1 Coríntios 5
A.T. Robertson · Citado em PreceptAustin
1 Coríntios 5
Robertson - we are not to infer that expulsion from the local church means the damnation of the offender. The wilful offenders have to be expelled and not regarded as enemies, but admonished as brothers (2 Th 3:14-15). If anyone does not obey our instruction in this letter, take special note of that person and do not associate with him, so that he will be put to shame. 15 Yet do not regard him as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother. H. A. W. Meyer suggests that while the church could excommunicate an erring member, it was the prerogative of only the apostles to consign a man to Satan. He calls the latter "the intensified penalty of excommunication" Bell has an interesting thought that this "Seems to suggest that there is spiritual safety within the fellowship of the local church. And a vulnerability to Satan’s attacks on the “outside”! (cf 1 Pe 5:8) Deliver (hand over) (3860) paradidomi from para = alongside, beside, to the side of, over to + didomi = to give) conveys the basic meaning of to give over from one's hand to someone or something, especially to give over to the power of another. Jesus was “betrayed” (delivered over) into human hands (Matt 17:22; 20:18–19; 24:9). Uses in the Corinthian letters 1 Co. 5:5; 1 Co. 11:2; 1 Co. 11:23; 1 Co. 13:3; 1 Co. 15:3; 1 Co. 15:24; 2 Co. 4:11; Satan (4567) satanas transliterated from Hebrew Satan - see 07854 and Aramaic sātānâ) literally means Adversary, the evil antagonist who offers opposition, hostility, resentment, etc. An enemy who that contends with, opposes, resists. An adversary is one who hates or opposes another person and tries to harm them or stop them from doing something because of hatred and malice. Satan is the inveterate, implacable, relentless, ruthless, remorseless, merciless, heartless, pitiless, cruel, hard, harsh, hardened, incorrigible, dedicated enemy of God and man. In 2 Cor. 12:7 Paul speaks of his own physical suffering = "Because of the surpassing greatness of the revelations, for this reason, to keep me from exalting myself, there was given me a thorn in the flesh, a messenger of Satan to torment me–to keep me from exalting myself!" Uses in the Corinthian letters 1 Co. 5:5; 1 Co. 7:5; 2 Co. 2:11; 2 Co. 11:14; 2 Co. 12:7; Destruction (3639) olethros from ollumi = to destroy. Derivative = apollumi = destroy utterly or fully and has to do with that which is ruined and is no longer usable for its intended purpose) is a state of utter and hopeless ruin and the end of all that gives worth to human existence! Do not confuse with a state of annihilation (and non-existence so that there is no longer an actual personal perception) for olethros signifies an unavoidable, very real experience of distress and torment! The destruction Paul warns about is a time of unavoidable distress, disaster and ruin. This destruction will not be a loss of being but rather a loss of well-being. The idea of olethros is to suffer the loss of all that gives worth to existence. We get a clue as to the meaning of olethros in 1 Th 5:3 where Paul writes "then destruction (olethros) will come upon them suddenly like labor pains upon a woman with child, and they will not escape." What this passage suggest is that the destruction is progressive like labor pains and grows in intensity like labor pains. In 2 Th 1:9-10 Paul says unbelievers "will pay the penalty of eternal destruction, away from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His power." So there the destruction includes separation from God. Used in only 5v in NT - 1 Co. 5:5; 1 Th 5:3; 2 Th. 1:9; 1 Ti 6:9; Heb. 11:28 Flesh (4561) sarx is used 147 times in the NT. A simple definition of sarx is difficult because sarx has many nuances (e.g., some Greek lexicons list up to 11 definitions for sarx!). In the present context sarx is one having flesh and blood, the physical body as a whole. Summary of sarx - 1) flesh (the soft substance of the living body, which covers the bones and is permeated with blood) of both man and beasts 2) the body 2a) the body of a man 2b) used of natural or physical origin, generation or relationship 2b1) born of natural generation 2c) the sensuous nature of man, "the animal nature" 2c1) without any suggestion of depravity 2c2) the animal nature with cravings which incite to sin 2c3) the physical nature of man as subject to suffering 3) a living creature (because possessed of a body of flesh) whether man or beast 4) the flesh, denotes mere human nature, the earthly nature of man apart from divine influence, and therefore prone to sin and opposed to God Uses in the Corinthian letters 1 Co. 1:26; 1 Co. 1:29; 1 Co. 5:5; 1 Co. 6:16; 1 Co. 7:28; 1 Co. 10:18; 1 Co. 15:39; 1 Co. 15:50; 2 Co. 1:17; 2 Co. 4:11; 2 Co. 5:16; 2 Co. 7:1; 2 Co. 7:5; 2 Co. 10:2; 2 Co. 10:3; 2 Co. 11:18; 2 Co. 