1 Coríntios 10
A.T. Robertson · Citado em PreceptAustin
1 Coríntios 10
Robertson - Paul appeals to the experience of the Israelites in the wilderness in confirmation of his statement concerning himself in 9:26f. and as a powerful warning to the Corinthians who may be tempted to flirt with the idolatrous practices of their neighbours. Paul's warning is real because this is not an an imaginary peril but was an ever present danger in the sin sick city of Corinth, a city which America sadly is looking more and more alike every day (cf Ro 1:32+)!. Do not be deceived beloved. Paul is warning the saints at Corinth and us in the 21st century to not play around with the world system and fleshly desires because if you do, you are risking disqualification from the Christian race! I do not want you to (present tense - continually) be unaware, brethren - Amplified = "For I do not want you to be ignorant." Why not? This is Paul's heart as their spiritual father (1 Cor 4:15+) in issuing them a sobering warning. He calls them brethren which is his way of affirming them as his members of the same spiritual family (cf Jn 1:12+) or true born again believers. Paul reminds them of a Israel's history to illustrate the ever present danger of disqualification (see Wayne Barber introductory thoughts). Swindoll - Paul urges that the way forward for the Corinthians begins by looking to the past. He points them specifically to the Hebrews’ exodus from Egypt and their experiences as the people of God in the wilderness wanderings. He appealed to this history as an illustration because the believers in Corinth needed to learn the same lesson as the children of Israel: Neither the Israelites of old nor the Corinthians in Paul’s day could blame their failure to follow God’s guidelines on receiving unclear instructions. Both had been privileged to receive the latest and greatest revelations from God in their own days....Paul draws analogies between the Hebrews’ exodus from slavery in Egypt and the Corinthians’ conversion from a life of slavery to sin (10:1-4). Paul employs a common first-century Jewish rhetorical device called “typology,” a term derived from the Greek word typos, which Paul uses in 1 Corinthians 10:6, 11 Grant Osborne distinguishes typology from prophecy and describes its use in the New Testament writing "Typology differs from direct prophecy in that the latter texts [prophecies] are forward-looking and directly predict the New Testament event, while typology is indirect and analogously relates the Old Testament event to the New Testament event. The early Christians (like the Jews) saw all of salvation history . . . as a single continuous event. Therefore events in the past are linked to those in the present, so that God’s mighty deeds like the exodus or the return from exile foreshadow the experiences of God’s present community, the church." By correlating New Testament truths with Old Testament events, Paul reminds the Corinthians of their own miraculous deliverance from their former slavery to sin and of their present life of deliverance. They naturally would have understood how these events foreshadowed their own initiation into the faith, including baptism and the celebration of the Lord’s Supper. (Swindoll's Living Insights New Testament Commentary – 1 & 2 Corinthians) Related Resources: Typology - Study of Types - precepaustin.org What is biblical typology? | GotQuestions.org Paul's phrase do not want you (ou thelo) is repeated in 1 Cor 10:20 = "I do not want you to become sharers in demons." "This phrase is a literary technique Paul often used to introduce a conclusion (cf. Ro 1:13; 11:25; 1 Cor. 10:1; 12:1; 2 Cor. 1:8; 1 Th. 4:13)." (Utley)
1 Coríntios 10
Robertson - The picture is plain enough. The mystic cloud covered the people while the sea rose in walls on each side of them as they marched across. have ἐβαπτισθησαν [ebaptisthēsan] (first aorist passive, were baptized). The immersion was complete for all of them in the sea around them and the cloud over them. Moses was their leader then as Christ is now and so Paul uses εἰς [eis] concerning the relation of the Israelites to Moses as he does of our baptism in relation to Christ (Gal. 3:27). O spread Thy covering wings around, Till all our wanderings cease, And at our Father's loved abode Our souls arrive in peace. -- Philip Doddridge Cloud (3507) nephele is a diminutive of nephos and thus refers to a small cloud. (Luke 12:54 [cf. 1 Ki 18:44). Nephos is repeatedly associated with appearances of God -- God the Father spoke from a cloud (Mt 17:5, Mark 9:7. Lk 9:35), the Son departed in a cloud (Acts 1:9) and will return in a cloud (Mt 24:30, 26:64, Mk 13:26, 14:62, Lk 21:27, Rev 1:7, cf Rev 14:14-16+), the Son was transfigured in a cloud (Lk 9:34-35), saints will meet the Son in the clouds (1 Th 4:17).This same word describes the pillar of cloud in the desert which accompanied supernatural appearances and events (1 Cor. 10:1, 2 [Sept: Ex. 13:21, 22]); in connection with Christ (Lk 9:35, "a voice out of the cloud"); at His transfiguration, a luminous cloud (Mt. 17:5; Mk 9:7; Lk 9:34); as receiving Christ up at His ascension (Acts 1:9); as surrounding Him at His Second Coming (Mt 24:30; 26:64; Mk 