 Corinthians 11:7 Or did I do wrong in making myself low so that you might be lifted up, because I gave you the good news of God without reward? Message - I wonder, did I make a bad mistake in proclaiming God’s Message to you without asking for something in return, serving you free of charge so that you wouldn’t be inconvenienced by me? Amplified - But did I perhaps make a mistake and do you a wrong in debasing and cheapening myself so that you might be exalted and enriched in dignity and honor and happiness by preaching God’s Gospel without expense to you? Phillips Perhaps I made a mistake in cheapening myself (though I did it to help you) by preaching the gospel without a fee? The Message I wonder, did I make a bad mistake in proclaiming God’s Message to you without asking for something in return, serving you free of charge so that you wouldn’t be inconvenienced by me? AMP But did I perhaps make a mistake and do you a wrong in debasing and cheapening myself so that you might be exalted and enriched in dignity and honor and happiness by preaching God’s Gospel without expense to you? The Living Bible Did I do wrong and cheapen myself and make you look down on me because I preached God’s Good News to you without charging you anything? in: 2Co 10:1 12:13 Ac 18:1-3 20:34 1Co 4:10-12 9:6,12,14-18 1Th 2:9 2Th 3:8 2 Corinthians 11 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: 1 Corinthians 9:6-18+ (READ FOR BACKGROUND ON PAUL NOT ACCEPTING MONEY FROM THE CORINTHIAN CHURCH) Or do only Barnabas and I not have a right to refrain from working? (IMPLIED ANSWER - YES - THEN HE EXPLAINS WHY...) 7 Who at any time serves as a soldier at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat the fruit of it? Or who tends a flock and does not use the milk of the flock? 8 I am not speaking these things according to human judgment, am I? Or does not the Law also say these things? 9 For it is written in the Law of Moses, “YOU SHALL NOT MUZZLE THE OX WHILE HE IS THRESHING.” God is not concerned about oxen, is He? 10 Or is He speaking altogether for our sake? Yes, for our sake it was written, because the plowman ought to plow in hope, and the thresher to thresh in hope of sharing the crops. 11 If we sowed spiritual things in you, is it too much if we reap material things from you? 12 If others share the right over you (? REFERRING TO THE FALSE APOSTLES?), do we not more? Nevertheless, (WHY HE ACCEPTED NO FUNDS) we did not use this right, but we endure all things so that we will cause no hindrance to the gospel of Christ. 13 Do you not know that those who perform sacred services eat the food of the temple, and those who attend regularly to the altar have their share from the altar? 14 So also the Lord directed those who proclaim the gospel to get their living from the gospel. 15 But I have used none of these things. And I am not writing these things so that it will be done so in my case; for it would be better for me to die than have any man make my boast an empty one. 16 For if I preach the gospel, I have nothing to boast of, for I am under compulsion; for woe is me if I do not preach the gospel. 17 For if I do this voluntarily, I have a reward; but if against my will, I have a stewardship entrusted to me. 18 What then is my reward? That, when I preach the gospel, I may offer the gospel without charge, so as not to make full use of my right in the gospel. Acts 18:1-5+ After these things he left Athens and went to Corinth. 2 And he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, having recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to leave Rome. He came to them, 3 and because he was of the same trade, he stayed with them and they were working, for by trade they were tent-makers. 4 And he was reasoning in the synagogue every Sabbath and trying to persuade Jews and Greeks. 5 But when Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul began devoting himself completely to the word, solemnly testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ. 2 Corinthians 2:17+ For we are not like many, peddling the word of God, but as from sincerity, but as from God, we speak in Christ in the sight of God. A NOT FOR PROFIT PROPHET Keep the cultural context in mind, for in Paul's day if a speaker did not accept compensation, he was often regarded as either an amateur or just a poor speaker. If his speaking did not deserve compensation, the idea was that what he said wasn't really worth anything! Paul was not speaking to please men, but to please God and save men! The last thing he wanted was to be accused of preaching the good news for a good profit! So in verses 7-12 Paul discusses his refusal of recompense and the repercussions this would have for the false apostles who exploited the Corinthians (2Co 11:12) Or did I commit a sin (hamartia) in humbling (tapeinoo) myself so that you might be exalted, because I preached the gospel of God to you without charge? - Amplified gives an accurate rendering "But did I perhaps make a mistake and do you a wrong in debasing and cheapening myself so that you might be exalted and enriched in dignity and honor and happiness by preaching God’s Gospel without expense to you?" This is clearly a rhetorical question calling for a loud NO! NO WAY! (see related passage above) Paul continues his biting sarcasm with this question. Preaching the Gospel of God with humility is obviously not a sin. He surely wants his readers to grasp his point that just because he did not seek to be compensated for preaching them the Gospel of God, did not diminish the impact of the Gospel. And it clearly rebuts his opponents who denigrated him for not taking money which is discussed in notes on 1Co 9:3-18. Might be exalted means the Corinthians were raised up, lifted up (in a spiritual sense) by Paul's preaching of the Gospel. NET NOTE on humbling myself - Paul is referring to humbling himself to the point of doing manual labor to support himself. Storms on without charge - Since teachers, philosophers, and orators in ancient times were expected to charge for their services in proportion to their skill and gifting, Paul's refusal to accept financial support from the Corinthians exposed him to the accusation of being a fraud. The intruders had put Paul in a no-win situation: if he refuses remuneration he betrays his own sense of inauthenticity, incompetence, and lack of authority; but if he receives remuneration it is because he is greedy and thus is guilty of peddling the gospel. Add to this the fact that manual labor, such as tent-making (Paul's chosen trade), was viewed by the Greeks with disdain. In order to appreciate Paul's response to this charge we must understand his personal financial policies. ·Paul believed that he had a right to be supported by those to whom he ministered (1 Cor. 9:1-19; 3 John 5-8; Lk. 9:3-4; 10:4,7; Mt. 10:10; Gal. 6:6; 1 Tim. 5:17-18). On occasion he accepted the financial support of churches he had established and to whom he ministered (2 Cor. 11:8-9; Phil. 4:10-15). ·As a general rule, however, he would not accept support from the church to which he was then ministering (2 Cor. 11:8-9; 1 Thess. 2:9; 2 Thess. 3:8-12). In other words, he accepted the support of churches where he had ministered in the past. Why? (1) Paul probably did not want to be perceived as just one of many itinerant lecturers or philosophers so common in Greek culture of that day, nor did he want his message viewed as just one more competing philosophy. (2) Paul knew that the reputation of the gospel was, to a degree, dependent on his own integrity. Paul held a position in the first century not unlike that of Billy Graham in the twentieth. (3) He wanted to be absolutely free to preach the truth without exposing himself to the pressure of those with money. In this way, he could not be charged with fashioning his message according to the whims of the wealthy. (4) He wanted to set an example of the virtues of self-support and manual labor. ·He actively solicited financial assistance for other Christians in need (2 Cor. 8-9; 1 Cor. 16:1-4). Only rarely did Paul actively solicit financial assistance for himself (Rom. 15:24; Acts 15:3).