12:7; So that - Term of purpose. Paul specifies the goal of the giving over and it was not to totally destroy the man. His spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus - This is a difficult passage to interpret and one needs to be careful and not be too dogmatic. Clearly the goal of being given over to Satan is not only punishment, but punishment that leads to repentance (that "his spirit may be saved"). Paul does does not say "will be saved" (NLT paraphrases it "will be saved" but that is not what the literal Greek says) but "may be saved." This is the subjunctive mood which is the mood of possibility. This suggests that this man's spirit might be saved but there is no guarantee. Jack Arnold on his spirit saved on the day of the Lord - The ultimate reason for this excommunication and the turning of the offender over to Satan was not to have a sadistic glee over a brother who has fallen but to see this brother’s spirit saved on judgment day at the second coming of Christ. Hopefully, being put back into Satan’s kingdom and through negative experiences in that kingdom, he will see the need for true repentance and confession of his sin, so that he will be restored to fellowship with Christ and the local church. Paul wanted to see this man demonstrating the reality of his salvation so that on judgment day he would be accepted by Christ. Not everyone agrees with Arnold's suggestion that "There is very strong evidence that this offender in the Corinthian Church repented and came back into fellowship with Christ and the church. “If anyone has caused grief, he has not so much grieved me as he has grieved all of you, to some extent—not to put it too severely. The punishment inflicted on him by the majority is sufficient for him. Now instead, you ought to forgive and comfort him, so that he will not be overwhelmed by excessive sorrow. I urge you, therefore, to reaffirm your love for him” (2 Cor. 2:5-8). (ED: WAS THIS THE 1 COR 5 MAN IN INCEST? ARNOLD THINKS SO WRITING) The discipline worked, but then the Corinthian Church had a hard time forgiving the erring brother and letting him back into the church. The Corinthians went from one extreme to the other. Such is human nature which is filled with pride, smugness, prejudice and self-righteousness. Ray
1 Coríntios 5
Robertson comments on actually reported this the "Height of scorn. The Corinthian Christians were actually trying to win pagans to Christ and living more loosely than the Corinthian heathen among whom the very word “Corinthianize” meant to live in sexual wantonness and license. See Cicero pro Cluentio, v. 14."
1 Coríntios 5
Robertson - Decent self-respect should have compelled the instant expulsion of the man instead of pride in his rascality. MacArthur makes an excellent point that "Discipline is not inconsistent with love. It is lack of discipline, in fact, that is inconsistent with love. The Lord disciplines his children because he loves them, and we will discipline our brothers and sisters in the Lord if we truly love Him and truly love them." (see Heb 12:6+) Craig Keener - Synagogues, which functioned as social centers for their communities, disciplined their members, especially those whose immorality threatened to bring Gentile reproach on the whole Jewish community. Discipline could include corporal punishment (beatings), but the ultimate punishment was exclusion from the Jewish community—spiritual banishment. This expulsion was meant to be the spiritual equivalent of a death sentence, executed only by God; but it was reversible if the banned person repented. ( IVPBBCNT) THOUGHT - One wonders if the failure to see the powerful working of the Holy Spirit in many churches today is not a reflection of their failure to remove the blatant sinners from their midst (if they refuse to repent). And by powerful working I am not referring to "signs and wonders" per se, but to the lives of saints saturated with the Word (Col 3:16ff+), filled with the Spirit (Eph 5:18+), fighting the good fight of faith by the Spirit resisting strong fleshly temptations (Gal 5:16+) and boldly living out and speaking forth the Gospel (cf Acts 4:31+, Eph 6:19-20+) in the midst of people who are "dead in (their) trespasses and sins" (Eph 2:1+) and in danger of entering into eternal punishment. (See Spirit Filled Church) Done (4160) prasso means doing something as a regular practice or as a routine habit, and is distinguished from poieo which means "to do" which focuses more on the end/achievement of the action. In contrast prasso focuses on the process or habitual effort to arrive at the end/achievement (in the present context the gratification of fleshly desires!), and thus refers more to the course of conduct of a person. Removed (142) airo literally means to lift up something (Mt 17:27) and to carry it (Lxx - Ge 44:1, Ex 25:28 = the Ark). Here in 1 Cor 5:3 the idea is to expel the sinning man by force if necessary (cf this tragic eschatological use in Mt 21:43). Airo is the word Jesus used when He declared " “If anyone wishes to come after Me, he must deny (aorist imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) himself, and take up (airo in aorist imperative) his cross and follow (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) Me." (Mk 8:34+). One final note is that airo in some contexts conveys the sense of to kill (Jn 19:15), which is interesting in view of the fact that Paul says he will "deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of his flesh." (1 Cor 5:5). 