1 Samuel 15
Augustine of Hippo · Comentário Patrístico (catena)
1 Samuel 15:11
Again, there are some things which are praiseworthy in people but cannot be present in God, such as shame, which is a prominent trapping of the state of sin, as is the fear of God. For not only in the Old Testament books is it praised, but the apostle also says, "perfecting holiness in the fear of God," none of which is to be found in God. Therefore, just as certain praiseworthy human qualities are not rightly predicated of God, so also are certain contemptible human qualities properly said to be in God, not as they are found in people but only in a very different manner and for different reasons. For shortly after the Lord had said to Samuel, "I repent that I have made Saul king," Samuel himself said of God to Saul: "He is not like a man, that he should repent." This clearly demonstrates that even though God said "I repent," it is not to be taken according to the human sense, as we have already argued at length. — ON VARIOUS QUESTIONS TO SIMPLICIAN 2.2.5
1 Samuel 15:24
Saul, too, when he was reproved by Samuel, said, "I have sinned." Why, then, was he not considered fit to be told, as David was, that the Lord had pardoned his sin? Is there favoritism with God? Far from it. While to the human ear the words were the same, the divine eye saw a difference in the heart. The lesson for us to learn from these things is that the kingdom of heaven is within us and that we must worship God from our inmost feelings, that out of the abundance of the heart the mouth may speak, instead of honoring him with our lips, like the people of old, while our hearts are far from him. We may learn also to judge people, whose hearts we cannot see, only as God judges, who sees what we cannot, and who cannot be biased or misled. — AGAINST FAUSTUS, A MANICHAEAN 22.67
1 Samuel 15:27-28
Again Saul sinned by disobedience, and again Samuel addressed to him the Lord's word: "Inasmuch, therefore, as you have rejected the word of the Lord, the Lord has also rejected you as king." And again, because of the same sin, when Saul admitted it and sought pardon, beseeching Samuel to go back with him and appease God, the prophet said, "I will not return with you, because you have rejected the word of the Lord, and the Lord has rejected you as king over Israel." And Samuel turned about to go away; but he grabbed hold of the skirt of his mantle, and it tore. And Samuel said to him, "The Lord has torn the kingdom from Israel from your hand this day and has given it to your neighbor who is better than you, and Israel shall be divided in two. But the triumpher in Israel will not spare and will not be moved to repentance; for he is not a man that he should repent. He threatens and does not persist."Actually, the man to whom these words were spoken, "The Lord shall reject you as king over Israel," and, "The Lord has torn the kingdom of Israel from you this day," ruled over Israel for forty years—for the same duration as David did—and he heard this pronouncement in the early part of his reign. Accordingly, we are to understand it to mean that no one of Saul's posterity was to rule after him—an admonition to look to David's stock whence was to stem, according to the flesh, Jesus Christ, the Mediator between God and humanity. — City of God 17.7
1 Samuel 15:27-28
In many Latin versions we find one of the above verses in the following form: "The Lord has torn the kingdom of Israel from your hand." But I have quoted from the Greek text: "The Lord has torn the kingdom from Israel from your hand"—the expression "from Israel" being equivalent to "from your hand." In this way, Samuel stood figuratively for the people of Israel which was to lose the kingdom when our Lord Jesus Christ would come to reign—spiritually, not carnally—in the New Testament. The reference to him in the words "and he has given it to your neighbor" is an allusion to the racial relationship, for Christ in the flesh derived from Israel just as did Saul. — City of God 17.7