13:26; 14:62; Lk 21:27; Rev. 1:7; 14:14-16); as surrounding ascending or descending saints or angels (1 Th 4:17; Rev. 10:1; 11:12 [cf. in regard to God in Sept.: Ps. 18:12; 97:2; Isa. 19:1). Related Resources: Shekinah glory cloud - see also Tony Garland's Abiding Presence of God The following table is from Swindoll's Living Insights THE HEBREWS’ DELIVERANCE FROM SLAVERY THE CORINTHIANS’ DELIVERANCE FROM SIN Hebrews passed under the cloud, which symbolized the presence of the Holy Spirit among the Israelites (Ex 13:21). Corinthians entered into the presence of the Holy Spirit indwelling the church as the temple of God (1 Cor. 3:16). Hebrews passed through the Red Sea by a miraculous deliverance from slavery (Ex 14:21-22). Corinthians passed through the waters of baptism, marking their deliverance from a life of sin (1 Cor. 1:13). Hebrews were “baptized” into Moses in the cloud and the sea, that is, fully associated with Moses as their spiritual and physical head (Ex 14:31). Corinthians partook of the Lord’s Supper as a sign of intimate spiritual fellowship with Christ and one another, receiving spiritual blessings (1 Cor. 10:16-17). Herbert Lockyer on THE CLOUD in the section he entitles "The Two Pillars": (excerpt from All the Messianic Prophecies of the Bible) We read that Solomon cast two massive pillars of brass for the temple (I Kings 7:15), yet in spite of their strength and beauty they perished long ago. Moses, however, tells us of two other pillars, more glorious and powerful than Solomon's, which are indestructible, and which were related to Israel's departure from Egypt. They took their journey... And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night: He took not away the pillar of the cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people" (Exod. 13:20-22). As soon as Pharaoh let the people go, God took over their control and led them forth, not by the shortest way to the desert, which was through the land of the Philistines, but by a circuitous route by the way of the Red Sea. The reason for this long way round was because the strong and warlike Philistines might have frightened the Israelites. "Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt" (Exod. 13:17,18). When they reached the edge of the wilderness they were to wander in for almost forty years, the people received a most spectacular manifestation of God's presence and protection as the above verses show. The first appearance of the pillar of cloud and of fire came "at Etham in the edge of the wilderness," which fact holds an instructive lesson for our hearts. "As all roads and canals, cities and villages are left behind, and an untried and trackless wilderness lies before the people, then God provides for them the mysterious cloud which never leaves them till the journey is over, and guidance is no longer required." When Christ said unto His disciples, "Go ye into all the world," He also added, "Lo, I am with you always." (Mt 28;20) God never sends us forth on our own charges. Such was His grace that He not only brought His redeemed safely out of Egypt, so that not a hoof was left behind, and then selected the journey for them, but came down, as it were, "in His travelling chariot, to be their Companion through all the vicissitudes of their wilderness journey." Note these aspects— 1. The cloud went before them. What a precious phrase that is, "The Lord went before them." He could not suffer them to go alone. Not only was He to be "a guide, a glory, a defence, to save from every fear," but their abiding companion until the end of their pilgrimage. "God led the people" (Exod. 13:18). Said Jesus, "My sheep... follow Me." If only that redeemed company had lovingly and obediently walked with God, what a triumphant journey from first to last theirs would have been! "With Jehovah in their forefront, no power could have interrupted their onward progress from Egypt to Canaan." Alas! however, tragic delays were experienced, and the journey they could have finished in almost two weeks took them forty years. The cloud, then, symbolized God's presence with His people. "The pillar of the cloud went from before their face, and stood behind them" (Exod. 14:19, 24, 25; 33:9, 10). 2. The cloud served as a guide for the people. Because God alone knew all the perils of "the great and terrible wilderness," and how incompetent the people were to be their own guides, He went before them, "to lead them in the way." Later on we read that Moses felt he had need of Hobab's "eyes" to direct the host, but his knowledge of the wilderness was not sufficient—only Jehovah was the sufficient guide (Num. 10:31. See Jer. 17:5-7). 3. The cloud was adapted for their necessity. The Israelites marched some part of each day and some part of each night, and thus evaded the full blaze of the sun. In this way a full day's march was completed. So the pillar or cloud having the appearance of light smoke led them by day, and a column of fire gave them light by night (Neh. 9:19). Night journeys are later mentioned (Num. 9:21). Thus the people had at once a signal and a guide. When the cloud moved, the people moved; when it stopped they encamped (Exod. 40:36-38), where it went they followed. As