1 Corinthians 5:3 For I, on my part, though absent in body but present in spirit, have already judged him who has so committed this, as though I were present. Amplified - As for my attitude, though I am absent [from you] in body, I am present in spirit, and I have already decided and passed judgment, as if actually present, Wuest's Paraphrase - For, as for myself, I indeed, being absent in body but present in spirit, already handed down my sentence, and this sentence stands as though I were present concerning this one who thus did this thing. (Eerdmans Publishing - used by permission) absent in body but present in spirit,: 2Co 10:1,11 13:2 Col 2:5 1Th 2:17 1 Corinthians 5 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries PAUL HAS JUDGED THE IMMORAL MAN For I, on my part, though absent in body but present in spirit - The NLT paraphrase capitalizes Spirit signifying Holy Spirit, but almost every other version has little "s" spirit, signifying Pau's human spirit. "There is some hesitation in taking this to indicate Paul’s metaphysical presence with them apart from his body." (CBC) Paul is in Ephesus, but he is connected to the believers in Corinth by virtue of the fact that both are members of the mystical Body of Christ. Geographic separation did not separate him spiritually from the Corinthians, and his written words were to be taken as if he himself were physically present. And so here Paul expresses his response in his innermost spirit upon hearing of this sin of incest. Regarding the spirit as big or little "s" - Fee (1986:204–205), and Witherington (1995:158) lobby for the primary sense to be the Holy Spirit, as the NLT has. Rightly, they emphasize that Paul was drawing upon Matt 18:15–20, where Jesus promised to be present with the church as it exercises just discipline over its members. Having imparted his Spirit to the church and to its individual members upon their baptism into it, Paul’s theological conviction is that the Spirit’s presence among them, when they met to deal with this matter, would link them to Paul’s apostolic authority." (W. Baker) Kistemaker on present in spirit - In spirit he takes the gavel in hand, so to speak, and chairs the meeting of the local church. He knows that he and the Corinthians have to remove the blemish from the congregation. He does this through prayer on behalf of the Corinthians and through his epistle....The intent of Paul’s words is to move the church at Corinth to eliminate immediately this evil from its midst. He instructs the members to meet in assembly and to do so as if he himself were present.
1 Coríntios 5
Robertson says the idea is that labor is an annoyance, bad, evil; Noun poneria derived from poneros) means evil including evil, malignant character, pernicious (see Webster 1828 definition below), that which is morally or socially worthless, wicked, base, bad, degenerate. Poneros denotes determined, aggressive, and fervent evil that actively opposes what is good. Poneros is not just bad in character (like kakos - see below), but bad in effect (injurious)! Poneros describes evil in active opposition to good. It means not only evil in its nature but viciously evil in its influence and actively harmful. Poneros used to describe Satan (ho poneros = "Evil one"), the god of this age, who is corrupting man and dragging him to destruction. This denotes someone who is not content in being corrupt themselves. They seek to corrupt others and draw them into the same destruction! Only use of poneros in Corinthians letters is in 1 Co. 5:13 Other uses by Paul - Gal. 1:4; Eph. 5:16; Eph. 6:13; Eph. 6:16; Col. 1:21; 1 Th 5:22; 2 Th 3:2; 2 Th 3:3; 1 Ti 6:4; 2 Ti 3:13; 2 Ti 4:18; Poneros is an adjective that modifies a wide variety of subjects in the NT including (but not inclusive)... Some of the the scribes and Pharisees, evil demonic spirits, evil eye which fills the whole body with great darkness (it's an eye that actively works evil) evil treasure in the heart, bad fruit, evil and adulterous generation craving a sign, tares of the evil one, evil thoughts (out of heart), deliverance from this present evil age, days as evil, call to resist in the evil day, an evil conscience, evil motives, Cain as of the evil one.